The Relationship between Marx and Marxism: the Relevance of the Issue: in the XXIst Century

The paper looks at the issue of the relationship between Marx and Marxism. Three approaches to the issue,which are widespread in contemporary Marxist literature and among marxologists are discussed. The first approach: the true Marx is the philosophy of Marx minus political theory. The second approach: the true Marx is the philosophy of Marx plus political theory of social-democratic parties. The third approach: the true Marx is the philosophy of Marx plus political theory,developed most fully by Lenin in the preparation of the R ussian revolution. The third approach,from our point of view,corresponds most to the essence of genuine Marxism,at least as applied to the twentieth century. The paper examines in detail the principal novelty of Lenin speaking of the need to translate Marx's materialistic theory of history to the political level as a theoretical issue. The author also notes the contribution of the Chinese leaders into further development of the political theory of Marxism closely connected with the issues of strategy and tactics of building socialism with Chinese characteristics. In conclusion,the paper states that world history nowbecomes increasingly complex and mixed. Therefore,the question of whether Marxist philosophers in this situation will be able to find ways of realization the 11th thesis of Marx "On Feuerbach"remains open.

Study on the Background,Scientific Connotation and Contemporary Value of Marx’s and Engels’s Peasant Thoughts

In the process of leading the international communist movement,Marx and Engels faced the profound influence of social revolution and multi-social thoughts caused by the development of capitalism.They always stood at the historical height and the forefront of the times with their attention attached to and study the peasant issues,on the basis of the need to provide scientific theoretical guidance for the workers’ movement and the revolutionary allied forces.Marx and Engels insisted on the connection between theory and practice,the unity of materialism and dialectics,the combination of principle and flexibility,the principle of complementing macro and micro analysis,and the features of peasantry class,personality characteristics,revolutionary nature,political attitudes and history of peasants and other in-depth analysis being accomplished and put forward practical and feasible joint measures to form a peasant thought with great scientific connotation.This idea is still of important value for the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy by our party in the new era and the proper resolution of the “three rural issues”.

Realistic Meaning of Agricultural Crisis Theory of Marx and Engels

Agricultural crisis theory of Marx and Engels is an indispensable important component in Marx economic crisis theory system. In the process of China market economy quickly developing,although comprehensive agricultural crisis does not appear,agricultural crisis sign has appeared. Therefore,it has very important theoretic value and actual significance to learn and study agricultural crisis theory of Marx and Engels.

The Review and Prospect of Marx and Engels' Educational Thought Research in China

The study of Marx and Engels'educational thought has experienced different stages in China,different stages show different characteristics,and has made some progress in the aspects of“human nature”,“all-round development of human beings”,“the combination of education and productive labor”,“the relationship between education and various social phenomena”,and“the thought of moral education”.Looking forward to the future,the study of Marx and Engels'educational thought in China should be further carried out:the depth of text research,the strengthening of academic research,the emphasis of method research and the deepening of cross-research.

An Overview of the Study of the Materialist Dialectics of Late Engels and the Marxist Dialectical Debate

This year marks the 200th anniversary of the birth of the great proletarian revolutionary mentor Engels,and the theoretical community has once again started a wave of research on his thought.On the basis of Hegel’s dialectic,Engels inherited and developed Marx’s dialectic,and founded the materialist dialectic,which he called“the best tool and the sharpest weapon”.However,the relationship between Engels’materialist dialectics and Marx’s dialectics has been debated for more than a hundred years in the theoretical circles both at home and abroad,and it is of great significance to correctly summarize and elaborate the domestic and international views in order to clarify the internal logic and truth of Engels’materialist dialectics.

Narration and Discussion On the Cultural Thought of Marxist Classical Writers

Marx and Engels put forward the thought of spiritual production and spiritual productive force,and pointed out the viewpoint of training free and all-round developed human beings by communist culture.Lenin thought that Cultural construction was an important driving force of political civilization,he also proposed that we should develop education and science program in a planned way,foster the new socialist men,etc.Marxist Classical Writers'cultural thought is the main source of the theory of socialist cultural construction with Chinese characteristics.

Western Marxism＇s Misreading of Marx＇s Critique of Capitalism

Since its advent in the early 1920s, Western Marxism has undergone a torturous process from anti-liberalism to virtually liberalism. The main theoretical deficiency behind this process is the over-estimation of Marx＇s cultural critique of capitalism. As his economic research gradually deepened, Marx＇s dual critique of capitalism from economic and cultural perspectives matured. When the leading proponents of Soviet Marxism gave prominence to Marx＇s economic critique, as circumstances required, they and some key figures in the Second International misread his theory with emphasis on economic determinism. In contrast, Georg Luk^cs and most Western Marxists proceeded to develop a Marxian cultural critique with the consequence that his economic research being marginalized. Without the counterbalance of a continuous and consistent economic theory to challenge a confident international capitalism, cultural critique is consequently reorganized in confluence with liberalism, which is centered on an individual ontology. Re-excavating Marxian dual critical theory may help Western Marxism escape the dilemma.

