Study on regional material flow analysis of Chengyang District in Qingdao

Base on the framework of material flow analsis （MFA） proposed by Eurostat, this paper collected related data and conducted a regional MFA for the Chengyang Districgt in Qingdao. The indicators such as Direct Material Input（DMI）, Direct Material Consumption （DMC） and Exports are calculated or estimated for the period of year 1995 through 2004. Several derivable iudicators defining direct material productivity and material intenstiy are also evaluated and some valuable conclusions were drawn. DMI in absolute number increased from about 1645.9 kilotons in 1995to about 8052.5 kilotons in 2004. Imports contribute to about 47 to 69% of DMI, and the biggest component of imports is fossil fuel that approximatley accounts far 50% of imnports. DMI per capita of Chengyang District increased rapidly and reached 17. 4 tons in 2004. Compared with other five economies studied by WRI, material consumption intensity of Chengyang District is significantly lower than developed countries, which indicates that Chengyang District is still in a development stage The direct material productivity （actual GDP per DMI） increased 59.1% from 1995 to 2004 and has been higher than either of stadies in China, which indicates efficiency of resources utilization has improved obviously in Chengyang District. But there was significant increase in material input in the last decade, which shows that rapid increase of economy is highly dependent on requirement and consumption of natural resources. Therefore, in order to promote the sustainahility, it is essential to develop circular economy and improve utilization efficiency of resources.

Current status and future trends for material flow analysis applications at CSC

Material Flow Analysis(MFA) is a crucial instrument for sustainable development and creating industrial ecology system.MFA studies could balance and analyze the sources,flows,and consumes of specific materials or substances.The results of MFA studies could support the strategies or decisions making for energy, resource,and waste management,especially achieving sustainable resource management.At CSC,the dynamic simulating software,STELLA,is used to develop a MFA model for scenario analysis.CSC also uses the freeware STAN 2.0 as a tool for visualizing and simulating material flows and stocks.Case studies of greenhouse gases MFA for integrated steel works are conducted.The results showed that the carbon content of hot-metal is an important hidden flow for balance analysis,and the different GHG emission scenarios and mitigation action scenarios are assessed.In addition,the Iron-making GHG I/O MFA Model,based on worldsteel Global Steel Sector Approach(GSSA),is developed for calculating the CO_2 and energy intensity of coke making,sintering,and BF processes.This MFA model was used to analyze the CO_2 reduction potential for iron-making process.The cases conducted for MFA applications at CSC were such as greenhouse gas,zinc,etc.In the future,CSC is going to develop a 'CSC Environment Management and Decision Supporting System' which combine MFA,LCA(life cycle assessment),and environment risk assessment.This supporting system expects to promoting energy efficiency and best resource use,supporting environment policymaking,creating environmental information value,etc.

Preliminary Research on Regional Material Flow Analysis:A Case Study of Chengyang District in Qingdao

The method ＂Material Flow Analysis （MFA）＂ is one of the effective tools to study law and quantification of material flow between economic system and ecological system. On the national level, economy-wide material flow analysis has been published for a number of countries. However, published studies on the regional or local level are still very limited and a standardized method does not exist yet. On the basis of framework of Material Flow Analysis proposed by Eurostat, the paper collected related data and analyzed material input and output for the Chengyang district in Qingdao. The results showed that DMI （Direct Material Input） and TMR （Total Material Requirement） in absolute number increased about 3.6 and 3.9 times, respectively from 1995 to 2004. Fossil fuel and mineral contributed to about 50.3%-76.3% of DMI. Imports of material increased about 5.0 times and became the most important Contributor to DMI, which showed that local economic growth was highly dependent on resources from other regions and countries. DPO （Domestic Processed Output） and TDO （Total Domestic Output） represent slow increasing trend, and DPO contributed to 22.2%-58.1% of TDO, suggesting local hidden flows were of obvious effect on TDO. The biggest component of DPO is CO2, approximately accounting for 90% of DPO. The material productivity increased 57.7% in last decade, reflecting improvement of efficiency of resources utilization in some extent. However, compared to developed countries and regions, material productivity of Chengyang district was relatively low. Therefore, in order to promote the sustainability, it is essential to develop circular economy and enhance materials productivity.

