In the Empire Series,Hardt and Negri attempt to develop biopolitical critique to contemporary capitalist society.Hardt and Negri develop their own biopolitical critique based on their understanding of Foucauldian biop...In the Empire Series,Hardt and Negri attempt to develop biopolitical critique to contemporary capitalist society.Hardt and Negri develop their own biopolitical critique based on their understanding of Foucauldian biopolitics.In the meantime,many arguments of biopolitical critique come precisely from Marx’s critique of political economy.Identifying biopolitical production as the hegemonic paradigm of contemporary capitalist production,Hardt and Negri accomplish the transition from the critique of political economy to biopolitical critique.However,such assertion does not mean a major rupture in the relation between the critique of political economy and biopolitical critique.On the contrary,it only implies an intertwined relationship between them.Moreover,if regarding Foucault’s discussion about political economy and biopolitics as a medium,then the conclusion can be made:There are overlaps between biopolitical critique and the critique of political economy,and the source of biopolitical critique can also be traced directly back to Marx.展开更多
Karl Marx’s insightful critique of bourgeois rights,represented in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen adopted by France,can be attributed to the short-term and longterm perspectives he adopted su...Karl Marx’s insightful critique of bourgeois rights,represented in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen adopted by France,can be attributed to the short-term and longterm perspectives he adopted successively in his research.By reading works such as History of France in the Revolutionary Era and History of the French Revolutionary Parliament,Marx was able to examine the original intentions of the legislators in the period of the French Revolution.This short-term examination was the most intuitive and logical approach to studying the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen,in which Marx focused on the research of the period of the French National Convention and its idea on property rights.The enigmatic political-legal facts that emerged in 1793 during the French Revolution,along with other incidents,presented an opportunity for Marx to turn to long-term rights surveys.In this context,Marx gradually shifted his attention from the legislators who were the shining protagonists of the“grand political historical drama”to the underlying forces that worked behind them,and in doing so understood how the two major achievements of the French Revolution provided an explanation for the historicity of the phenomenon of rights.Marx’s longterm rights surveys from the perspective of historical materialism were directly inspired by the Kreuznach Notes as well as famous scholars including Francois Guizot,Augustin Thierry,and Henri Saint-Simon.展开更多
为了实现重频脉冲功率源小型化,研制了基于快Marx发生器的紧凑型重频低阻抗脉冲驱动源。采用低功率电源(比如30 V电池)作为初始能源,重频高压充电电源集成大容量超级电容,可脱离外部电源重频对Marx发生器充电至100 k V,结合对高压充电...为了实现重频脉冲功率源小型化,研制了基于快Marx发生器的紧凑型重频低阻抗脉冲驱动源。采用低功率电源(比如30 V电池)作为初始能源,重频高压充电电源集成大容量超级电容,可脱离外部电源重频对Marx发生器充电至100 k V,结合对高压充电电源和脉冲触发源的同步控制,实现Marx发生器的重频高功率多脉冲输出;Marx发生器中采用薄膜脉冲电容器、小型化气体开关、电感隔离以及SF6气体绝缘等设计,最高建立电压800 k V、额定储能1.6 k J;高压充电电源和脉冲触发源采用真空灌封绝缘胶等紧凑设计,全系统集成后外形尺寸约0.9 m×0.45 m×0.45 m。在实验中获得了重复频率10 Hz、脉宽150 ns、峰值电压>400 k V、电流>21 k A的连续多脉冲输出,为研制更高性能的小型化重频脉冲驱动源奠定了基础。展开更多
文摘In the Empire Series,Hardt and Negri attempt to develop biopolitical critique to contemporary capitalist society.Hardt and Negri develop their own biopolitical critique based on their understanding of Foucauldian biopolitics.In the meantime,many arguments of biopolitical critique come precisely from Marx’s critique of political economy.Identifying biopolitical production as the hegemonic paradigm of contemporary capitalist production,Hardt and Negri accomplish the transition from the critique of political economy to biopolitical critique.However,such assertion does not mean a major rupture in the relation between the critique of political economy and biopolitical critique.On the contrary,it only implies an intertwined relationship between them.Moreover,if regarding Foucault’s discussion about political economy and biopolitics as a medium,then the conclusion can be made:There are overlaps between biopolitical critique and the critique of political economy,and the source of biopolitical critique can also be traced directly back to Marx.
文摘Karl Marx’s insightful critique of bourgeois rights,represented in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen adopted by France,can be attributed to the short-term and longterm perspectives he adopted successively in his research.By reading works such as History of France in the Revolutionary Era and History of the French Revolutionary Parliament,Marx was able to examine the original intentions of the legislators in the period of the French Revolution.This short-term examination was the most intuitive and logical approach to studying the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen,in which Marx focused on the research of the period of the French National Convention and its idea on property rights.The enigmatic political-legal facts that emerged in 1793 during the French Revolution,along with other incidents,presented an opportunity for Marx to turn to long-term rights surveys.In this context,Marx gradually shifted his attention from the legislators who were the shining protagonists of the“grand political historical drama”to the underlying forces that worked behind them,and in doing so understood how the two major achievements of the French Revolution provided an explanation for the historicity of the phenomenon of rights.Marx’s longterm rights surveys from the perspective of historical materialism were directly inspired by the Kreuznach Notes as well as famous scholars including Francois Guizot,Augustin Thierry,and Henri Saint-Simon.
文摘为了实现重频脉冲功率源小型化,研制了基于快Marx发生器的紧凑型重频低阻抗脉冲驱动源。采用低功率电源(比如30 V电池)作为初始能源,重频高压充电电源集成大容量超级电容,可脱离外部电源重频对Marx发生器充电至100 k V,结合对高压充电电源和脉冲触发源的同步控制,实现Marx发生器的重频高功率多脉冲输出;Marx发生器中采用薄膜脉冲电容器、小型化气体开关、电感隔离以及SF6气体绝缘等设计,最高建立电压800 k V、额定储能1.6 k J;高压充电电源和脉冲触发源采用真空灌封绝缘胶等紧凑设计,全系统集成后外形尺寸约0.9 m×0.45 m×0.45 m。在实验中获得了重复频率10 Hz、脉宽150 ns、峰值电压>400 k V、电流>21 k A的连续多脉冲输出,为研制更高性能的小型化重频脉冲驱动源奠定了基础。
