Research on the effects of command-and-control and market-oriented policy tools on China's energy conservation and emissions reduction innovation

The impact of environmental regulation on technology innovation is a hot spot in current research where a large number of empirical studies are based on Porter Hypothesis(PH). However, there are still controversies in academia about the establishment of "weak" and "narrow" versions of PH. Based on the panel data of application for patent of energy conservation and emission reduction(ECER) technology of Chinese city scale during 2008-2014, comprehensive energy price, pollutant emission, etc., mixed regression model and systematic generalized method of moments method were adopted, respectively,to study the impact of market-oriented and command-and-control policy tool on China's ECER technology innovation. The results show that the environmental regulation hindered the technological innovation in the immediate phase; however, it turned out to be positive in the first-lag phase. Hence, the establishment of "weak" PH is time-bounded. The command-and-control policy tool played a more positive role in promoting technological innovation in the first-lag phase than market-oriented policy tool. Therefore, "narrow" PH is not tenable. The reason is that the main participants of China's ECER technology innovation are state-owned companies and public institutions. Regionally speaking, the impact which command-and-control policy tool has on technological innovation at sight was nonsignificant in the eastern, the central, and the western regions of China whilst market-oriented policy tool had a negative effect. And market-oriented policy tool in the central region had strongest negative effect, which would diminish in the eastern region and become weakest in the western region. This was related to regional energy consumption level and the market economic vitality.

Dynamic Spatial Evolution of Market-oriented Supply Level of State-owned Land

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the spatial distribution and change trend of the marketing level of stateowned land supply so as to provide policy recommendations. Method of spatial autocorrelation analysis is employed. The results indicate that the spatial layout of the land supply marketing level is generally dispersed,but it does assemble in some specific area. The correlation between the marketing level of state-owned land supply and the economic development is not statistically significant. But their relations fluctuate obviously. The overall marketing level of state-owned land supply is increasing and spatially concentrated. The expansion rate of marketing has decreased first and then increased and stabilized now. The high-value cluster center of marketing level of state-owned land supply exists all over the country; however the existence probability of the cluster is bigger in undeveloped areas. It is concluded that spatial autocorrelation analysis is a good method to quantitatively analyze the spatial variation of marketing level of state-owned land supply in China. To grasp the spatial and temporal variations of the marketing level of state-owned land supply is also good to enhance running of the state-owned land market.

Perfecting the Market-Oriented Ecological Compensation Mechanism of Ethnic Minority Areas: A Case Study of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture

The construction of the market-oriented ecological compensation mechanism in China is complicated system engineering. China's ecological compensation funds are mainly derived from the public finance, lacking market-oriented operation. That not only increases the financial burden of the government, but also leads to the incomprehensive compensation scope. Moreover, China's ecological compensation lacks market mechanism so that it is difficult to set compensation standards and calculate offsets. This paper takes Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture as an example to analyze the market-oriented ecological compensation system of ethnic minority areas from the perspective of market economy, so as to provide a theoretical basis and a reference point for the establishment of efficient and reasonable ecological compensation mechanism and policies in ethnic minority areas and provide environmental protection for the sustainable development of economy and society of ethnic minority areas.

World Market-oriented Shanghai Port Machinery Co.Ltd.

Not long ago, the Shanghai Port Machinery Co. Ltd. won the bid during international tender for the cement construction equipment for dams and factory buildings of Phase Ⅱ of the Three Gorges Project, thanks to its excellent product quality, advanced technology content and fine enterprise image, obtaining the contract to build the world’s largest, technically difficult overhead cranes, fully displaying its tremendous strength.

Will Market-Oriented Reforms Propel Technology Progress?Empirical Evidence from China’s High-Tech Sectors

This paper aims to explore the effects of market-oriented reforms on industrial technology progress.Based on a theoretical analysis,we performed an empirical study with a marketization index and panel data of high-tech sectors in China.We found that market-oriented reforms had significantly propelled technology progress in China’s high-tech sectors,and the effects became more evident after China’s WTO entry.Market-oriented reforms induced technology progress by increasing capital allocation efficiency,R&D input,and technology diffusion.Among various aspects of market-oriented reforms,the institutional environment exerted the most significant effects,followed by the economy’s non-state sector,product market development,and factor market development;the government-market relationship index influenced technology’s progress the least.The effects are heterogeneous across sectors with different technology attributes and more significant for technology-intensive sectors.Our findings offer policy implications for China’s ongoing market-oriented reforms and policy design for technology progress in high-tech sectors.