Enhancing wood efficiency through comprehensive wood flow analysis:Methodology and strategic insights

Wood,an essential natural resource in human civilization,remains widely used despite advances in technology and material substitution.The surge in greenhouse gas emissions and environmental concerns accentuates the need for optimizing wood utilization.Material flow analysis is a powerful tool for tracking material flows and stocks,aiding resource management and environmental decision-making.However,the full extent of its methodological dimensions,particularly within the context of the wood supply chain,remains relatively unexplored.In this study,we delve into the existing literature on wood flow analysis,discussing its primary objectives,materials involved,temporal and spatial scales,data sources,units,and conversion factors.Additionally,data uncertainty,data reconciliation and crucial assumptions in material flow analysis are highlighted in this paper.Key findings reveal the significance of wood cascading and substitution effects by replacing non-wood materials,where they can reduce greenhouse gas emissions more than the natural carbon sink of forests and wood products.The immediate impact of short-term wood cascading might not be as robust as the substitution effect,with energy substitution showcasing better results than material substitution.However,it's crucial to note that these conclusions could experience significant reversal from a long-term and global perspective.Strategies for improving wood efficiency involve maximizing material use,advancing construction technologies,extending product lifespans,promoting cascade use,and optimizing energy recovery processes.The study underscores the need for standardized approaches in wood flow analysis and emphasizes the potential of wood efficiency strategies in addressing environmental challenges.

Decomposition Analysis on Direct Material Input and Dematerialization of Mining Cities in Northeast China

Material dematerialization is a basic approach to reduce the pressure on the resources and environment and to realize the sustainable development. The material flow analysis and decomposition method are used to calculate the direct material input (DMI) of 14 typical mining cities in Northeast China in 1995–2004 and to analyze the demateri- alization and its driving factors in the different types of mining cities oriented by coal, petroleum, metallurgy and multi-resources. The results are as follows: 1) from 1995 to 2006, the increase rates of the DMI and the material input intensity of mining cities declined following the order of multi-resources, metallurgy, coal, and petroleum cities, and the material utilizing efficiency did following the order of petroleum, coal, metallurgy, and multi-resources cities; 2) during the research period, all the kinds of mining cities were in the situation of weak sustainable development in most years; 3) the pressure on resources and environment in the multi-resources cities was the most serious; 4) the petro- leum cities showed the strong trend of sustainable development; and 5) in recent years, the driving function of eco- nomic development for material consuming has continuously strengthened and the controlling function of material utilizing efficiency for it has weakened. The key approaches to promote the development of circular economy of min- ing cities in Northeast China are put forward in the following aspects: 1) to strengthen the research and development of the technique of resources’ cycling utilization, 2) to improve the utilizing efficiency of resources, and 3) to carry out the auditing system of resources utilization.

Material flow analysis(MFA)of an eco-economic system:a case study of Wujin District,Changzhou,China

The economic and ecological aspects of a social system are coherently linked and can be examined by its material and energy flows.In this study,we used the material flow analysis(MFA)to model the material input and output of the Wujin District of Changzhou City,Jiangsu Province in China.It was revealed that:(1)total material input and material input per capita increased with economic development,while the total material out-put and material output per capita decreased consistently;(2)except for water,the total material input continued to increase.Input of solid materials grew faster than that of gaseous materials,while the total material output declined.The gas output accounted for the largest pro-portion of the output resulting in primary environmental pollution as burned fossil fuel;(3)water use in agriculture continued with an increasing trend while that in industrial and residential sectors decreased per capita.The total wastewater discharge and wastewater discharge per capita decreased with a faster decreasing rate of residential was-tewater discharge followed by industrial wastewater discharge;(4)material input per unit GDP fluctuated and material output per unit GDP decreased.A decreasing trend in both water use and wastewater discharge per unit GDP was disclosed.These results suggest that the efficiency of resource use in the Wujin District has improved.This weakened the direct link between economic development and environmental deterioration.Additionally,we discussed the harmonic development between environment and economy.Potential limitations of MFA’s application were also discussed.It is suggested that effective measures should be taken for the enforcement of cir-cular economic strategies and the construction of a resource-saving economy.

