In continuous casting production,droplet characteristics are important parameters for evaluating the nozzle atomization quality,and have a significant impact on the secondary cooling effect and the slab quality.In ord...In continuous casting production,droplet characteristics are important parameters for evaluating the nozzle atomization quality,and have a significant impact on the secondary cooling effect and the slab quality.In order to study the behavior of atomized droplets after reaching the slab surface and to optimize the spray cooling effect,the influence of droplet diameter and droplet velocity on the migration behavior of droplets in the secondary cooling zone was analyzed by FLUENT software.Results show that the droplets in the spray zone and on the slab surface are mainly concentrated in the center,thus,the liquid volume fraction in the center is higher than that of either side.As the droplet diameter increases,the region of high liquid volume fraction on the slab surface becomes wider,and the liquid phase distribution in the slab width direction becomes uneven.Although increasing the droplet velocity at the nozzle exit has little effect on droplet diffusion in the spray zone,the distribution becomes more uneven due to more liquid reaches the slab surface per unit time.A prediction formula of the maximum water flow rate on the slab surface for specific droplet characteristics was proposed based on dimensionless analysis and validated by simulated data.A nozzle spacing of 210 mm was recommended under the working conditions in this study,which ensures effective coverage of the spray water over the slab surface and enhances the distribution uniformity of water flow rate in the transverse direction.展开更多
Granular mass flows (e.g., debris flows/avalanches) in landslide-prone areas are of great concern because they often cause catastrophic disasters as a result of their long run-out distances and large impact forces. ...Granular mass flows (e.g., debris flows/avalanches) in landslide-prone areas are of great concern because they often cause catastrophic disasters as a result of their long run-out distances and large impact forces. To investigate the factors influencing granular mass flow mobility, experimental tests were conducted in a flume model. Granular materials consisting of homogeneous sand and non- homogeneous sandy soil were used for studying particle size effects. Run-out tests with variable flow masses, water contents, and sloping channel confinement parameters were conducted as well. The results indicated that granular mass flow mobility was significantly influenced by the initial water content; a critical water content corresponding to the smallest flow mobility exists for different granular materials. An increase in the total flow mass generally induced a reduction in the travel angle (an increase in flow mobility). Consistent with field observations, the travel angles for different granular materials decreased roughly in proportion to the logarithm of mass. The flume model tests illustrate that the measured travel angles increase as the proportion of fine particles increases. Interestingly, natural terrain possesses critical confinement characteristics for different granular mass flows.展开更多
The available studies in the literature on physical modeling of the vacuum circulation (RH, i.e. Ruhrstahl Heraeus) refining process of molten steel have briefly been reviewed. The latest advances made by the author ...The available studies in the literature on physical modeling of the vacuum circulation (RH, i.e. Ruhrstahl Heraeus) refining process of molten steel have briefly been reviewed. The latest advances made by the author with his research group have been summarized. Water modeling was employed to investigate the flow and mixing characteristics of molten steel under the RH and RH KTB (Kawasaki top blowing) conditions and the mass transfer features between molten steel and powder particles in the RH PTB (powder top blowing) refining. The geometric similarity ratio between the model and its prototype (a multifunction RH degasser of 90 t capacity) was 1:5. The effects of the related technological and structural factors were considered. These latest studies have revealed the flow and mixing characteristics of molten steel and the mass transfer features between molten steel and powder particles in these processes, and have provided a better understanding of the refining processes of molten steel.展开更多
