Exploration of Market Mechanism on Controlling Air Pollution and Carbon Emissions in China

Based on increasingly grim situation of carbon emissions in China,air pollution control and carbon emission reduction are very important. Therefore,combining with China’s specific national conditions,we should explore the market mechanisms to control air pollution and reduce carbon emissions in China. The achievement of the carbon emission reduction purpose needs to establish the carbon trade market based on intensity emission reduction and suitable for China’s national conditions. By setting the cross-industry,cross-region and cross-time carbon trade scenarios in China,this paper tries to study the market mechanism of carbon intensity trade among industries and regions and based on carbon finance mechanism.

Improved Market Mechanism for Energy Storage Based on Flexible State of Energy

In this paper,a new operational mode is proposed for energy storage,in which an improved semi-centralized mechanism is proposed for energy storage to participate in the day-ahead energy market.The new operational mode,i.e.,the flexible state-of-energy(SOE)mode,is proposed based on the previous fixed SOE mode,under which the final SOE of energy storage at the end of the last period of the scheduling horizon is not limited to a predefined value.Accordingly,the value of the SOE is introduced to quantify the deviation cost of the final SOE from the predefined value.Under the proposed market mechanism,energy storage submits to the system operator the unit charging and discharging costs and the value of the SOE.The system operator dispatches the charging and discharging power of energy storage according to the data submitted and system operations.A comparative analysis is conducted in the case studies,and results demonstrate that the proposed mechanism is efficient in further realizing the flexibility potential of energy storage and reducing the total cost of the power system.

An Approach for Establishing a Common Grid Model for Flow-based Market Mechanism Simulations

The discussions on the development of an electricity market model for accommodating cross-border cooperation remains active in Europe.The main interest is the establishment of market couplings without curtailing the fair use of the scarce transmission capacity.However,it is difficult to gain mutual consensus on this subject because of the absence of convincing simulation results for the entire region.To achieve that,researchers need a common grid model(CGM)which is a simplified representation of the detailed transmission model which comprises aggregated buses and transmission lines.A CGM should sufficiently represent the inter-area power flow characteristics.Generally,it is difficult to establish a standard CGM that represents the actual transmission network with a suf-ficient degree of exactness because it requires knowledge on the details of the transmission network,which are undisclosed.This paper addresses the issue and reviews the existing approaches in transmission network approximation,and their shortcomings.Then,it proposes a new approach called the adaptive CGM approximation(ACA)for serving the purpose.The ACA is a datadriven approach,developed based on the direct current power flow theory.It is able to construct a CGM based on the published power flow data between the inter-connected market areas.This is done by solving the issue as a non-linear model fitting problem.The method is validated using three case studies.

Research on the Marketing Mechanism of E-commerce Live Broadcast - Based on The Perspective of Brand Value Co-Creation

Today,the e-commerce live broadcast industry has formed a huge market,and it has become one of the important ways for most netizens to purchase goods.Live streaming has brought new opportunities for e-commerce and new growth for brand value.The interaction between brands and customers has gradually expanded,in this case,the importance of value co-creation has become more and more prominent.This article will take e-commerce live broadcast marketing as the research object,and the brand value co-creation as the research perspective,then provide a direction based on the value co-creation perspective for the healthy and long-term development of e-commerce live broadcast marketing by studying and analyzing the cases of brand value co-creation.

Speeding Up the Transformation of the Operational Mechanism And Further Developing the International Market

According to customs statistics, China’s exports of machinery and electric products in 1996 were worth US$ 48.21 billion, an increase of 9.9 percent over the preceding year, and 8.4 percent higher than the growth rate of the nation’s total exports. The proportion of machinery and electric product exports in the nation’s total foreign trade volume\ increased from 29.5 percent in 1995 to 31.9 percent in 1996, a growth at 2.4 percent.

Market Equilibrium Based on Cloud-edge Collaboration

Market participants can only bid with lagged information disclosure under the existing market mechanism,which can lead to information asymmetry and irrational market behavior,thus influencing market efficiency.To promote rational bidding behavior of market participants and improve market efficiency,a novel electricity market mechanism based on cloudedge collaboration is proposed in this paper.Critical market information,called residual demand curve,is published to market participants in real-time on the cloud side,while participants on the edge side are allowed to adjust their bids according to the information disclosure prior to closure gate.The proposed mechanism can encourage rational bids in an incentive-compatible way through the process of dynamic equilibrium while protecting participants’privacy.This paper further formulates the mathematical model of market equilibrium to simulate the process of each market participant’s strategic bidding behavior towards equilibrium.A case study based on the IEEE 30-bus system shows the proposed market mechanism can effectively guide bidding behavior of market participants,while condensing exchanged information and protecting privacy of participants.

