The Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum is natively distributed along the Pacific coast of Asia,where it is one of the most important bivalve species for local fisheries.This species has been intentionally introduced ...The Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum is natively distributed along the Pacific coast of Asia,where it is one of the most important bivalve species for local fisheries.This species has been intentionally introduced due to its high adaptability to various coastal environments and is currently widely cultivated in Europe and North America.We have initiated a selective breeding program to improve the growth rate of the Manila clam since 2007,and a full-sib family with orange shell color was selected.This family features high survival but slow growth.Thereafter,two generations of mass selection were conducted in this family by 10% upward selection for faster growth.In 2011,three types of lines were produced by selecting the breeder from the second-generation of selected lines.These lines are SS(subject to three generations of selection for growth in shell length),SC(selected for the second but not the third generation),and C(randomly sampled individuals from the national population).The genetic parameters of the shell length including hR^2(realized heritability),SR(selection response),and GG(genetic gain)were analyzed.Results showed that the shell length of the SS line was significantly larger than those of the SC and C lines at all developmental stages(P<0.05).For the larval stage,the values of hR^2,SR,and GG were 0.42,0.73,and 6.66,respectively.For the juvenile stage,the values of hR^2,SR,and GG were 0.40,0.69,21.76,respectively.For grow-out stage,the values of hR^2,SR,and GG were 0.48,0.83,and 18.22,respectively.The results of hR^2 indicated the good potential of the SS line in selective breeding.The level of GG improvement was encouraging and consistent with the previous expectations.No inbreeding depressions in the shell length were observed in the SS and SC lines at all sampling days.All of the results indicate that maintaining selection pressure in successive generations may be effective in the selective breeding program of this family.展开更多
The Pacific oyster,Crassostrea gigas,naturally distributing along the coast of northwest Pacific,is one of the most important bivalve species due to its high economic value and fecundity.In China,we have initiated a s...The Pacific oyster,Crassostrea gigas,naturally distributing along the coast of northwest Pacific,is one of the most important bivalve species due to its high economic value and fecundity.In China,we have initiated a selective breeding program on both shell color and growth rate of C.gigas since 2010.A black shell line was obtained through four-generation family selection.In this study,mass selection for growth improvement was conducted in the sixth generation and seventh generation of black shell lines.To assess the progress of potential genetic improvement,the progeny of two generations of black shell lines were selected to evaluate their shell heights via a 450-day farming experiment.As the results,after growing for 450 days,the sixth generation and seventh generation of selected lines were 9.03% and 11.42% larger than the control lines,respectively.During the grow-out stage,the genetic gain of two generations was 8.82%±0.18% and 11.54%±0.43%,respectively;and the corresponding realized heritability was 0.45±0.04 and 0.41±0.04,respectively.These results indicated that the mass selection for shell height achieved steady progress in the two generations of C.gigas.展开更多
Objective: Arthroscopic surgery is one of the most common surgical procedures in orthopedic surgery. Post-surgery weight gain is one of the most important factors that affects the functional outcomes of arthroscopic s...Objective: Arthroscopic surgery is one of the most common surgical procedures in orthopedic surgery. Post-surgery weight gain is one of the most important factors that affects the functional outcomes of arthroscopic surgery. This study investigated the effect of changes in the body mass index (BMI) in the period after arthroscopic surgery and the potential impact of these changes on functional outcomes. Methods: One hundred-sixty four patients (knee and hip arthroscopy patients) were evaluated retrospectively. Changes in the BMI and functional scores of the patients between the preoperative period and first, third, and sixth months postoperatively were compared. Results: The mean age of the patients was 36.03 (15 - 64) years, and the mean follow-up was 14.2 months (6 - 29) months. Postoperative increases in the BMI values in the first, third, and sixth months were statistically significant in the three groups of patients (i.e., meniscal pathology, ligament pathology, and intra-articular hip pathology) (p p = 0.564), meniscal pathology (p = 0.854), and ligament pathology groups (p = 0.908) were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Patients may gain weight following arthroscopic surgery of the knee and hip. Orthopedic surgeons should keep this issue in mind and educate patients about how to prevent potential weight gain to ensure it does not adversely affect functional outcomes.