The Inheritance of Hardt and Negri to Marx’s Thought: From the Critique of Political Economy to Biopolitical Critique

In the Empire Series,Hardt and Negri attempt to develop biopolitical critique to contemporary capitalist society.Hardt and Negri develop their own biopolitical critique based on their understanding of Foucauldian biopolitics.In the meantime,many arguments of biopolitical critique come precisely from Marx’s critique of political economy.Identifying biopolitical production as the hegemonic paradigm of contemporary capitalist production,Hardt and Negri accomplish the transition from the critique of political economy to biopolitical critique.However,such assertion does not mean a major rupture in the relation between the critique of political economy and biopolitical critique.On the contrary,it only implies an intertwined relationship between them.Moreover,if regarding Foucault’s discussion about political economy and biopolitics as a medium,then the conclusion can be made:There are overlaps between biopolitical critique and the critique of political economy,and the source of biopolitical critique can also be traced directly back to Marx.

Globalization of Tourism and Third World Tourism Development——A Political Economy Perspective

Globalization, which is characterized by the escalating mobility of capital, people, ideas and information on a universal scale, has become a sweeping theme in the contemporary world. Tourism and its associated economic activities are evidently not immune to such a wider context of the world economy. In the past one or two decades, a stable increase has been witnessed in international tourist flows, inter-regional and inter-organizational alliances, and foreign direct investment. These trends are especially prevalent in the developing world, largely because of their pristine nature, di- verse culture, inexpensive goods and services, cheap labours, and other resources. However, it has been cautioned by some scholars, especially those from the Third World countries, that tourism is an industry run by and for the rich, more powerful nations and their corresponding multinational corporations. This article, from the perspective of political economy, supplemented with views from development studies, made a normative analysis on the impacts of the glob- alization of tourism on the Third World destination countries. Specifically, these impacts have been detailed in terms of economic, sociocultural, and ecological domains. It was demonstrated that without appropriate planning and manage- ment, the costs of Third World tourism development may accrue to the extent that its benefits are burned out. To avoid this happening, some suggestions have been made.

The Divine and the Political Economy

The Invisible Hand Of Divine Providence in Christian Theology leads mankind continuously with teleological aim.Adam Smith’s“Invisible Hand of Political Economy”leads society to the highest level of prosperity,where the benefits of households,businesses and the state are optimized.Adam Smith,influenced by the Theology of Augustine and Thomas Aquinas,transfers the Hand of Divine Providence to economic life and lets individuals function on the basis of their own interest and the“sympathy”governing their economic relations.Two patterns run at the same time.The economic circuit is driven by the good choice of the invisible hand,and mankind is driven by the good providence of God.The purpose of our work is to present this coincidence of the two“long hands”of God and the Economy and the influences that the Philosophy of Ethical Emotions of Political Economy has received from Theology.

What Caused IMF's Forecast Errors? Analysis from Political Economy Perspective

Providing high-quality economic forecasts is an important responsibility of the International Monetary Fund(IMF) in maintaining world financial and economic stability. However, errors are inevitable in IMF economic forecasts for its member countries. Based on forecast method and information, and political factor, this paper creates a political economics framework for analyzing the IMF's forecast errors, and tests the effects of various factors on the IMF's forecasts using the panel data analysis method. According to our findings, if a country receives IMF loans and shares a similar vote with the United States at the UN General Assembly, it will more likely receive an optimistic forecast by the IMF. Meanwhile, member countries' data availability and IMF forecast errors for major economies may also affect forecast on a country. Therefore, this paper proposes recommendations on further improving the IMF's forecast quality by creating more independent forecast procedures and enhancing forecast data quality and forecast accuracy.

Political Economy Factors Shaping News Culture of Hyperlocal News Website www.ippodhu.com

In contemporary media ecosystem, media content is not only produced by employees rather it is also produced by its users in the form of curating stories, writing feedback, engaging in online discussions and at the same time disseminating the content through their personal online profiles. Keeping these views in mind, this paper critically examines the political economy of Ippodhu (Tamil Nadu based news website), a hyperlocal news application, in terms of digital labour, audience as participatory commodities and audience as producers, which Alvin Toffler terms as prosumer. Further, this paper explores how social media, analytics, or other analytical tools create value or anti-value for Ippodhu. The qualitative data obtained through in-depth interview reveals that readers/audiences of Ippodhu are commodified in two ways, first they consume the content of the website by spending their time, which will be sold to the advertisers and secondly by creating free content either in the writing stories, uploading photographs or even in the form of comment which will be consumed by other readers/audiences which result in the chain of production of values.