Analysis of Marxist Ecological Theory

Marxist ecological theory is an indispensable part of Marxist economic theory.Human society is the complete unity of man and nature.The material transformation between man and nature is an eternal natural necessity for all societies to be realized,and only communism can realize the true unity of man and nature.Understanding and grasping the scientific connotation of this theory has very important theoretical value and practical significance for building a harmonious society between man and nature.

马克思、恩格斯关于历史主动精神的论述和现实启示

历史主动精神植根于唯物史观,是指无产阶级在遵循历史规律的前提下主动创造历史的精神品质。这种精神在重大历史关头表现得更为鲜明,其本质是人的主观能动性的发挥。马克思、恩格斯关于历史主动的论述使用了“历史主动性”“主动精神”“历史首创精神”等核心概念。围绕这些核心概念,马克思、恩格斯以人民群众、无产阶级和无产阶级政党为主体展开了关于历史主动精神的论述。其内涵主要包括主动斗争精神、主动创造精神和主动引领精神。马克思、恩格斯关于历史主动精神的论述为马克思主义的发展与传播奠定了基础,也推动了共产主义运动和中国革命的发展。探究马克思、恩格斯关于历史主动精神的论述有助于在新征程中彰显中国共产党人的马克思主义立场,激发更为主动的精神力量。

《德意志意识形态》手稿是“马克思口述、恩格斯笔录”的产物——驳黑泷正昭对大村假说的批评

黑泷正昭曾撰文批评大村假说,认为《德意志意识形态》手稿不是“马克思口述、恩格斯笔录”的产物,本文尝试对此批评展开反批评。黑泷指出,他仔细检讨了笔者对假说的证明过程,发现笔者并未能成功证明此假说。但是黑泷对其中两大关键性证据的批评无法令人信服。第一大证据在于,手稿中出现了许多即时异文,这在恩格斯单独执笔的手稿中较少发现,而在马克思单独执笔的手稿中却屡见不鲜。事实上,该手稿中即时异文的出现频率是《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的两倍。为什么会发生这样的情况,黑泷对此并未加以考察。第二大证据在于,手稿中出现了许多德文同音异义词的混淆错误,笔者给出了6处例证。黑泷认为其中4处不应视为对同音异义词的替换更正,黑泷的这一看法要么以假定一份原本并不存在的手稿存在为前提,要么以否认恩格斯替换更正同音异义词这一事实为前提。因而笔者无法承认黑泷的批评是基于学术检讨做出的。

未来社会视野中马克思恩格斯文明塑造思想的历史自觉性探析

未来社会是马克思恩格斯所要实现与追求的有别于旧的社会和旧的时代的理想目标,它体现着马克思恩格斯所主张倡导的人类文明将要走向新的进程和篇章的观点。在未来社会中,人的历史主体作用表现在不断将整个人类发展与自然客观进程作为一个动态的、不息的、永无止境的过程,以动态的历史自觉性发现世界与人的本质价值,在动态的价值开掘利用过程中永不停息地扩展提升人与自然世界的一切有利价值。马克思恩格斯未来社会文明塑造思想的历史自觉性是历史主体对于世界文学的动态价值追求,对于世界本质的动态价值发现,对于人的本质的动态价值塑造,从而以动态的进程提升历史主体与历史客体的实践历史价值。

《博士论文》与马克思新闻思想的哲学起源

马克思新闻思想是马克思主义新闻观的起点,马克思新闻思想不仅源于其报刊实践,更源于其哲学思想,而作为马克思哲学思想的起点,马克思《博士论文》也是马克思新闻思想的哲学原点,需要从作为马克思哲学思想起点的《博士论文》入手,剖析马克思新闻思想的哲学起源。马克思《博士论文》中的实践哲学、时空观念和自由观念为其新闻思想的形成起到了哲学启蒙作用,马克思的报刊实践、传播观念及新闻出版自由观念从哲学角度都可以在《博士论文》中找到源头。

阿尔都塞“保卫马克思”的理论叙事

“保卫马克思”是阿尔都塞理论初衷。阿尔都塞立足《资本论》研究,聚焦“意识形态”问题,采用征候阅读法来理论地保卫马克思,捍卫马克思思想关于社会历史构成的“科学逻辑”。阿尔都塞冲撞意识形态界限的努力把意识形态的隐匿性、封闭性、统治性显现出来,从而为穿过意识形态幻象提供了理论前提。阿尔都塞在意识形态维度探讨“个人消失”难题,是对马克思“个人被抽象统治”现代性问题的深入延展,但是阿尔都塞“意识形态精神分析”问题是从根本上错失了马克思的“解放逻辑”。阿尔都塞“保卫马克思”的成败启示我们要妥善处理形而上学批判和后形而上学希望的辩证关系,积极推进马克思主义经济哲学、政治哲学、文化哲学的当代建构。

