为定量分析渭河流域土地利用变化对径流的时空影响,该文基于渭河流域1985年,1995年和2005年3期土地利用数据,分析了流域近20 a的土地利用变化特征,结合SWAT(soil and water assessment tool)水文模型,设置5种土地利用变化情景,研究了流...为定量分析渭河流域土地利用变化对径流的时空影响,该文基于渭河流域1985年,1995年和2005年3期土地利用数据,分析了流域近20 a的土地利用变化特征,结合SWAT(soil and water assessment tool)水文模型,设置5种土地利用变化情景,研究了流域土地利用变化与年、季径流的响应关系。结果表明,SWAT模型在渭河流域有较好的适用性;耕地、林地和草地为流域主要土地利用类型,面积变化小于10%,但它们在空间上的位置发生了较大转移;流域近20 a土地利用变化对径流影响小于15%;极端土地利用情景下,产流量总体趋势为耕地>草地>林地。退耕还林对年、季径流的影响程度均为干流大于支流,退耕还草对年径流(干流中游、下游、泾河)和季径流(冬季)的影响程度较大。该研究成果对于流域土地利用格局的合理规划及极端水文事件的控制具有重要意义。展开更多
Wetland reclamation has been ongoing in the Sanjiang Plain since the mid-1950s,which has resulted in major changes in wetlands and the agriculture ecosystem in the region that have influenced the iron output to the Se...Wetland reclamation has been ongoing in the Sanjiang Plain since the mid-1950s,which has resulted in major changes in wetlands and the agriculture ecosystem in the region that have influenced the iron output to the Sea of Okhotsk and limited the primary productivity in the North Pacific Ocean.This study was conducted to investigate the chemical forms of iron in different aquatic environments(agricultural water including groundwater,paddy water,and canal water;wetland water including marsh water,marsh streams,and main streams) with the cross-flow filtration method to reveal the transportation and transformation characteristics of iron in response to major land use changes.In addition,the factors affecting iron behavior in different water bodies were reviewed.In marsh water and streams,the concentrations of dissolved iron were higher due to the high organic matter contents and marsh water becoming the main iron source for river water.The conversion of dissolved iron into acid-labile iron occurred during the discharge of wetland water into marsh rivers.Iron primarily existed in both the >0.7 and <0.01 μm size fractions,accounting for about 58.3% and 26.4% of the total dissolved iron,respectively.In agricultural irrigation systems,ferrous ion entered the paddy fields from groundwater,and a fraction of this ferrous iron was subsequently converted into high molecular weight and medium molecular weight iron(colloid iron) in paddy and canal water.However,the concentrations of total dissolved iron decreased by 62.5% from underground to the surface due to the formation of precipitates.Despite this,water discharge in agriculture is still an important iron source for rivers and has the potential to supplement iron due to its higher acid-labile iron concentrations.Land use and cover change and agricultural irrigation increased the iron content of surface soil,but reduced the output of iron in water systems.Overall,the concentration of total dissolved iron in water systems has been reduced to 42.6% by wetland reclamation.展开更多
文摘为定量分析渭河流域土地利用变化对径流的时空影响,该文基于渭河流域1985年,1995年和2005年3期土地利用数据,分析了流域近20 a的土地利用变化特征,结合SWAT(soil and water assessment tool)水文模型,设置5种土地利用变化情景,研究了流域土地利用变化与年、季径流的响应关系。结果表明,SWAT模型在渭河流域有较好的适用性;耕地、林地和草地为流域主要土地利用类型,面积变化小于10%,但它们在空间上的位置发生了较大转移;流域近20 a土地利用变化对径流影响小于15%;极端土地利用情景下,产流量总体趋势为耕地>草地>林地。退耕还林对年、季径流的影响程度均为干流大于支流,退耕还草对年径流(干流中游、下游、泾河)和季径流(冬季)的影响程度较大。该研究成果对于流域土地利用格局的合理规划及极端水文事件的控制具有重要意义。
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2004CB418502)
文摘Wetland reclamation has been ongoing in the Sanjiang Plain since the mid-1950s,which has resulted in major changes in wetlands and the agriculture ecosystem in the region that have influenced the iron output to the Sea of Okhotsk and limited the primary productivity in the North Pacific Ocean.This study was conducted to investigate the chemical forms of iron in different aquatic environments(agricultural water including groundwater,paddy water,and canal water;wetland water including marsh water,marsh streams,and main streams) with the cross-flow filtration method to reveal the transportation and transformation characteristics of iron in response to major land use changes.In addition,the factors affecting iron behavior in different water bodies were reviewed.In marsh water and streams,the concentrations of dissolved iron were higher due to the high organic matter contents and marsh water becoming the main iron source for river water.The conversion of dissolved iron into acid-labile iron occurred during the discharge of wetland water into marsh rivers.Iron primarily existed in both the >0.7 and <0.01 μm size fractions,accounting for about 58.3% and 26.4% of the total dissolved iron,respectively.In agricultural irrigation systems,ferrous ion entered the paddy fields from groundwater,and a fraction of this ferrous iron was subsequently converted into high molecular weight and medium molecular weight iron(colloid iron) in paddy and canal water.However,the concentrations of total dissolved iron decreased by 62.5% from underground to the surface due to the formation of precipitates.Despite this,water discharge in agriculture is still an important iron source for rivers and has the potential to supplement iron due to its higher acid-labile iron concentrations.Land use and cover change and agricultural irrigation increased the iron content of surface soil,but reduced the output of iron in water systems.Overall,the concentration of total dissolved iron in water systems has been reduced to 42.6% by wetland reclamation.
