Evolution and Risk Factors of Maternal Mortality in Cameroon: A Case Control Study

Background: Maternal mortality is still high in sub-Saharan Africa, especially in Cameroon where more efforts to reduce maternal mortality and provide universal access to reproductive health should be made. This study aims to see the evolution of maternal mortality and identify associated risk factors in Laquintinie hospital in Cameroon. Methods: A manual review of records for 166 maternal deaths (cases) and 322 controls was undertaken using a standard audit form. The sample included pregnant women aged 16 - 46 years admitted at the maternity of Laquintinie Hospital in Douala, Cameroon from January 2017 to December 2022. Software SSPS 3 and Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze data. Results: One hundred and sixty-six (166) maternal deaths were identified during the study period for 14,114 live births, representing a maternal mortality ratio of 1176/100,000 live births. Factors significantly associated with maternal mortality included: young age (15 - 24 years) (aOR 0.11, 95% CI 0.00 - 0.76, p = 0.037), Alcohol intake (aOR 22.79, 95% CI 1.04 - 501.3, p = 0.047), Abortion or ectopic pregnancy (aOR 61.53, 95% CI 1.29 - 2927.3, p = 0.037), having no antenatal visits (aOR 388.3 95% CI 5.6 - 2675.9, p = 0.006), being admitted with hemorrhage (aOR 343.7, 95% CI 16.2 - 7276.0, p ,713.0, 95% CI 128.2 - 5,989,223.3, p CI 0.00 - 0.18, p = 0.016). Conclusion: Despite slight decrease in maternal mortality, early diagnosis of pregnancy and good Antenatal care associated with maternal health education are important factors for reducing maternal mortality. Young women were the most affected. Singles, alcoholics, women with a no or only primary education level, and referred women represented the majority of deceased cases.

Risk factors for liver-related mortality in chronic hepatitis C patients:A deceased case-living control study

AIM: To investigate the risk factors for liver-related mortality in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients.

Risk factors for delayed intracranial hemorrhage secondary to ventriculoperitoneal shunt:A retrospective study

BACKGROUND Delayed intracranial hemorrhage(DICH),a potential complication of ventriculoperitoneal(VP)shunts,has been associated with high mortality,but its risk factors are still unclear.AIM To investigate the risk factors of DICH after VP shunts.METHODS We compared the demographic and clinical characteristics of DICH and non-DICH adult patients with VP shunts between January 2016 and December 2020.RESULTS The 159 adult VP shunt patients were divided into 2 groups according to the development of DICH:the DICH group(n=26)and the non-DICH group(n=133).No statistically significant difference was found in age,sex,laboratory examination characteristics or preoperative modified Rankin Scale(mRS)score between the DICH and non-DICH groups(P>0.05);however,a history of an external ventricular drain(EVD)[P=0.045;odds ratio(OR):2.814;95%CI:1.024-7.730]and postoperative brain edema around the catheter(P<0.01;OR:8.397;95%CI:3.043-23.171)were associated with a high risk of DICH.A comparison of preoperative mRS scores between the DICH group and the non-DICH group showed no significant difference(P=0.553),while a significant difference was found in the postoperative mRS scores at the 3-mo follow-up visit(P=0.024).CONCLUSION A history of EVD and postoperative brain edema around the catheter are independent risk factors for DICH in VP shunt patients.DICH patients with a high mRS score are vulnerable to poor clinical outcomes.

Maternal Mortality Risk Factors in Regional Hospital of Burkina Faso

Individual causes and community determinants are synergic in maternal death occurrence. This study aimed to identify maternal mortality risk factors in a regional hospital. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study from data of 1807 hospitalized women. To identify maternal mortality risks factors, mortality hazard ratio (HR CI95%) has been calculated in univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazard model. Results: During hospitalization, 30 maternal deaths occurred. From Cox regression, adjusted mortality HR confirmed that women age older than 35 (HR = 2.5, CI95%: [1.2-5.7] and younger than 19 (HR = 3.02, CI95%: [1.5-6.7]);distance to hospital ≥10 Km (HR = 4.1, CI95%: [1.8-9.4];multiple deliveries (HR = 2.4, CI95%: [1.1-7.3]), less ante natal care (<3 visits) (HR = 3.03, CI95%: [0.97-9.48]);obstetrical maternal mortality directs causes (HR = 2.31, CI95%: [1.7-6.21]) and emergently reference (HR = 3.5, CI95%: [1.8-8.32]) were maternal mortality risk factors. Conclusion: In this regional hospital of low income country, identified maternal mortality factors are related to women socio-economic determinants and quality prenatal or obstetric care access. Interventions to reduce maternal mortality rate should be conducted within both household and women socio-economic status development and in maternal health and obstetric care strengthening.