Key challenges and approaches to addressing barriers in forest carbon offset projects

Forest carbon offset(FCO)projects play an increasingly important role in mitigating climate change through market mechanisms in both compliance and voluntary markets.However,there are challenges and barriers to developing an FCO project,such as carbon leakage and cost-eff ectiveness.There have been few attempts to summarize and synthesize all types and aspects of existing challenges and possible solutions for FCO projects.This paper systematically reviews and discusses the current challenges involved in developing FCO projects,and then draws on the experience and lessons of existing projects to show how those challenges were addressed in world-leading voluntary carbon standards,namely the Verifi ed Carbon Standard,the American Carbon Registry,the Climate Action Reserve,and Plan Vivo.These voluntary markets have rich experience in FCO projects and are responsible for a signifi cant share of the market.From the 53 publications used in this analysis,three broad thematic categories of challenges emerged.These were related to methodology,socio-economic implications,and implementation.Methodological challenges,particularly additionality,permanence,and leakage,were the focus of 46%of the selected research papers,while socio-economic challenges,including transaction,social,and opportunity costs,were addressed by 35%.The remaining 19%of the research articles focused on implementational challenges related to monitoring,reporting,and verifi cation.Major voluntary standards adequately addressed most of the methodological and implementational barriers by adopting various approaches.However,the standards did not adequately address socio-economic issues,despite these being the second most frequently discussed theme in the papers analyzed.More research is clearly needed on the socio-economic challenges involved in the development of FCO projects.For the development of high-quality forestry carbon off set projects,there are many challenges and no simple,universal recipe for addressing them.However,it is crucial to build upon the current science and move forward with carbon projects which ensure eff ective,long-term carbon sinks and maximize benefi ts for biodiversity and people;this is particularly important with a growing public and private interest in this fi eld.

The Optimal Price Policy of Congener Software Product

From the viewpoint of market behavior to a certain software development company, it's very important to decide the suitable price to deploy its product. Especially face to the opponents who sale the congener product in the current market. According to the requirement of market economy and software engineering, accurate estimation of software price and its amount of sales are useful to a certain software provider to build a proper development project and software products' target parameters. Here we analysis the factors which affect the price of the congener software product in the same market, and calculate the weight of these factors to it's price on the current market. With the help of principles of the non cooperative games, we built a model base on AHP methods. Use this model, we can get the optimal price to release our software product and the biggest turnover. At the end of this paper, we use a numerical example to explain how to use our model.

浦东新区的政策驱动开发及其解释——关于“政策区”发展模式的研究

通过制定政策而非计划来驱动地方发展,是我国改革开放的一大特征,浦东新区是其典型案例。梳理浦东新区开发政策4个阶段演进,及其对地区开发的影响,把握其中"开发政体—空间生产—价值循环"3个关键环节的内在驱动力传递关系,对其政策驱动开发的机制做出解释。在我国的语境下,政策驱动开发的关键在于"集中"与"分散"体制的有机结合,综合运用政府、市场、社会的力量,能产生巨大效益,但也有其内在悖论。浦东新区政策驱动开发的成就有其特定性,其他的新区开发应注重对其核心机制的借鉴,而不是简单模仿。

What Developing International Markets for Ecosystem Services Reveal for China's Forestry Sector?

The market mechanism for forest ecosystem service has already become common knowledge among countries in the international movement to address global climate change.In this paper,international experiences of forest ecosystem market such as better understanding of concept,public participation, sound trading rules and measurement standards are analyzed,and its implication for China is also summarized.Finally,the prospects of forest ecosystem service market in China are discussed.The purpose of this paper i...

An Improved Incentive Ratio of the Resource Sharing on Cycles

Consider a resource sharing system in peer-to-peer(P2P)networks where peers act as both suppliers and customers of resources.Each participant obtains the utility by exchanging its resources with its neighbors according to the preset rules.A series of recent work considered a market equilibrium mechanism and studied the robustness of such a protocol against the Sybil attack strategy,which is a kind of grave threat in P2P system.The concept of incentive ratio is applied to measure how much a participant could gain from the Sybil attack by splitting its identity and reconstructing its communication connections with others.Although Chen et al.(Incentive ratios of a proportional sharing mechanism in resource sharing.In:23rd Annual International Computing and Combinatorics Conference,2017)proved the incentive ratio on cycle networks is bounded by 2 and 4,an open problem is left that is how to narrow the gap furthermore.In this paper,we improve the upper bound of incentive ratio on cycle networks to 3.This improvement comes from a better understanding of the market equilibrium mechanism and a novel analysis technique for the improvement in utility.