Nation and Political Economy -A Reflection on List

The article intends to work about Friedrich List political economy starting from a specific point of view： idea of nation. Published in 1841, The National System of Political economy establishes a hard dialogue with the Wealth of nations written by Smith. The criticism is built around the idea of nation. In List, the nation, as synonym of productive forces, is a critic to the Smith＇s nation idea as a free market. The List＇s idea of nation is a product of a group of structural （and not only cultural or mental） transformations that occurred during the Revolutions of 1830 and 1848 in Europe. The result is the emergency of a new form of State, the nation-State. The political economy elaborates their critics in the measure in capitalism changes. The nation, in the national system of political economy of List, synthesizes the unification of the territory, the consolidation of the national industry and an internal market free from barriers and interlinked by a modem net of transports. In a contradictory way, that nation idea is based in great territory and its empire and not on the nationality principle, according to which, each people, yet that very small, has the right to its own territory. The unified and industrially developed States build immense empires that, in practical terms, contravene the principle of nationality

The Political Economy of the Chinese Onslaught in Africa

China＇s economic and social ties with Africa have grown sturdily since 2000 and the shifts are so marked that, by 2009, China＇s share in sub-Saharan Africa＇s total exports and imports exceeded that between China and other regions in the world. Africa has as well received year-on-year increases in foreign aid from China as compared to Latin America and Asia. This paper seeks an analysis of the increasing economic and social ties between China and Africa. Employing the political economy framework, this paper uses secondary sources of data to rake out the benefits and the threats as well as the political dynamics associated with the ties between the two regions. The paper reveals that China＇s deep-rooted relationship with Africa is translated in benefits including foreign aid, Foreign Direct Investment （FDI）, construction of physical amenities and human resource development for Africa. However, enormous threats including loss of employment, deprivation of human rights and collapse of industries, which are being entrenched by various degrees of leadership deficiencies, are apparent. The paper concludes that the ties, in terms of nature and effects, do not essentially represent change from the already existing ties between Africa and the West but only represent continuity in the dependency syndrome with a new ＂benefactor-exploiter＂. The solution for Africa, as the paper suggests, does not lie in closure of ties with China but in a knowledgeable, willing and action-oriented leadership which can consolidate the benefits and reverse the threats emerging from the ties.

British Political Economy in Post-EU Era and China-UK Relations

Although Theresa May the new British Prime Minister had followed Cameron to stand for staying in the EU,after taking office,she has openly stated on several occasions that she will respect the public opinions of the country and carry out a foreign policy of implementing Brexit according to the result of the referendum.In so doing,she has even made Boris Johnson,a controversy lead

National Governance Capacity from the View of Comparative Political Economy-Based on the Fight Against COVID-19

At the beginning of 2020,COVID-19 has blocked the pace of the world economic development.In the process of fighting the epidemic,different countries have formulated different policies and showed different effects from fighting it.After the end of COVID-19,the rapid social and economic recovery as well as their development require scientific and effective governance from all countries.From the perspective of comparative political economy theory,taking the COVID-19 epidemic as an example,this article points out the advantages and deficiencies of the national governance capacity,as well as seek ways to improve the national governance capacity.

政治经济学视域下数字新质生产力的形成逻辑与内涵研究

数字技术快速发展,各行业数字化转型不断深化,数字新质生产力正在成为推动经济增长和社会进步的关键力量。为了全面解析数字新质生产力的形成逻辑和丰富内涵,进而推动其发展,本文采用文献分析、理论分析与数理推导的方法,基于马克思主义政治经济学的生产力理论,探讨了社会生产力的历史演进及其发展趋势,深入解读了数字新质生产力的本质及内涵、外延,重点分析其形成逻辑和作用特征。研究结果表明,数字新质生产力的本质是由前沿数字技术创新驱动的,更具包容性、更体现新内涵的先进生产力。数字新质生产力的基本内涵包括劳动者、劳动资料、劳动对象及其优化组合的跃升,外延涉及全要素生产率的提升和产业结构的优化两个核心方面。数字技术革命性突破、生产要素创新性配置以及产业深度转型升级三者的联合作用推动了数字新质生产力的形成,其作用特征表现为高科技、高效能和高质量。文章进一步阐释了数字新质生产力的构成,即以数字技术、数据要素、数字产业化与产业数字化为核心的动力机制与劳动者、劳动资料、劳动对象等生产要素相互渗透,进而提出了数字新质生产力的计算公式,用于评估其影响力。研究表明,数字新质生产力的出现既是对传统马克思主义生产力理论的继承,也是其创新发展,是社会生产力发展进入新阶段的具象表现之一,对数字新质生产力的深入研究,为理解并推动数字经济时代的高质量发展提供了重要视角。