Market-Oriented Electricity Pricing Mechanism Should be Eagerly Set Up in China

Electricity pricing is the core of the power institutional reform in China, which is related to not onlyinterests redistribution of all parties, but also health and security of the entire power industry. Only byaccelerating the reform on pricing mechanism can sound development of the power industry be promoted.

Market-Oriented Interest Rates

China＇s central bank cut interest rates for deposits and loans and adjusted their floating ranges on June 8.Yi Xianrong,a research fellow with the Institute of Finance and Bankingunder the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, shared his views on the impact of the cut with Shanghai Securities News. Edited excerpts follow：

Investigation Into the Market-Orientated New Product Development Performance

The effect that the market orientation brings to product innovation performance is reported and the degree of product innovativeness is explored. The interdepartmental integration inside the company is also investigated. A series of hypotheses were developed aiming at presenting a conceptual framework to clarify how market orientation contributes to product innovation performance-moderated by the degree of product innovativeness and affected by the interdepartmental integration. Survey data from 36 business units were analyzed based on the respondents in the research. The statistic results suggest a substantial positive effect of market orientation on product innovation performance. Under the condition of incremental innovativeness among the samples, the more innovative the product is, the more improvements in product innovation performance would be achieved. A variety of particular interdepartmental integration mechanisms have been certified to lend more supports to establishing market orientation and improving product innovation performance.

On Market-Oriented Technological Innovation

Technological innovations, the lifeline of enterprises, should originate fromand endure the test of the market. Technological innovations are not only related to technology butmore so to marketing. Hence, technological innovations should be market-oriented and relativemarketing operations should be enhanced.

Holdout Problem and Its Governance in Market-Oriented Urban Renewal: Taking Shenzhen as an Example

This paper studies the occurrence, characteristics, and governance mechanism of the holdout problem during market-oriented urban renewal in Shenzhen after a related foreign experience analysis, through methodologies of logical analysis and case study.The results indicate that the holdout problem is almost an inevitable result of market-oriented urban renewal, and its proliferation not only goes against social morality and the principle of justice, but also harms social public interests, and even causes market failure.The paper proposes two approaches to dealing with holdout problem: first, to introduce the contracting commitment to restrict the owners’ freedom of contract, and to guarantee the public benefit of all owners;second, to introduce land expropriation right to regulate holdout behavior via authority of state.

数据要素市场化配置的法治推进——兼论《数据二十条》相关条款设计

数据要素市场化配置的程度与水平决定了充分释放数据要素动能的程度,对加快数据产业链、价值链重构与转型升级意义重大。数据要素市场化配置的前提是明确数据产权归属,基础是构建统一开放的数据要素市场,发展是健全高效的定价机制,底线是保障数据要素安全发展。我国虽已明确了数据这一新型生产要素的重要地位,但相关法律尚未明确数据的产权归属,全国统一的数据要素市场尚未建立,数据要素定价机制尚未明确,数据要素市场交易与监管的边界也尚未清晰,所有这些阻碍了数据要素市场化配置的充分实现。故需立足数据要素市场的特征与现实,以数据产权结构性分置制度促进数据动态权属流动,构建统一开放的数据要素交易市场机制,同时厘清数据监管边界,保障数据要素市场安全发展,实现数据要素高水平、高质量、高效率的市场化配置。

