Discussion on the Origin of Chinese Modernization from the Perspective of Classical Marxist Theory

Chinese modernization is socialist modernization with Chinese characteristics under the leadership of the Communist Party of China,and it is the contemporary form of Chinese socialist modernization under the grand historical vision,which has considerable research value.This paper mainly combines the theoretical vision with the historical vision,studies and discusses the origin of Chinese modernization,from China’s“Oriental society,”a modern prehistoric social form,to modern China stepping on the socialist road under the basic circumstances of world history,and takes the initiative to master the relevant logic of the historical trend.This paper also presents the research and discussion on why it is possible for modern China to realize Chinese modernization,and to solve the problem of the origin of Chinese modernization in theory and historical logic.

The Marxist Theory of the State and National Identity

Nation-state identity has become a focus of theoretical discussion in academia home and abroad in recent years. Under the new historical conditions, the study of national identity should take the Marxist theory of the state as its theoretical basis and stick to the Marxist view of class and class analysis so as to properly understand, guide and enhance national identity. The Marxist theory of the state has analyzed in a scientific way the origin, nature, development, succession and decay of the state, and the innovative and transitional nature of the proletarian state. We should not stop at the level of ＂national identity in general,＂ but should instead use the Marxist view of class to look at and analyze specific people＇s identification with specific states. As far as the developed capitalist states are concerned, the bourgeoisie and the working class differ dramatically in their views, attitudes, emotions and beliefs toward their state. When it comes to China that is still at the primary stage of socialism, national identity needs to be studied in depth and guided in a correct way, especially under the condition of reform and opening-up. The main subjects of national identity should get optimized at all levels.Meanwhile, measures should be taken to enhance conscious awareness of and cultivate right attitudes toward national identity.

Marxist Crisis Theory and the Rate of Profit in the U.S. Economy during 1975-2008

The cyclical fall in the rate of profit reveals the basic mechanism of the cyclical fluctuation of the economy.A new synthesis of the Marxist crisis theory necessitates calculating the rate of profit as well as considering factors such as capital-labor relations,realization of value,the organic composition of capital,and money and credit.Empirical studies suggest that the U.S.profit rate in real economy showed no signs of effective recovery during 195-2008.The shrinking profit share caused by growing employment of non-production workers turns out to be the major factor contributing to the cyclical fall in the rate of profit,which in turn may be traced to the reorganization of the production process before the 1990s and the growing flexibility of employment relations after the 1990s.With long-term stagnation of the rate of profit,a new,financialised model of accumulation that heavily depends on increasing liquidity in the economy took shape in the United States,making the U.S.economy more fragile.The current crisis is but a natural result of the intrinsic contradiction between the Fed’s efforts to encourage financialised accumulation and to maintain the dollar as a legitimate quasi international reserve currency.

The Construction of a Discourse System for Literature Research in Contemporary China

The construction of the literature research discourse in the seven decades since the foundation of the PRC has shown an upward spiral, from 'state/collective discourse' to 'society/individual discourse' and thence to 'world/human discourse.' These related but different discourses have worked together to facilitate literary writing and literature research. During the last 70 years of literature research, the Marxist theory of literature and art has always played a guiding role. Having close links with Chinese literary practice, Marxist theory has had a fundamental impact on the construction of the Chinese literature research discourse system. The emergence of 'state/collective discourse,' 'society/individual discourse' and 'world/human discourse' is an integral, historical, logical and dynamic process. Chinese literature research discourse should be constantly innovated and developed with a vision that looks to the world and the future, in order to contribute Chinese wisdom to dialogues between different academic discourses in the world and thus demonstrate the unique value of Chinese academic research in the humanities.