In experiments searching for rare signals,background events from the detector itself are some of the major factors limiting search sensitivity.Screening for ultra-low radioactive detector materials is becoming ever mo...In experiments searching for rare signals,background events from the detector itself are some of the major factors limiting search sensitivity.Screening for ultra-low radioactive detector materials is becoming ever more essential.We propose to develop a gaseous time projection chamber(TPC)with a Micromegas readout for radio screening.The TPC records three-dimensional trajectories of charged particles emitted from a flat sample placed in the active volume of the detector.The detector can distinguish the origin of an event and identify the particle types with information from trajectories,which significantly increases the screening sensitivity.For a particles from the sample surface,we observe that our proposed detector can reach a sensitivity higher than 100 l Bq m-2 within two days.展开更多
Materials development has historically been driven by human needs and desires, and this is likely to con- tinue in the foreseeable future. The global population is expected to reach ten billion by 2050, which will pro...Materials development has historically been driven by human needs and desires, and this is likely to con- tinue in the foreseeable future. The global population is expected to reach ten billion by 2050, which will promote increasingly large demands for clean and high-ef ciency energy, personalized consumer prod- ucts, secure food supplies, and professional healthcare. New functional materials that are made and tai- lored for targeted properties or behaviors will be the key to tackling this challenge. Traditionally, advanced materials are found empirically or through experimental trial-and-error approaches. As big data generated by modern experimental and computational techniques is becoming more readily avail- able, data-driven or machine learning (ML) methods have opened new paradigms for the discovery and rational design of materials. In this review article, we provide a brief introduction on various ML methods and related software or tools. Main ideas and basic procedures for employing ML approaches in materials research are highlighted. We then summarize recent important applications of ML for the large-scale screening and optimal design of polymer and porous materials, catalytic materials, and energetic mate- rials. Finally, concluding remarks and an outlook are provided.展开更多
A large database is desired for machine learning(ML) technology to make accurate predictions of materials physicochemical properties based on their molecular structure.When a large database is not available,the develo...A large database is desired for machine learning(ML) technology to make accurate predictions of materials physicochemical properties based on their molecular structure.When a large database is not available,the development of proper featurization method based on physicochemical nature of target proprieties can improve the predictive power of ML models with a smaller database.In this work,we show that two new featurization methods,volume occupation spatial matrix and heat contribution spatial matrix,can improve the accuracy in predicting energetic materials' crystal density(ρ_(crystal)) and solid phase enthalpy of formation(H_(f,solid)) using a database containing 451 energetic molecules.Their mean absolute errors are reduced from 0.048 g/cm~3 and 24.67 kcal/mol to 0.035 g/cm~3 and 9.66 kcal/mol,respectively.By leave-one-out-cross-validation,the newly developed ML models can be used to determine the performance of most kinds of energetic materials except cubanes.Our ML models are applied to predict ρ_(crystal) and H_(f,solid) of CHON-based molecules of the 150 million sized PubChem database,and screened out 56 candidates with competitive detonation performance and reasonable chemical structures.With further improvement in future,spatial matrices have the potential of becoming multifunctional ML simulation tools that could provide even better predictions in wider fields of materials science.展开更多
Functional materials are widely used in chemical industry in order to reduce the process cost while simultaneously increase the product quality.Considering their significant effects,systematic methods for the optimal ...Functional materials are widely used in chemical industry in order to reduce the process cost while simultaneously increase the product quality.Considering their significant effects,systematic methods for the optimal selection and design of materials are essential.The conventional synthesis-and-test method for materials development is inefficient and costly.Additionally,the performance of the resulting materials is usually limited by the designer’s expertise.During the past few decades,computational methods have been significantly developed and they now become a very important tool for the optimal design of functional materials for various chemical processes.This article selectively focuses on two important process functional materials,namely heterogeneous catalyst and gas separation agent.Theoretical methods and representative works for computational screening and design of these materials are reviewed.展开更多
基金the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2016YFA0400302)the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(Nos.11775142 and U1965201)the Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Particle Physics(CCEPP).
文摘In experiments searching for rare signals,background events from the detector itself are some of the major factors limiting search sensitivity.Screening for ultra-low radioactive detector materials is becoming ever more essential.We propose to develop a gaseous time projection chamber(TPC)with a Micromegas readout for radio screening.The TPC records three-dimensional trajectories of charged particles emitted from a flat sample placed in the active volume of the detector.The detector can distinguish the origin of an event and identify the particle types with information from trajectories,which significantly increases the screening sensitivity.For a particles from the sample surface,we observe that our proposed detector can reach a sensitivity higher than 100 l Bq m-2 within two days.
文摘Materials development has historically been driven by human needs and desires, and this is likely to con- tinue in the foreseeable future. The global population is expected to reach ten billion by 2050, which will promote increasingly large demands for clean and high-ef ciency energy, personalized consumer prod- ucts, secure food supplies, and professional healthcare. New functional materials that are made and tai- lored for targeted properties or behaviors will be the key to tackling this challenge. Traditionally, advanced materials are found empirically or through experimental trial-and-error approaches. As big data generated by modern experimental and computational techniques is becoming more readily avail- able, data-driven or machine learning (ML) methods have opened new paradigms for the discovery and rational design of materials. In this review article, we provide a brief introduction on various ML methods and related software or tools. Main ideas and basic procedures for employing ML approaches in materials research are highlighted. We then summarize recent important applications of ML for the large-scale screening and optimal design of polymer and porous materials, catalytic materials, and energetic mate- rials. Finally, concluding remarks and an outlook are provided.
基金support from the Ministry of Education(MOE) Singapore Tier 1 (RG8/20)。
文摘A large database is desired for machine learning(ML) technology to make accurate predictions of materials physicochemical properties based on their molecular structure.When a large database is not available,the development of proper featurization method based on physicochemical nature of target proprieties can improve the predictive power of ML models with a smaller database.In this work,we show that two new featurization methods,volume occupation spatial matrix and heat contribution spatial matrix,can improve the accuracy in predicting energetic materials' crystal density(ρ_(crystal)) and solid phase enthalpy of formation(H_(f,solid)) using a database containing 451 energetic molecules.Their mean absolute errors are reduced from 0.048 g/cm~3 and 24.67 kcal/mol to 0.035 g/cm~3 and 9.66 kcal/mol,respectively.By leave-one-out-cross-validation,the newly developed ML models can be used to determine the performance of most kinds of energetic materials except cubanes.Our ML models are applied to predict ρ_(crystal) and H_(f,solid) of CHON-based molecules of the 150 million sized PubChem database,and screened out 56 candidates with competitive detonation performance and reasonable chemical structures.With further improvement in future,spatial matrices have the potential of becoming multifunctional ML simulation tools that could provide even better predictions in wider fields of materials science.
文摘Functional materials are widely used in chemical industry in order to reduce the process cost while simultaneously increase the product quality.Considering their significant effects,systematic methods for the optimal selection and design of materials are essential.The conventional synthesis-and-test method for materials development is inefficient and costly.Additionally,the performance of the resulting materials is usually limited by the designer’s expertise.During the past few decades,computational methods have been significantly developed and they now become a very important tool for the optimal design of functional materials for various chemical processes.This article selectively focuses on two important process functional materials,namely heterogeneous catalyst and gas separation agent.Theoretical methods and representative works for computational screening and design of these materials are reviewed.