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the body mass index(BMI) change in arthroplasty patients and its impact on the patients' functional results. METHODS: Between October 2010 and May 2013, 606 patients who were operated due to gonar...AIM: To evaluate the body mass index(BMI) change in arthroplasty patients and its impact on the patients' functional results. METHODS: Between October 2010 and May 2013, 606 patients who were operated due to gonarthrosis, coxarthrosis, aseptic loosening of the total knee and hip prosthesis were evaluated prospectively. Patients were operated by three surgeons in three medical centers. Patients who were between 30-90 years of age and who were underwent total knee arthroplasty, total hip arthroplasty, revision knee arthroplasty, or revision hip arthroplasty were included in the study. We excluded the patients who cannot tolerate our standard postoperative rehabilitation program. Additionally, patients who had systemic inflammatory diseases, diabetes mellitus, or endochrinopathies were excluded from the study. The remaining 513 patients comprised our study group. Preoperative functional joint scores, height, weightand BMI of all patients were recorded. We used the Knee Society Score(KSS) for knee and Harris Hip Score(HHS) for hip patients. Postoperative functional scores were measured at 1^(st), 6^(th) and 12^(th) months and recorded separately at outpatient visits. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 64.7(range: 30-90) years(207 males/306 females) and the mean follow-up duration was 14.3(range: 12-26) mo. We found that arthroplasty patients had weight gain and had an increase in BMI at the postoperative 1^(st), 6^(th) and 12^(th) months. The mean BMI of the patients was 27.7 preoperatively, 27.8 at the postoperative 1^(st) month, 28.1 at the 6^(th) month and 28.6 at the 12^(th) month(P < 0.01). At the last visit, the mean postoperative HHS of the hip arthroplasty patients was 82.2 ± 7.12(preoperatively, 52.3; 1st month, 78.2; 6^(th) month, 81.1; 12^(th) month, 82.2), and the mean KSS of the knee arthroplasty patients was 79.3 ± 4.31(preoperatively, 35.8; 1^(st) month, 75.2; 6^(th) month, 79.1; 12^(th) month, 79.3). Worse functional results were noted in the patients who had a BMI increase, however, this correlation was statistically significant only at the postoperative 6^(th) month(P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: To prevent the negative functional effects of this weight gain during the postoperative period, arthroplasty patients should be advised for weight control and risky patients should consult with a dietician.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2018YFD0901404)Tianjin Agricultural Science and Technology Achievements Transformation and Promotion Project (No. 201903010)+2 种基金Tianjin Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research SystemAquaculture-Shellfish Breeding Positions (No. ITTFRS 2017013)Tianjin Major Project of Seed Science and Technology (No. 17ZXZYNC00020)Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System (No. CARS-49)
文摘The Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum is natively distributed along the Pacific coast of Asia,where it is one of the most important bivalve species for local fisheries.This species has been intentionally introduced due to its high adaptability to various coastal environments and is currently widely cultivated in Europe and North America.We have initiated a selective breeding program to improve the growth rate of the Manila clam since 2007,and a full-sib family with orange shell color was selected.This family features high survival but slow growth.Thereafter,two generations of mass selection were conducted in this family by 10% upward selection for faster growth.In 2011,three types of lines were produced by selecting the breeder from the second-generation of selected lines.These lines are SS(subject to three generations of selection for growth in shell length),SC(selected for the second but not the third generation),and C(randomly sampled individuals from the national population).The genetic parameters of the shell length including hR^2(realized heritability),SR(selection response),and GG(genetic gain)were analyzed.Results showed that the shell length of the SS line was significantly larger than those of the SC and C lines at all developmental stages(P<0.05).For the larval stage,the values of hR^2,SR,and GG were 0.42,0.73,and 6.66,respectively.For the juvenile stage,the values of hR^2,SR,and GG were 0.40,0.69,21.76,respectively.For grow-out stage,the values of hR^2,SR,and GG were 0.48,0.83,and 18.22,respectively.The results of hR^2 indicated the good potential of the SS line in selective breeding.The level of GG improvement was encouraging and consistent with the previous expectations.No inbreeding depressions in the shell length were observed in the SS and SC lines at all sampling days.All of the results indicate that maintaining selection pressure in successive generations may be effective in the selective breeding program of this family.
