Effects of Material Physical Properties on White-rot Fungi Mycelial Growth

[ Objective] The research aimed to study effects of material physical properties on white-rot fungi mycelial growth and provide theoretical basis for further expanding the application range of white-rot fungi. [ Method Four common species of white-rot fungi were cultivated by wood meal fowl dung mixture in test tube and culture dishes. The relationship between physical properties of culture material and the growth of these mycelials were studied. [Result] The results showed the water retention capacity of culture material was decreased with the increasing of its grain size and porosity, but the decrease of its specific gravity reduced the material water retention. And the dehydration rate of medium prepared with these materials at the same moisture conditions tended to increase. These physical properties of material, such as grain size, specific gravity, porosity, water retention and water drainage, influenced the growth of white-rot fungi mycelial by affecting the moisture and ventilation condition of media. The results hinted that above material physical properties had feedback effects on the growth of white-rot fungi mycelia. [ Conclution] Physical properties of culture material have significant effects on the growth of white-rot fungi mycelial.

Structure and physical properties of the Earth's interior

The studies on the structure and physical properties of the Earths interior done by Chinese geophysicists from 1999 to 2002 were reviewed in this paper. It includes several research areas: the structure of the Earths interiors using seismic tomography, anisotropy of the upper mantle in China and its adjacent areas, quality factor Qb for S waves, subduction zone, mantle discontinuities, physical properties of Earths materials and others. The review concerns mainly the contents, the methods and the results of the studies. It can be seen that new progress in the study on the structure and physical properties of the Earths interior has been made in the last 4 years in China. It is shown on three aspects: advancement made on some preexistent areas; pioneering on some new fields and new methods adopted.

Applications of low temperature calorimetry in material research

Low temperature calorimetry is an experimental method of heat capacity measurements, and heatcapacity is one of the most important and fundamental thermodynamic properties of substances. Theheat capacity can provide an average evaluation of the thermal property of a sample since it is a bull（property of substances. In the other hand, the condensed states of substances could be mainly controlledby the molecular motions, intermolecular interactions, and interplay among molecular structures. Thephysical property reflected in a material may be closely related to the energy changes in these threefactors, which can be directly observed in a heat capacity curve. Therefore, low temperature calorimetryhas been used not only to obtain heat capacity, entropy, enthalpy and Gibbs free energy, but also toinvestigate and understand lattice vibrations, metals, superconductivity, electronic and nuclearmagnetism, dilute magnetic systems and structural transitions. In this review, we have presented theconcept of low temperature calorimetry and its applications in the related field of material researches,such as nano-materials, magnetic materials, ferroelectric materials, phase change materials and othermaterials.