过滤器内部的流场不均导致使用时容易产生局部堵塞,堵塞分布受入口流速、颗粒粒径、流线轨迹等因素的共同影响。该文以计算流体力学-离散元法(computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method,CFD-DEM)耦合模拟不同流量下Y型网...过滤器内部的流场不均导致使用时容易产生局部堵塞,堵塞分布受入口流速、颗粒粒径、流线轨迹等因素的共同影响。该文以计算流体力学-离散元法(computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method,CFD-DEM)耦合模拟不同流量下Y型网式过滤器内部不同粒径的沙粒运动及分布,分析过滤器内部流态对沙粒运动分布的影响并通过试验加以证明。结果表明,滤网两侧的压差占总压差的77%。网面流量呈阶梯分布,最大流量位于出口侧滤网上端,最低流量位于进口侧滤网中心,前者是后者的5.9倍;对于通过滤网的颗粒,入口流速越高,颗粒通过点越集中;对于拦截颗粒,当粒径接近孔径时,颗粒稳定附着在滤网,增加入口流速使颗粒向侧面滤网聚积并产生局部堵塞,粒径远大于孔径时,颗粒在内腔中不停运动,难以稳定附着在滤网;降低入口流速将提高颗粒分布的均匀程度,延长过滤器高效段时间,减少冲洗难度。展开更多
为了全面掌握不同热解条件下玉米芯的热解特性及热解过程中气相产物随温度变化的释放规律,深刻理解玉米芯的热解行为及反应机理,该文采用热重-质谱联用技术对玉米芯进行了氮气气氛下的热解特性试验研究,对比研究了不同升温速率(5、10...为了全面掌握不同热解条件下玉米芯的热解特性及热解过程中气相产物随温度变化的释放规律,深刻理解玉米芯的热解行为及反应机理,该文采用热重-质谱联用技术对玉米芯进行了氮气气氛下的热解特性试验研究,对比研究了不同升温速率(5、10、20℃/min)、不同粒度(74、154、280、450μm)、不同气体流速(30、60、90 m L/min)等因素对玉米芯热解行为的影响,发现非等温失重过程可分为4个阶段:失水、预热解过渡、挥发分析出和炭化阶段。通过质谱分析研究了热解过程小分子气相产物(CO、CO2、CH4、O2、H2、H2O)的释放规律,并计算了挥发分释放指数。升温速率升高,热解反应越易进行;在粒度小于450μm范围内,试样热解的总失重率随粒度的增大而增加,而且颗粒越大,挥发分产物开始逸出的温度越低。粒度为〉154-450μm的试样的热解过程主要受颗粒内部热传递影响,而粒度〈154μm的试样的热解主要受内在反应动力学速率控制;随着气体流速升高,试样热解的总失重率和初始温度增大,但增幅很小,最大失重速率对应的温度也有向高温段移动的趋势。利用Coats-Redfern方法计算出玉米芯的热解动力学参数,说明玉米芯热解的挥发分析出阶段可用单段一级反应描述。该研究对于优化以玉米芯为原料的热化学转化工艺参数和提高燃料产物的产量与品质等具有重要意义,对于设计和开发高效的生物质能转化设备也可提供参考。展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51974213 and 52174324)。
文摘In continuous casting production,droplet characteristics are important parameters for evaluating the nozzle atomization quality,and have a significant impact on the secondary cooling effect and the slab quality.In order to study the behavior of atomized droplets after reaching the slab surface and to optimize the spray cooling effect,the influence of droplet diameter and droplet velocity on the migration behavior of droplets in the secondary cooling zone was analyzed by FLUENT software.Results show that the droplets in the spray zone and on the slab surface are mainly concentrated in the center,thus,the liquid volume fraction in the center is higher than that of either side.As the droplet diameter increases,the region of high liquid volume fraction on the slab surface becomes wider,and the liquid phase distribution in the slab width direction becomes uneven.Although increasing the droplet velocity at the nozzle exit has little effect on droplet diffusion in the spray zone,the distribution becomes more uneven due to more liquid reaches the slab surface per unit time.A prediction formula of the maximum water flow rate on the slab surface for specific droplet characteristics was proposed based on dimensionless analysis and validated by simulated data.A nozzle spacing of 210 mm was recommended under the working conditions in this study,which ensures effective coverage of the spray water over the slab surface and enhances the distribution uniformity of water flow rate in the transverse direction.
基金financial support from the Science and Technology Service Network Initiative Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant no.KFJ-EW-STS-094-2)"Hundred Talents" Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Sulijun)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no.41201012, 51208218)the Hundred Young Talents Program of the Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment (grant no.SDSQB-2013-01)the Chinese Academy of Sciences Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists (grant no.2012T1Z0042)
文摘Granular mass flows (e.g., debris flows/avalanches) in landslide-prone areas are of great concern because they often cause catastrophic disasters as a result of their long run-out distances and large impact forces. To investigate the factors influencing granular mass flow mobility, experimental tests were conducted in a flume model. Granular materials consisting of homogeneous sand and non- homogeneous sandy soil were used for studying particle size effects. Run-out tests with variable flow masses, water contents, and sloping channel confinement parameters were conducted as well. The results indicated that granular mass flow mobility was significantly influenced by the initial water content; a critical water content corresponding to the smallest flow mobility exists for different granular materials. An increase in the total flow mass generally induced a reduction in the travel angle (an increase in flow mobility). Consistent with field observations, the travel angles for different granular materials decreased roughly in proportion to the logarithm of mass. The flume model tests illustrate that the measured travel angles increase as the proportion of fine particles increases. Interestingly, natural terrain possesses critical confinement characteristics for different granular mass flows.