基金supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 3177 2843, 31741122)the Earmarked Fund for Agriculture Seed Improvement Project of Shandong Province (No. 2017LZGC009)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 201762014)
文摘The Pacific oyster,Crassostrea gigas,naturally distributing along the coast of northwest Pacific,is one of the most important bivalve species due to its high economic value and fecundity.In China,we have initiated a selective breeding program on both shell color and growth rate of C.gigas since 2010.A black shell line was obtained through four-generation family selection.In this study,mass selection for growth improvement was conducted in the sixth generation and seventh generation of black shell lines.To assess the progress of potential genetic improvement,the progeny of two generations of black shell lines were selected to evaluate their shell heights via a 450-day farming experiment.As the results,after growing for 450 days,the sixth generation and seventh generation of selected lines were 9.03% and 11.42% larger than the control lines,respectively.During the grow-out stage,the genetic gain of two generations was 8.82%±0.18% and 11.54%±0.43%,respectively;and the corresponding realized heritability was 0.45±0.04 and 0.41±0.04,respectively.These results indicated that the mass selection for shell height achieved steady progress in the two generations of C.gigas.
文摘Objective: Arthroscopic surgery is one of the most common surgical procedures in orthopedic surgery. Post-surgery weight gain is one of the most important factors that affects the functional outcomes of arthroscopic surgery. This study investigated the effect of changes in the body mass index (BMI) in the period after arthroscopic surgery and the potential impact of these changes on functional outcomes. Methods: One hundred-sixty four patients (knee and hip arthroscopy patients) were evaluated retrospectively. Changes in the BMI and functional scores of the patients between the preoperative period and first, third, and sixth months postoperatively were compared. Results: The mean age of the patients was 36.03 (15 - 64) years, and the mean follow-up was 14.2 months (6 - 29) months. Postoperative increases in the BMI values in the first, third, and sixth months were statistically significant in the three groups of patients (i.e., meniscal pathology, ligament pathology, and intra-articular hip pathology) (p p = 0.564), meniscal pathology (p = 0.854), and ligament pathology groups (p = 0.908) were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Patients may gain weight following arthroscopic surgery of the knee and hip. Orthopedic surgeons should keep this issue in mind and educate patients about how to prevent potential weight gain to ensure it does not adversely affect functional outcomes.
文摘AIM: To evaluate the body mass index(BMI) change in arthroplasty patients and its impact on the patients' functional results. METHODS: Between October 2010 and May 2013, 606 patients who were operated due to gonarthrosis, coxarthrosis, aseptic loosening of the total knee and hip prosthesis were evaluated prospectively. Patients were operated by three surgeons in three medical centers. Patients who were between 30-90 years of age and who were underwent total knee arthroplasty, total hip arthroplasty, revision knee arthroplasty, or revision hip arthroplasty were included in the study. We excluded the patients who cannot tolerate our standard postoperative rehabilitation program. Additionally, patients who had systemic inflammatory diseases, diabetes mellitus, or endochrinopathies were excluded from the study. The remaining 513 patients comprised our study group. Preoperative functional joint scores, height, weightand BMI of all patients were recorded. We used the Knee Society Score(KSS) for knee and Harris Hip Score(HHS) for hip patients. Postoperative functional scores were measured at 1^(st), 6^(th) and 12^(th) months and recorded separately at outpatient visits. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 64.7(range: 30-90) years(207 males/306 females) and the mean follow-up duration was 14.3(range: 12-26) mo. We found that arthroplasty patients had weight gain and had an increase in BMI at the postoperative 1^(st), 6^(th) and 12^(th) months. The mean BMI of the patients was 27.7 preoperatively, 27.8 at the postoperative 1^(st) month, 28.1 at the 6^(th) month and 28.6 at the 12^(th) month(P < 0.01). At the last visit, the mean postoperative HHS of the hip arthroplasty patients was 82.2 ± 7.12(preoperatively, 52.3; 1st month, 78.2; 6^(th) month, 81.1; 12^(th) month, 82.2), and the mean KSS of the knee arthroplasty patients was 79.3 ± 4.31(preoperatively, 35.8; 1^(st) month, 75.2; 6^(th) month, 79.1; 12^(th) month, 79.3). Worse functional results were noted in the patients who had a BMI increase, however, this correlation was statistically significant only at the postoperative 6^(th) month(P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: To prevent the negative functional effects of this weight gain during the postoperative period, arthroplasty patients should be advised for weight control and risky patients should consult with a dietician.