数字经济赋能中国式现代化的政治经济学分析

数字经济赋能中国式现代化符合历史、理论与实践三重逻辑。人类社会现代化的历史逻辑体现为工业化驱动现代化生成,数字经济赋能中国式现代化符合现代化生成的历史规律。数字经济赋能中国式现代化遵循了唯物史观的理论逻辑,数字经济赋能中国式现代化有利于技术进步、生产力水平提升、生产方式变革以及人的自由全面发展。数字经济赋能中国式现代化符合新时代中国特色社会主义实践逻辑,有利于满足人口规模巨大的物质财富需要、促进共同富裕实现、加强精神文明建设、促进人与自然和谐共生、构建人类命运共同体。中国共产党的领导、中国特色社会主义制度和坚持人民至上是数字经济赋能中国式现代化实现对资本主义超越的重要保证。要坚持走数字经济发展道路,通过不断发展数字经济为中国式现代化提供强劲动能。

当代西方马克思主义思潮的嬗变及其核心问题意识

以西方马克思主义百年发展的时间逻辑为主线,在阐发其代表人物及其历史事件所构筑的思想嬗变的过程中,提炼出主导西方马克思主义发展的核心问题:即指向革命主体(性)的建构以及其革命的可能性条件的前提性批判。其中,着重探讨了早期批判理论伴随着资本主义生产方式的变迁,特别是国家资本主义的诞生所带来的对马克思政治经济学批判路径的扬弃。彰显西方马克思主义在面向资本主义批判过程中的理论得失,其中将对经济结构的批判转向了对政治和文化的批判是其理论在当代失去批判的根本原因。基于此,以二十世纪七十年代为界,西方马克思主义思想家们呈现出两种不同的批判路径:其一,建立在“需要体系”基础上以劳动和资本的对抗为核心展开的批判;其二则是资本逻辑成为显性逻辑后由“欲望体系”所构筑的主体生成性批判。西方马克思主义理论与资本主义发展新形态的同步演进,不仅体现出批判理论面对资本逻辑试图保持的自觉意识的抗争,也为今天马克思主义理论面向资本逻辑所展开的批判带来了更多借鉴和思考。

数字经济背景下“电子商务数据分析”课程教学设计与实践

数字经济时代,大数据分析技术在电商行业企业发展中起着越来越重要的作用。但目前市场上电子商务数据分析人才的专业能力相对薄弱。通过对高校“电子商务数据分析”课程教学各环节进行深入分析,找出了影响电商数据分析人才能力提升的相关因素,指出高校应对该课程授课模式进行重构与设计,构建“双师共育、三阶递进”的教学模式,实行“三元五维”全过程综合评价,培养知识型、技能型、高素质的新型商务数据分析人才。

“全体人民共同富裕的现代化”的文明史变革意蕴——基于马克思主义政治经济学视角

“全体人民共同富裕的现代化”具有深刻的文明史变革意蕴。在马克思主义政治经济学批判的方法论之下,文明的本质和内核不是宗教文化等社会意识要素,而是物质生产和财富创造,由此确立了“富裕”作为文明标尺这一“经济事实”,从“匮乏”走向“富裕”是文明演进的核心线索。在马克思、恩格斯所开辟的文明的“近经济”阐释的理论空间中,“文明社会”史与私有制历史同期、“富裕”与“贫困”并存成了人类文明史最大的经济悖论,现代资本主义文明则把这一经济悖论推向了极端。“全体人民共同富裕”的中国式现代化在社会主义公有制的制度基础和制度优势之下,不仅体现全体人民的共同富裕,而且体现人民物质生活共同富裕与精神生活共同富裕的协调,破解了文明的经济悖论,实现了对整个人类文明史的伟大变革,由此开创了人类文明新形态。

马克思的数学研究及其在政治经济学中的运用

数学是马克思进行科学研究和发现人类社会发展规律的重要工具。马克思数学研究的进阶路径符合人对事物认知的一般规律,马克思由唯心主义转向唯物主义是其钻研数学的根本前提,马克思开创了用历史唯物主义、辩证唯物主义方法研究数学的先例,为当时数学、经济学及辩证唯物主义哲学协调发展提供了光辉范例。马克思推动了高等数学的发展,提出“无穷小量”与“0”之间的辩证关系,独创了■求导法,系统梳理了“神秘微积分”“理性微积分”“纯粹代数微积分”的特点和不足,敏锐发现了代数学向微分学转化的环节,揭示了微积分的本质。马克思借助数理逻辑,在阐释劳动价值论基础上发现了剩余价值论,并用数理逻辑、文字逻辑和现实事例论证了政治经济学基本理论,严谨完成了《资本论》整体理论建构。新时代科学发展马克思政治经济学数理分析,可强化数学及其他基础学科交叉应用研究,在解决时代问题中创新马克思主义政治经济学数理理论。