文摘The available studies in the literature on physical modeling of the vacuum circulation (RH, i.e. Ruhrstahl Heraeus) refining process of molten steel have briefly been reviewed. The latest advances made by the author with his research group have been summarized. Water modeling was employed to investigate the flow and mixing characteristics of molten steel under the RH and RH KTB (Kawasaki top blowing) conditions and the mass transfer features between molten steel and powder particles in the RH PTB (powder top blowing) refining. The geometric similarity ratio between the model and its prototype (a multifunction RH degasser of 90 t capacity) was 1:5. The effects of the related technological and structural factors were considered. These latest studies have revealed the flow and mixing characteristics of molten steel and the mass transfer features between molten steel and powder particles in these processes, and have provided a better understanding of the refining processes of molten steel.
文摘超临界循环流化床锅炉将循环流化床(circulating fluidizedbed,CFB)燃烧技术与超临界蒸汽压力循环的优点相结合。水冷壁流量分配是超临界循环流化床锅炉运行的一个主要技术关键。该文建立了计算复杂流动网络系统回路流量及节点压力的数学模型,并对非线性方程组采用迭代方法进行求解。对一台600MW中低质量流速超临界循环流化床锅炉水冷壁流量分配及壁温分布进行计算,分析中低质量流速在超临界循环流化床中应用的优点。结果表明在锅炉最大连续蒸发量(boiler maximum continuous rating,BMCR)、50%BMCR及30%BMCR负荷下,水冷壁的流量偏差和热偏差较小,流量偏差最大为6.6%。各负荷下管壁温度均处于管子材料的允许温度之内。该文可为超临界CFB锅炉的设计提供参考。
文摘过滤器内部的流场不均导致使用时容易产生局部堵塞,堵塞分布受入口流速、颗粒粒径、流线轨迹等因素的共同影响。该文以计算流体力学-离散元法(computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method,CFD-DEM)耦合模拟不同流量下Y型网式过滤器内部不同粒径的沙粒运动及分布,分析过滤器内部流态对沙粒运动分布的影响并通过试验加以证明。结果表明,滤网两侧的压差占总压差的77%。网面流量呈阶梯分布,最大流量位于出口侧滤网上端,最低流量位于进口侧滤网中心,前者是后者的5.9倍;对于通过滤网的颗粒,入口流速越高,颗粒通过点越集中;对于拦截颗粒,当粒径接近孔径时,颗粒稳定附着在滤网,增加入口流速使颗粒向侧面滤网聚积并产生局部堵塞,粒径远大于孔径时,颗粒在内腔中不停运动,难以稳定附着在滤网;降低入口流速将提高颗粒分布的均匀程度,延长过滤器高效段时间,减少冲洗难度。
文摘为了全面掌握不同热解条件下玉米芯的热解特性及热解过程中气相产物随温度变化的释放规律,深刻理解玉米芯的热解行为及反应机理,该文采用热重-质谱联用技术对玉米芯进行了氮气气氛下的热解特性试验研究,对比研究了不同升温速率(5、10、20℃/min)、不同粒度(74、154、280、450μm)、不同气体流速(30、60、90 m L/min)等因素对玉米芯热解行为的影响,发现非等温失重过程可分为4个阶段:失水、预热解过渡、挥发分析出和炭化阶段。通过质谱分析研究了热解过程小分子气相产物(CO、CO2、CH4、O2、H2、H2O)的释放规律,并计算了挥发分释放指数。升温速率升高,热解反应越易进行;在粒度小于450μm范围内,试样热解的总失重率随粒度的增大而增加,而且颗粒越大,挥发分产物开始逸出的温度越低。粒度为〉154-450μm的试样的热解过程主要受颗粒内部热传递影响,而粒度〈154μm的试样的热解主要受内在反应动力学速率控制;随着气体流速升高,试样热解的总失重率和初始温度增大,但增幅很小,最大失重速率对应的温度也有向高温段移动的趋势。利用Coats-Redfern方法计算出玉米芯的热解动力学参数,说明玉米芯热解的挥发分析出阶段可用单段一级反应描述。该研究对于优化以玉米芯为原料的热化学转化工艺参数和提高燃料产物的产量与品质等具有重要意义,对于设计和开发高效的生物质能转化设备也可提供参考。