End-of-life batteries management and material flow analysis in South Korea

Consumers increasingly have worn-out batteries as electrical and electronic equipment with new technical developments are introduced into the market and quickly replace older models. As a result, large amounts of end-of-life （EOL） or waste batteries are generated. Such batteries may contain a variety of materials that includes valuable resources as well as toxic elements. Thus, the proper recycling and management of batteries is very important from the perspective of resource conservation and environmental effect. The collection and recycling of EOL batteries is relatively low in South Korea compared to other countries, although an extended producer responsibility （EPR） policy was adopted for battery recycling in 2003. In this study, the management and material flow of EOL batteries is presented to determine potential problems and quantitative flow, based on literature review, site visits to battery recycling facilities, and interviews with experts in the Korea Battery Recycling Association （KBRA）, manufacturers, and regulators in government. The results show that approximately 558 tons of manganese-alkaline batteries, the largest fraction among recycling target items, was disposed in landfills or incinerators in 2015, while approximately 2,000 tons of batteries were recovered at a recycling facility by simple sorting and crushing processes. By raising environmental awareness, more diverse and effective collection systems could be established for consumers to easily dispose of EOL batteries in many places. Producers, retailers and distributors in South Korea should also play an important role in the collection of EOL batteries from consumers. Lithium-ion batteries from many electronic devices must be included in the EPR system for resource recovery.

A research of material input and environmental impact for Chinese economy:1990-2005

The process of economic activities is on the basis of tremendous material inputs.China has been discharging an enormous amount of waste,giving rise to a wide range of environmental impacts.The method of economy-wide material flow analysis(EW-MFA)is one of the effective tools to examine the flow of materials entering physical economies,and recognize early environmental problems.Relevant researches are still at the early stage in China and most focus on material throughput but are rarely concerned about the utilization of recycling resource and environmental impact.Based on more than 3,000 items of data related,materials entering Chinese economy are classified into three types,and then the characteristics of material input and environmental impact are presented for the years 1990-2005 by using the indicators derived from EW-MFA.The Ratio of Recycled Material(RRM) is added as the new indicator in order to be in accordance with the need of circular economy being promoted in China.Results show that the great changes in the structure of material input cause the continuous increase of industrial solid waste emissions and the bogging down of material productivity.The RRM reveals that the utilization of recycling resources remains at a fairly low level in China.Finally,some weakness of EW-MFA is discussed according to the calculated results.

基于EW-MFA方法的我国1990—2003年资源利用与环境影响特征研究

运用经济系统物质流分析方法(economy-wide material flow analysis,EW-MFA),分析1990—2003年我国国家层面资源利用与环境影响的2 600多个数据,得出1990—2003年间我国资源利用和环境影响特征.在选取EW-MFA传统分析指标基础上,结合我国发展循环经济的需求和循环经济自身特点,增加了资源循环利用率新指标.研究表明:我国资源利用中直接物质投入量和国内物质输出量随GDP增长呈线性增长趋势.近年来,我国资源生产率出现低位下降,而循环利用率处于较低的水平,与日本的差距日益扩大;我国单位GDP的环境负荷略有下降,但经济的大规模发展造成环境总负荷上升.