Relationship between different sources of drinking water,water quality improvement and gastric cancer mortality in Changle County--A retrospectivecohort study in high incidence area

IM To investigate the relationship between different sources of drinking water supply, water quality improvement and gastric cancer mortality rate in a high risk area.METHODS A retrospectivecohort survey was carried out in all towns of this county to study the effect of different sources of drinking water supply and water quality improvement on gastric cancer mortality rate.RESULTS The gastric cancer mortality rate among the population 12405/105 drinking river water was obviously higher than that of drinking shallow well water (7485/105) (P<001) according to the Zhanggang Town 16 years accumulated data. The same pattern was presented in 7 towns after balancing the confounders. The gastric cancer mortality rate of population drinking river water was 8603/105, which was higher than those drinking shallow well water (6203/105) and tap water (2978/105) (P<001). When the drinking water switched from river and well water to tap water, the gastric cancer incidence decreased to 3033/105 and 2610/105, and the gastric cancer mortality decreased by 59% and 57% respectively.CONCLUSION The quality of drinking water is one of the important factors of increased incidence of gastric cancer in Changle County, and water quality improvement has a beneficial effect, but the cause of high gastric cancer incidence may be multifactorial in this area..

Risk factors associated with intraoperative persistent hypotension in pancreaticoduodenectomy

BACKGROUND Intraoperative persistent hypotension(IPH)during pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD)is linked to adverse postoperative outcomes,yet its risk factors remain unclear.AIM To clarify the risk factors associated with IPH during PD,ensuring patient safety in the perioperative period.METHODS A retrospective analysis of patient records from January 2018 to December 2022 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University identified factors associated with IPH in PD.These factors included age,gender,body mass index,American Society of Anesthesiologists classification,comorbidities,medication history,operation duration,fluid balance,blood loss,urine output,and blood gas parameters.IPH was defined as sustained mean arterial pressure<65 mmHg,requiring prolonged deoxyepinephrine infusion for>30 min despite additional deoxyepinephrine and fluid treatments.RESULTS Among 1596 PD patients,661(41.42%)experienced IPH.Multivariate logistic regression identified key risk factors:increased age[odds ratio(OR):1.20 per decade,95%confidence interval(CI):1.08-1.33](P<0.001),longer surgery duration(OR:1.15 per additional hour,95%CI:1.05-1.26)(P<0.01),and greater blood loss(OR:1.18 per 250-mL increment,95%CI:1.06-1.32)(P<0.01).A novel finding was the association of arterial blood Ca^(2+)<1.05 mmol/L with IPH(OR:2.03,95%CI:1.65-2.50)(P<0.001).CONCLUSION IPH during PD is independently associated with older age,prolonged surgery,increased blood loss,and lower plasma Ca^(2+).

Clinical and pathological features and risk factors for primary breast cancer patients

BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women all around the world.According to the latest statistics in 2018,there were more than 2.08 million new breast cancer cases all around the world and more than 620000 deaths;the proportion of breast cancer deaths in women with cancer is 15%.By studying age,clinicopathological characteristics and molecular classification,age at menarche,age at birth,number of births,number of miscarriages,lactation time,surgical history of benign breast lesions,history of gynecological diseases,and other factors,we retrospectively summarized and compared the disease history of patients with primary breast cancer and patients with benign thyroid tumors admitted to our hospital in the past 10 years to explore the clinicopathological characteristics and risk factors for primary breast cancer.AIM To investigate the clinical and pathological features and risk factors for primary breast cancer treated at our center in order to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer in the Zhuhai-Macao region.METHODS Through a retrospective case-control study,149 patients with primary breast cancer diagnosed and treated at Zhuhai Hospital of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2013 to March 2020 were included as a case group,and 165 patients with benign breast tumors diagnosed and treated from January 2019 to March 2020 were included as a control group.The data collected included age,age at menarche,age at first birth,number of births,number of miscarriages,lactation time,history of surgery for benign breast lesions,history of familial malignant tumors,history of gynecological diseases,history of thyroid diseases,and the tumor characteristics of the patients in the case group including pathological diagnosis,pathological type,tumor size,lymph node metastasis,distant metastasis,stage,and molecular classification,among others.In the case group,the chi-square test was used to analyze the clinical and pathological features of patients in three age groups(<40,40-59,and≥60 years).A multifactor logistic regression analysis was used to analyze correlations between the two groups.RESULTS Among 149 patients with primary breast cancer,the average age was 48.20±12.06 years,and the proportion of patients at 40-59 years old was the highest,accounting for 61.8%of cases.The molecular type was mainly luminal B type,accounting for 69.2%of cases,and at the time of diagnosis,the tumor stage was mainly stage I/II,accounting for 62.4%of cases.There were no statistically significant differences in the distributions of tumor location,pathological type,tumor size,lymph node metastasis,stage,or molecular classification among the three age groups(<40,40-59,and≥60 years)(P≥0.05).The differences in the distribution of distant metastasis among the three age groups(<40,40-59,and≥60 years)were statistically significant(P<0.01).The differences in lactation time,history of familial malignant tumors,history of gynecological diseases,and history of thyroid diseases between the two groups were not statistically significant(P≥0.05).The differences in age at disease diagnosis,age at menarche,and history of surgery for benign breast lesions were statistically significant(P<0.01).The difference in age at first birth was also statistically significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The highest incidence of breast cancer in the Zhuhai-Macao region is present among women aged 40-59 years.There is a larger proportion of stage I/II patients,and the luminal B type is the most common molecular subtype.Distant metastasis occurs mainly in the≥60-year-old group at the first diagnosis;increased age,late age at menarche,and late age at first birth may be risk factors for primary breast cancer,and a history of surgery for benign breast lesions may be a protective factor for primary breast cancer.

Risk factors and antibiotic resistance of pneumonia caused by multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in pediatric intensive care unit

With beta-lactam drugs and immunosuppressants widely used, the infection caused by Acinetobacter baumannfi （Ab） has become more and more serious with multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannfi （MDRAb） emerging and worsening rapidly. Compared with other patients, the incidence and multidrug resistance of MDRAb are higher in children in pediatric intensive care unit （PICU） because of immune deficiency, severe basic diseases, prolonged hospitalization and invasive operations. Hence it is significant to study the epidemiology and changes of antibacterial susceptibility in order to reduce the incidence of MDRAb in children. A total 115 patients with MDRAb pneumonia and 45 patients with negative MDRAb （NMDRAb） pneumonia who had been treated from January 2009 to August 2011 were studied retrospectively at the PICU of Wuhan Children＇s Hospital. Clinical data were analyzed with univariate and multivariate Logistic regression. In 176 clinical strains of Acinetobacter baumannfi isolated, there were 128 strains of MDRAb, accounting for 72.73%. Drug susceptibility tests showed that the resistance rates of 13-1actam antibiotics were more than 70% except for cefoperazone sulbactam. The rates to carbapenems were higher than 90%. They were significantly higher than those of NMDRAb. Amikacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and minocycline had the lowest drug-resistance rates （〈20%）. Multivariate Logistic regression revealed that ICU stay, the time of mechanical ventilation, anemia, hypoproteinemia and the use of carbapenems were independent risk factors for MDRAb pneumonia. MDRAb is an important opportunistic pathogen to pneumonia in PICU, and its drug-resistance is severe. It increases significantly the mortality of patients. It is important to take the effective prevention measures for controlling it.