市场导向、动态能力与企业战略绩效——双案例对比研究

在竞争激烈的数字时代背景下,为保持良好的经营业绩,企业需要运用市场导向来满足客户潜在或现有需求。已有研究发现动态能力在满足市场需求时能够作用于战略转变,促使企业及时调整策略、开拓新的核心竞争力,进而提升绩效。通过采用双案例对比分析的方式,探究了不同市场导向如何通过动态能力对企业战略绩效产生影响。研究发现:(1)市场导向通过对动态能力三个维度的调整来影响企业战略绩效;(2)不同市场导向对企业战略绩效的影响效果存在差异,在先动式市场导向驱动下,企业战略绩效表现更优;(3)在不同市场导向驱动下,企业采取动态能力侧重维度不同,受先动式市场导向引导的企业更注重持续迭代的创新能力,从而满足客户潜在需求,而受反应式市场导向引导的企业则更注重持续提升销售能力,从而满足客户现有需求。

数据要素乘数效应的逻辑解构与实现进路

数据要素作为新型生产要素在社会生产活动中发挥显著的乘数效应。数据要素不仅自身发生作用,还能与其他生产要素融合发生作用而产生乘数效应,并能够体现出国内数据乘数效应及数据开放乘数效应,以及场内交易、场外交易及其交互的乘数效应。数据要素还能够作用于生产、流通、消费、分配等社会生产过程的各环节,进而实现价值的倍增。研究表明,要夯实数据要素流通所需的基础要素建设,完善市场基础和人才基础;要持续推进数据要素交易平台、跨境要素市场的建设;要通过健全市场运行规则,完善法律法规体系,强化市场治理与监管等,探索数据要素发展的安全治理体系,构建起安全、合规且竞争有序的数据要素市场环境。

高职院校深化产教融合的困境与对策研究

深化产教融合是高职院校实现高质量发展的本质要求。文章阐述了产教融合的内涵与目的,剖析了当前新形势下遇到的问题与困境,由此建议政府采取加大政策供给与引导、强化评价导向、激励行业企业办学、增强学校服务行业企业能力等多项举措,为高职院校持续深化产教融合注入活力,提供保障。

道路通向市场——民事执行体制改革新论

我国民事执行体制以执行机构附设于法院为起点,逐渐演变为隶属于法院,是多种历史因素作用下的结果,亦将随着时代背景的变迁而变革。从域外看,走向市场化、扩大市场化、深化市场化,已成为不少国家民事执行体制发展的共同趋势。随着财政负担日益加重,我国民事执行体制改革只能在不增加财政负担乃至适度减轻财政负担的前提下,维持执行效率不降低、执行到位率有提升,进而提高民众对民事执行的获得感。应设立作为自由职业者的执行律师,先由其负责金钱债权“终本”案件的执行,再扩大其执行权能范围。通过市场化改革,可以弥补财政资源的不足,打造共建共治共享的社会治理共同体,实现中国式民事执行体制的现代化。

典型水利产业投资基金情况调研与思考

近年来,一些省份积极探索设立水利产业投资基金,推进水利基础设施建设,取得了一定成效。通过对贵州、湖南、江西和河南等地的典型调研发现,目前水利领域产业投资基金面临管理趋于严格、实际应用不充分、基金吸引力不强等挑战。为推动水利领域用好产业投资基金,建议加强宣传培训提高认识,结合当地实际分类推动,加大政策支持优化设计,推进市场化改革提高收益。

土地要素市场化改革能够提升企业生产效率吗?——基于工业用地市场化改革的准自然实验研究

深化土地要素市场化改革是提升全要素生产率、促进高质量发展的重要途径。基于微观企业视角,利用双重差分模型探究工业用地市场化改革对企业全要素生产率的影响,并从资源利用、资源配置和技术创新3个方面,探究具体的影响机制。结果表明:在研究期内,工业用地市场化改革整体上促进了企业全要素生产率提升约14%;对企业主体而言,规模越小、所属行业土地依赖程度越高,则全要素生产率的提升效果越明显;分区域来看,东北及西部地区企业生产效率的提升作用显著高于东部地区。进一步从中介效应看,该改革可以通过资源配置和技术创新来促进企业全要素生产率的提升;而资源利用机制并未发挥显著作用。综上,继续深化工业用地市场化改革,并着力优化土地资源在企业间的配置,提高企业技术创新水平,有利于企业生产率的提升。