列宁与政治经济学批判方法论的“具体化”——基于《俄国资本主义的发展》的文本讨论

在政治经济学批判中,“从抽象到具体”的方法一直是西方左翼解读《资本论》的流行语法。然而,他们通常忽视了“从抽象到具体”过程的“开端”问题。马克思在以英国为个案的《资本论》的“原始积累”章节中所处理的,正是这个理论任务。回顾马克思主义发展史,列宁在《俄国资本主义的发展》中的讨论,完成了马克思关于考察俄国资本主义以补证《资本论》证据的愿望,丰富了“从具体到抽象”的开端问题。列宁从俄国资本主义的发展具有客观必然性、农民的解体与小生产者的破产是其发展的必然环节,以及俄国不是因为没有国外市场而无法实现额外价值等方面,论证了资本主义原始积累过程的必然性与资本主义发展最终被社会主义替代的一致性,实现了政治经济学批判方法论的“具体化”。

健康中国建设的政治经济学解析

党的二十大报告指出,要推进健康中国建设,把保障人民健康放在优先发展的战略位置。劳动者健康是马克思主义政治经济学高度关切的重大问题,中国共产党人为此进行了不懈的探索。以习近平同志为核心的党中央高度重视人民健康,坚持马克思主义政治经济学的立场、观点、方法,提出并实施了健康中国建设的战略部署。健康中国建设贯彻以人民为中心、以改革创新为动力的发展思想,贯穿于统筹推进“五位一体”总体布局和协调推进“四个全面”战略布局之中,凸显了卫生健康事业在国家整体发展战略中的基础性地位和支撑作用,是马克思主义政治经济学中国化、时代化一系列创新成果的重要组成部分。实施健康中国建设,坚持健康促进政策,必将对我国新时代经济社会发展产生深远的影响,也是中国式现代化的内在要求。

“共有的思想库”:哈瑞特对约翰·密尔思想的影响

作为19世纪英国著名的思想家,约翰·密尔坦陈其思想受到妻子哈瑞特的深刻影响。通过对两人交往关系的考察,特别是对密尔所撰写的《政治经济学原理》和《论自由》这两个文本的细致分析,可以明晓哈瑞特对这些著作的贡献。由此,不仅有助于更好地理解密尔写就的那些文本的思想内涵,更好地定位其在思想史上的地位,而且,更有意义的是,这一梳理也彰显了哈瑞特那些新颖独特与富有价值的思想内容,提醒人们在密尔的思想体系中不应忘却哈瑞特曾经发出的声音。

论马克思对黑格尔思辨哲学的批判及其改造

通过思想史的考察,可以揭示马克思对黑格尔思辨哲学的批判在《黑格尔法哲学批判》和《巴黎手稿》中存在重要差异。由于其批判尺度的变化,这为马克思对黑格尔思辨方法的肯定和改造奠定了思想地基。以至在后来的政治经济学批判中,马克思对黑格尔的思辨方法做了新唯物主义改造和科学应用。由此,马克思对黑格尔思辨哲学的批判存在理论上的限度,但正是对这种限度的自觉肯认为马克思建构科学的政治经济体系提供了方法论上的参照。

以健康公平推进共同富裕

实现健康公平是实现共同富裕不可或缺的一环,是共同富裕在卫生健康领域的贯彻和体现。以健康公平推进共同富裕,是新时代卫生健康工作的根本遵循,也是实现共同富裕的题中应有之义。健康公平推进共同富裕以中国特色社会主义政治经济学为理论基础,其基本逻辑是健康公平和共同富裕相互融合、相互促进、高度统一,主要表现为全民性、全面性、均等性和循序性;以健康公平推进共同富裕的实现机制包括提供高质量更广范围的健康供给、增加健康供给可及性、循序渐进分阶段发展。基于此,应积极推进健康领域供给侧结构性改革,在公共卫生服务、医疗卫生资源等方面做大健康“蛋糕”,同时缩小城乡、地区、人群间的健康不平等,分好健康“蛋糕”,真正发挥健康公平的“共富”效应。