Soft Tissue Feature Tracking Based on Deep Matching Network

Research in the field ofmedical image is an important part of themedical robot to operate human organs.Amedical robot is the intersection ofmulti-disciplinary research fields,in whichmedical image is an important direction and has achieved fruitful results.In this paper,amethodof soft tissue surface feature tracking basedonadepthmatching network is proposed.This method is described based on the triangular matching algorithm.First,we construct a self-made sample set for training the depth matching network from the first N frames of speckle matching data obtained by the triangle matching algorithm.The depth matching network is pre-trained on the ORL face data set and then trained on the self-made training set.After the training,the speckle matching is carried out in the subsequent frames to obtain the speckle matching matrix between the subsequent frames and the first frame.From this matrix,the inter-frame feature matching results can be obtained.In this way,the inter-frame speckle tracking is completed.On this basis,the results of this method are compared with the matching results based on the convolutional neural network.The experimental results show that the proposed method has higher matching accuracy.In particular,the accuracy of the MNIST handwritten data set has reached more than 90%.

Scenario Generation for Cooling,Heating,and Power Loads Using Generative Moment Matching Networks

Scenario generations of cooling,heating,and power loads are of great significance for the economic operation and stability analysis of integrated energy systems.In this paper,a novel deep generative network is proposed to model cooling,heating,and power load curves based on generative moment matching networks(GMMNs)where an auto-encoder transforms highdimensional load curves into low-dimensional latent variables and the maximum mean discrepancy represents the similarity metrics between the generated samples and the real samples.After training the model,the new scenarios are generated by feeding Gaussian noises to the scenario generator of the GMMN.Unlike the explicit density models,the proposed GMMN does not need to artificially assume the probability distribution of the load curves,which leads to stronger universality.The simulation results show that the GMMN not only fits the probability distribution of multiclass load curves very well,but also accurately captures the shape(e.g.,large peaks,fast ramps,and fluctuation),frequency-domain characteristics,and temporal-spatial correlations of cooling,heating,and power loads.Furthermore,the energy consumption of generated samples closely resembles that of real samples.

Automatic Matching of Multi-scale Road Networks under the Constraints of Smaller Scale Road Meshes

In this paper,we propose a new method to achieve automatic matching of multi-scale roads under the constraints of smaller scale data.The matching process is:Firstly,meshes are extracted from two different scales road data.Secondly,several basic meshes in the larger scale road network will be merged into a composite one which is matched with one mesh in the smaller scale road network,to complete the N∶1(N>1)and 1∶1 matching.Thirdly,meshes of the two different scale road data with M∶N(M>1,N>1)matching relationships will be matched.Finally,roads will be classified into two categories under the constraints of meshes:mesh boundary roads and mesh internal roads,and then matchings between the two scales meshes will be carried out within their own categories according to the matching relationships.The results show that roads of different scales will be more precisely matched using the proposed method.

A Compact Dual-Port Multi-Band Rectifier Circuit for RF Energy Harvesting

This paper presents a compact multi-band rectifier with an improved impedance matching bandwidth.It uses a combination of–matching network(MN)at Port-1,with a parallel connection of three cell branch MN at Port-2.The proposed impedance matching network(IMN)is adopted to reduce circuit complexity,to improve circuit performance,and power conversion efficiency(PCE)of the rectifier at low input power.The fabricated rectifier prototype operates at 0.92,1.82,2.1,2.46 and 2.65 GHz covering GSM/900,GSM/1800,UMTS2100,and Wi-Fi/2.45–LTE2600.The size of the compact rectifier on the PCB board is 0.13λ_(g)×0.1λ_(g).The fabricated rectifier achieved an RF-to DC(radio frequency direct current)PCE of 31.8%,24%,22.7%,and 15%,and 14.1%for−20 dBm at the five respective measured operating frequencies.The circuit attains a peak RF-to-DC PCE of 82.3%for an input power of 3 dBm at 0.92 GHz.The proposed rectifier realizes an ambient output dc voltage of 454 mV for multi-tone input signals from the two ports.The rectifier drives a bq25504-674 power management module(PMM)to achieve 1.21 V from the two-port connection.The rectifier has the ability to exploit both frequency domain through the multi-band operation with good impedance bandwidth and a spatial domain using dual-port configuration.Hence,it is a potential candidate for various applications in radio frequency energy harvesting(RFEH)system.

Design of a Five-Band Dual-Port Rectenna for RF Energy Harvesting

This paper proposed the design of a dual-port rectifier with multifrequency operations.The RF rectifier is achieved using a combination of L-section inductive impedance matching network(IMN)at Port-1 with a multiple stubs impedance transformer at Port-2.The fabricated prototype can harvest RF signal from GSM/900,GSM/1800,UMTS/2100,Wi-Fi/2.45 and LTE/2600 frequency bands at(0.94,1.80,2.10,2.46,and 2.63 GHz),respectively.The rectifier occupies a small portion of a PCB board at 0.20λg×0.15λg.The proposed circuit realized a measured peak RF-to-dc(radio frequency direct current)power conversion efficiency(PCE)of(21%,22.76%,25.33%,21.57%,and 22.14%)for an input power of−20 dBm.The RF harvester attains a measured peak RF-to-dc PCE of 72.70%and an output dc voltage of 154 mV for an input power of 3 dBm at 2.46 GHz.Measurement of the proposed rectifier in the ambiance gives a peak dc output voltage of 376.1 mV from the five signal tones.Similarly,a low-powered bq25504-674 evaluation module(EVM)is integrated with the rectifier.The module boost and drive the rectifier output dc voltage to 945 mV.The performance of the proposed rectifier in the ambiance environment makes it a suitable module for low-powered RF applications.