基于MFA和DEA的区域经济环境效率评价——以辽宁省为例

对经济与环境效率的科学评价是实现区域可持续发展的前提。运用物质流分析将辽宁省经济系统中数据进行物质化处理,再利用改进的数据包络分析模型对环境和经济效率进行综合评价。结果表明:辽宁省物资消费不主要依赖于进口,向其它地区物质输出量大;环境效率评价的综合效率主要受规模因素影响而显著低于纯技术效率,而整体经济的综合效率却主要受纯技术效率影响而下降。第二产业比重依然偏大的产业结构特征是导致上述结果的主因。进一步改造提升传统产业,发展战略性新兴产业,提高第三产业发展水平,扩大环保规模,促进居民生活质量水平全面提升,将是辽宁省以及与之相似的资源依赖型区域可持续发展的方向。

基于MFA的青岛市城阳区物质代谢研究

基于欧盟的物质流分析(MFA)框架,对青岛市城阳区的物质代谢状态和代谢强度进行了系统分析.结果表明:1995─2004年城阳区资源投入量和污染物排放量分别增长3.6和1.8倍,化石燃料和矿物约占资源投入量的50.26%~76.30%,进口资源量所占比例呈逐年增长趋势,经济发展的资源外部依赖性较强.万元GDP资源投入由6.01 t降至3.56 t,万元GDP污染物排放量也降低了63.74%,表明城阳区经济发展的资源利用效率和生态效率已有不同程度的提高,但仍远高于发达国家20世纪末期的水平,因此提高资源生产力和控制污染物排放是实现城阳区可持续发展的必由之路.

基于MFA的1995-2005年中国物质投入与环境影响研究

运用物质流分析(Material Flow Analysis,MFA)方法,并在欧盟MFA指标体系的基础上增加了资源循环利用新指标,收集并分析了1995-2005年中国经济系统的物质投入和环境影响的2000多个数据,得到1995-2005年中国直接物质投入量与物质投入结构、国内物质输出量与污染排放结构、物质流强度的变化。结果表明:十年来中国直接物质投入量与国内物质输出量增长均随GDP增长呈线性增长趋势;由于直接物质投入量的资源投入结构发生的巨大变化,导致工业固体废弃物的排放量不断增长;资源生产率出现低位下降;2005年中国资源循环利用率首次突破5%,但总体水平仍然低下。最后在计算结果基础上,指出MFA方法存在的不足之处。

基于MFA的区域循环经济评价指标体系研究

发展循环经济是实现城市可持续发展、保持经济长远稳定发展的战略选择。物质流分析方法为资源、废弃物和环境管理提供了方法学上的决策支持工具,也为区域循环经济的评价与研究提供了新的思路。为了更好地推动城市循环经济建设的发展,文章探讨了循环经济评价指标体系的构建原则,依据物质流分析方法,结合现实情况建立了区域循环经济指标体系,并对主要指标进行了分析。

基于MFA和DEA的煤炭资源效率测算方法的研究

本文把MFA和DEA方法进行了系统的整合,并结合生态效率评价法,探讨了一种全要素资源效率视角下的煤炭资源效率的测算方法;该方法以人力资源、资本资源、煤炭资源和煤炭资源的生态包袱为投入指标以及以投入指标所创造的价值和环境影响为产出指标,并根据中国1991-2011年的煤炭资源相关数据进行了实证研究,获得了关于中国煤炭资源效率在1991-2011年的总体状况、演进趋势、面临瓶颈、改进方向等方面的概要描述和评析。本文的研究为我国煤炭资源效率的测算提供了一种比较科学的方法。通过实证检验表明,该方法在理论上和实践上均具有可行性。该方法可以有效地满足煤炭资源效率的测算和评析,从而为我国提升煤炭资源效率、制定相关政策提供决策参考和支持。

基于MFA的兰州市经济增长与环境压力关系变化分解分析

基于物质流分析方法,采用以物质投入与消耗为表征的环境压力函数,结合"修正后的Laspeyres方法"并运用结构分解分析模型,分析了兰州市19902004年经济增长与环境压力之间的时序关系及其变化趋势和各驱动因素对它的影响程度.结果表明:随着兰州市经济的快速增长,直接物质投入与国内物质消费总体呈上升趋势,由物质投入与消耗所产生的环境压力主要是由经济增长过程中自然资源的消耗所致.人口因素和经济增长因素对环境压力的增大具有正向效应,技术因素对它则具有负向效应,人口因素对它的影响程度相对较小且比较稳定,而经济增长因素与技术因素的影响更为显著.