马克思恩格斯“人与自然共进”思想的三重逻辑探析

马克思恩格斯认为,自然世界与人类世界本质上都是处于生成中的物质物体,是永不停息物质运动的现实过程,永远变化生长的物质运动承载着人类社会和自然界的实际本质与丰富内容。马克思恩格斯“人与自然共进”思想的第一重逻辑是整体自然成长论,整体自然成长是指自然界的发展、人的实践和人的思维的现实性发展共同行进。马克思恩格斯“人与自然共进”思想的第二重逻辑是自然世界价值论,它强调自然世界的最大价值就在于人的劳动创造,只有实现人的不断创造才能从根本上提升自然世界价值与人的价值。马克思恩格斯“人与自然共进”思想的第三重逻辑是社会建构促进自然论,社会建构必须促进自然世界的最高本质和价值也就是促进人的发展提升人幸福,只有实现人的全方位幸福才能够真正促进自然世界的进步发展。

《德意志意识形态》中的唯物史观叙事结构及其科学内涵

唯物史观的叙事结构鲜明地赋存了意识形态批判“由破而立”的逻辑线索。马克思、恩格斯在《德意志意识形态》中立足于实现人的自由解放的求索导向,以确立唯物史观的叙事话语破除了以往传统旧思想体系的意识形态桎梏,充分彰显了意识形态批判的否定性逻辑、建构性逻辑和超越性逻辑的科学内涵,并以此为思想视域,进一步指导无产阶级革命理论的创新发展。立足于《德意志意识形态批判》的原初语境,挖掘唯物史观在叙事层级和逻辑结构上所内蕴的意识形态批判的科学内涵,无论是对于充实当今马克思主义文本诠释和原著探究的发展来说,还是对于深刻认识马克思主义的科学张力和真理伟力来说,都具有重大的现实意义。

马克思恩格斯“解放自然”思想的三重维度与时代启示

马克思恩格斯认为,解放回复大自然的应有地位并重置人与自然世界的关系,是对劳动阶级的解放和社会制度的革新。马克思恩格斯“解放自然”思想的第一重维度是打破“变异自然论”,解放人在自然世界中主导的历史地位;第二重维度是打破“形而上学自然论”,解放人面对自然世界的应有认识;第三重维度是打破“有限自然论”,解放人类世界历史发展的时空界限并开拓自然空间和适度利用自然资源。马克思恩格斯“解放自然”思想对新时代具有一定的启示,即要坚持树立劳动者在自然世界中的主体地位;重新认识自然世界与人类存在的一切关系,以科技创新回复自然世界的客观规律;主张世界历史的全球化,为人类与自然世界共同发展创造历史基础。

Marx on Nature

Ecological Marxists argue that Marx forged a view of nature compatible with more recent models of environmentalism. John Bellamy Foster argues that Marx ascribed an ecological value to nature by asserting a co-evolution between man and nature. James O＇Connor presents a more nuanced view in which Marx at best defended a conservationist defense of nature. I argue that such ecological views of Marx tend to overlook his abandonment of an ontology of nature as a totality of relations among physical objects with respect to their interactions and mutual preservation and order. He followed Kant in reducing nature, or the physical world, effectively to a regulative notion, thus reducing its value to a simply a heuristic one for judgments about and actions towards objects. But he also radicalized this reduction by envisaging nature only as a material field of fungible and consumable things, such that each thing is a mere locus of energy or force that human labor cannot substantively perfect but only change to a function. Labor in this view creates new arrangements of natural things for a singular ultimate purpose： the formation of associations of free labor. I conclude that Marx＇s thinking thus cannot be utilized to support an environmental philosophy, such as deep ecology or eco-socialism, that would posit any intrinsic value to nature.

马克思恩格斯体育论述探赜

马克思恩格斯体育论述深刻影响着中国体育学的发展,对其进行历史和理论的再思考具有重要意义。研究运用文献分析法和逻辑分析法,围绕相关经典文本,理清了马克思恩格斯体育论述的文本内容及其连贯性。并从思想史的角度出发,明确了马克思恩格斯体育论述与空想社会主义者和启蒙思想家的体育观点之联系。基于此,以劳动和身体关系的演进为切入点,在廓清马克思恩格斯体育论述的内在逻辑进路后,进一步探讨认为,马克思恩格斯体育论述形成于一个特定时代、特定阶段和特定环境,以服务于无产阶级革命为基本命题。在看到其特殊性的同时,也要看到其在方法、立场和价值方面的普遍性。

马克思恩格斯的社会主义平等观探析

马克思恩格斯认为,人类对平等的追求随着物质生产的发展而不断觉醒,经过“原始共同体内的实质平等一普遍的形式平等一普遍的实质平等”的历史沿革,最终发展为社会主义平等观,即无产阶级追求的、以消灭阶级为目的的、普遍的实质平等。社会主义平等观,既指导着无产阶级吸收资本主义法权平等的合理因素,在物质生产逐步发展的基础上实现劳动人民的普遍实质平等,又批判资本主义平等的片面性、折中性、抽象性,具有重要的当代价值。