NOVEL ELECTRONIC TUNER USING VARACTORS FOR TUNABLE RF FRONT-ENDS

This paper presents a novel electronic tuner with high power handling capability utilizing varactors based on the asymmetric bilateral coupled microstrip transmission line. Through varying the bias voltage of the varactor at the Ultra High Frequency (UHF) band, the performance of the tuner is demonstrated according to simulated and measured results from several cases with the return loss (S11 ) below -20 dB and the insertion loss (S21 ) within ±0.5 dB. Compared with tuners using p and t network, electronic tuner of this paper shows superior frequency agility as well as wide impendence coverage. Advanced biasing structure has been developed to improve power handling for high power level applications. It is expected that the novel tuner would be part of intelligent Radio Frequency (RF) front-ends system and cognitive wireless system in the future.

Optimization of Bio-Implantable Power Transmission Efficiency Based on Input Impedance

Recently,the inductive coupling link is the most robust method for powering implanted biomedical devices,such as micro-system stimulators,cochlear implants,and retinal implants.This research provides a novel theoretical and mathematical analysis to optimize the inductive coupling link efficiency driven by efficient proposed class-E power amplifiers using high and optimum input impedance.The design of the coupling link is based on two pairs of aligned,single-layer,planar spiral circular coils with a proposed geometric dimension,operating at a resonant frequency of 13.56 MHz.Both transmitter and receiver coils are small in size.Implanted device resistance varies from 200Ωto 500Ωwith 50Ωof stepes.When the conventional load resistance of power amplifiers is 50Ω,the efficiency is 45%;when the optimum resonant load is 41.89Ωwith a coupling coefficient of 0.087,the efficiency increases to 49%.The efficiency optimization is reached by calculating the matching network for the external LC tank of the transmitter coil.The proposed design may be suitable for active implantable devices.

A Graphical Analysis on Compensation Designs of Large-gap CPT systems for EV Charging Applications

Capacitive power transfer(CPT)technology is a newly emerging research focus for EV charging applications.Due to the absence of eddy current loss and light weight of the capacitive coupling metal plates,CPT technology is considered to be a promising alternative to the inductive power transfer(IPT)technology.In this paper,the recent designs of large-gap CPT systems designed for EV charging applications are summarized.And a graphical method based on Smith chart is proposed to analyze the characteristics of the compensation designs.With the design objectives graphically represented,the Smith chart can be used to visually analyze the performance of a compensation design,which could be helpful in multi-objectives design of the CPT system.The graphic features of three major design objectives on the Smith chart are investigated.Several guidelines of a good compensation design are concluded.

An improved probabilistic relaxation method for matching multi-scale road networks

Matching multi-scale road networks in the same area is the first step in merging two road networks or updating one based upon the other.The quality of the merge or update depends greatly on the matching accuracy of the two road networks.We propose an improved probabilistic relaxation method,considering both local and global optimizations for matching multi-scale of road networks.The aim is to achieve local optimization,as well as to address the identification of the M:N matching pattern by means of inserting virtual nodes to achieve global optimization effects.Then,by adding two attribute-related evaluation indicators,we developed four evaluation indicators to evaluate the matching accuracy,considering both geographic and attribute information.This paper also provides instructions on how to identify the proper buffer threshold during matching procedures.Extensive experiments were conducted to compare the proposed method with the traditional approach.The results indicate that:(1)the overall matching accuracy of each evaluation indicator exceeds 90%;(2)the overall matching accuracy increases by 6–12%after an M:N matching pattern is added,and by 4–6%following the addition of topology indicators;and(3)the proper buffer threshold is about twice the average value of the closest distance from all nodes.

Optimal Design of Broadband Loaded Wire Antennas Based on Genetic Algorithm

This paper, using the frequency bandwidth, where both the gain and the VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) of a monopole can satisfy the design requirement, as object function, mainly describes the process, in which the load locations, the matching network topology and their component values are optimized by the AGA (Adaptive Genetic Algorithm), to achieve a gain more than -2 dB in horizontal direction and a VSWR less than 3 in bandwidth as wide as possible. Moreover the design results are presented for monopoles with two concentrated loadings. It shows that the AGA is an effective method for designing wideband antennas.

Design of a 40-GHz LNA in 0.13-μm SiGe BiCMOS

A low-noise amplifier （LNA） operated at 40 GHz is designed. An improved cascode configuration is proposed and the design of matching networks is presented. Short-circuited coplanar waveguides （CPWs） were used as inductors to achieve a high Q-factor. The circuit was fabricated in a 0.13-μm SiGe BiCMOS technology with a transistor transit frequency fT of 103 GHz. The chip area is 0.21mm^2. The LNA has one cascode stage with a-3 dB bandwidth from 34 to 44 GHz. At 40 GHz, the measured gain is 8.6dB; the input return loss, S11, is -16.2dB; and the simulated noise figure is 5 dB. The circuit draws a current of only 3 mA from a 2.5 V supply.

Design and analysis of a highly-integrated CMOS power amplifier for RFID readers

To implement a fully-integrated on-chip CMOS power amplifier（PA） for RFID readers,the resonant frequency of each matching network is derived in detail.The highlight of the design is the adoption of a bonding wire as the output-stage inductor.Compared with the on-chip inductors in a CMOS process,the merit of the bondwire inductor is its high quality factor,leading to a higher output power and efficiency.The disadvantage of the bondwire inductor is that it is hard to control.A highly integrated class-E PA is implemented with 0.18-μm CMOS process.It can provide a maximum output power of 20 dBm and a 1 dB output power of 14.5 dBm.The maximum power-added efficiency（PAE） is 32.1%.Also,the spectral performance of the PA is analyzed for the specified RFID protocol.