基于MFA方法的陕西省物质减量化分析

运用MFA方法,依据欧盟统计局推荐的MFA基本指标和Schmidt-Bleek关于可持续发展的指标,设计了5类9个指标及7种可以直接采集数据的变量;在分析陕西省1996年～2003年生产、消费领域的物质输入、输出量的相关数据的基础上,推导并描述了陕西省当前发展阶段的物质输入、输出相关变量的函数关系；预测了陕西省物质输入、输出的发展态势.进一步证明了下述结论：①陕西省经济增长方式表现出典型的粗放型特征；②陕西省经济发展的弱可持续性趋势明显；③陕西省物质减量的潜力巨大.认为如果陕西省不从根本上改变现行经济增长方式,物质生产力将面临持续下降趋势。因此，发展循环经济,转变经济增长方式,实行源头控制,以期减少物质投入,提高物质利用强度,是陕西省实现可持续发展的根本途径。

基于MFA的生态工业园区物质代谢研究方法探析

物质流分析(Material Flow Analysis,MFA)是国家尺度物质代谢研究的重要手段。首先对国内外不同地域尺度下MFA的研究现状进行了概述总结;在此基础上,从工业区内的企业及其所形成的工业共生网络(Industrial Symbiosis Networks,ISNs)物质核算入手,针对如何在生态工业园区(Eco-Industrial Parks,EIPs)尺度开展物质代谢研究进行了详细论述,并通过引入部门间实物型投入产出表(Physical Input-Output Table,PIOT)对该尺度MFA的核算方法进行了改进,最终构建了EIPs-MFA模型及指标体系。以期为生态工业园区实践中的规划与管理提供方法指导。

Vibrational power flow analysis on combined plates partially covered layer of discontinuous material

Vibrational power flow on combined plates with a change in mass and stiffness or with viscoelastic damping layer used widely in engineering is studied. The expressions of flexural displacement and other physical quantities are obtained using Laplace transformation and transfer matrix approach, then influences of changes in mass and stiffness of discontinuous material and the free damping layer on the input power flow and the transmitted power flow are discussed. The conclusions provide theory basis for structural optimization design and reducing noise and vibration

基于MFA/LCA的典型有色金属生产环境负荷评价与优化

有色金属生产、消费和循环利用是一个复杂的非线性系统,与其相关的资源消耗及其产生的环境影响很难预测。近年来,物质流分析和生命周期评价方法在有色金属行业循环经济和可持续发展研究领域发展迅速。它们作为定量化的决策分析工具,不仅能够为企业技术升级改造提供可行的建议和措施,还能为行业宏观节能减排目标的实现程度提供评判依据。阐述了物质流分析和面向流程的生命周期评价方法的主要观点、理论基础、研究思路和框架,以铝、镁、铜、铅、锌等为例,对上述方法在典型有色金属生产中的应用进行了总结和分析,并对其在有色金属工业节能减排中的进一步研究予以讨论和展望。

基于MFA的区域循环经济评价指标体系研究

物质流分析方法为资源、废弃物和环境管理提供了方法学上的决策支持工具,也为区域循环经济的评价与研究提供了新的思路。探讨了循环经济评价指标体系的构建原则,依据物质流分析方法,结合现实情况建立区域循环经济指标体系,并对主要指标进行分析,以期更好地推动城市循环经济的发展。