Malignancy risk factors and prognostic variables of pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasms in Chinese patients

BACKGROUND Pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasms(MCNs)represent one of the precursor lesions of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma,and their detection has been facilitated by advances in preoperative imaging.Due primarily to the rarity of MCNs,however,there is limited knowledge regarding the prognostic variables and high-risk factors for malignant transformation.A more comprehensive and nuanced approach is necessary to fill this gap and provide a basis for improved treatment decisions and patient outcomes.AIM To investigate the high-risk factors associated with malignant MCNs and to explore the prognostic factors of MCN with associated invasive carcinoma(MCNAIC).METHODS All cases of resected MCNs from a single high-volume institution between January 2012 and January 2022 were retrospectively reviewed.Only cases with ovarian-type stroma verified by progesterone receptor staining were included.Preoperative features,histological findings and postoperative course were documented.Multivariate logistic regression was employed to investigate variables related to malignancy.Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier curve,and the prognostic factors were assessed to evaluate the postoperative course of patients with MCN-AIC.RESULTS Among the 48 patients,36 had benign MCNs,and 12 had malignant MCNs(1 high-grade atypical hyperplasia and 11 MCN-AIC).Age,tumour size,presence of solid components or mural nodules and pancreatic duct dilatation were identified as independent risk factors associated with malignancy.The follow-up period ranged from 12 mo to 120 mo,with a median overall survival of 58.2 mo.Only three patients with MCN-AIC died,and the 5-year survival rate was 70.1%.All 11 cases of MCN-AIC were stage I,and extracapsular invasion was identified as a prognostic factor for poorer outcomes.CONCLUSION The risk factors independently associated with malignant transformation of MCNs included age,tumour size,presence of solid components or mural nodules,and pancreatic duct dilatation.Our study also revealed that encapsulated invasion was a favourable prognostic factor in MCN-AIC patients.

Identification of independent risk factors for intraoperative gastroesophageal reflux in adult patients undergoing general anesthesia

BACKGROUND Gastroesophageal reflux(GER)affects up to 20%of the adult population and is defined as troublesome and frequent symptoms of heartburn or regurgitation.GER produces significantly harmful impacts on quality of life and precipitates poor mental well-being.However,the potential risk factors for the incidence and extent of GER in adults undergoing general anesthesia remain unclear.AIM To explore independent risk factors for the incidence and extent of GER during general anesthesia induction.METHODS A retrospective study was conducted,and 601 adult patients received general anesthesia intubation or laryngeal mask surgery between July 2016 and January 2019 in Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University.This study recruited a total of 601 adult patients undergoing general anesthesia,and the characteristics of patients and the incidence or extent of GER were recorded.The potential risk factors for the incidence of GER were explored using multivariate logistic regression,and the risk factors for the extent of GER were evaluated using multivariate linear regression.RESULTS The current study included 601 adult patients,82 patients with GER and 519 patients without GER.Overall,we noted significant differences between GER and non-GER for pharyngitis,history of GER,other digestive tract diseases,history of asthma,and the use of sufentanil(P<0.05),while no significant differences between groups were observed for sex,age,type of surgery,operative time,body mass index,intraoperative blood loss,smoking status,alcohol intake,hypertension,diabetes mellitus,psychiatric history,history of respiratory infection,history of surgery,the use of lidocaine,palliative strategies,propofol,or rocuronium bromide,state anxiety inventory,trait anxiety inventory,and selfrating depression scale(P>0.05).The results of multivariate logistic regression indicated that female sex[odds ratio(OR):2.702;95%confidence interval(CI):1.144-6.378;P=0.023],increased age(OR:1.031;95%CI:1.008-1.056;P=0.009),pharyngitis(OR:31.388;95%CI:15.709-62.715;P<0.001),and history of GER(OR:11.925;95%CI:4.184-33.989;P<0.001)were associated with an increased risk of GER,whereas the use of propofol could protect against the risk of GER(OR:0.942;95%CI:0.892-0.994;P=0.031).Finally,age(P=0.004),operative time(P<0.001),pharyngitis(P<0.001),history of GER(P=0.024),and hypertension(P=0.017)were significantly associated with GER time.CONCLUSION This study identified the risk factors for GER in patients undergoing general anesthesia including female sex,increased age,pharyngitis,and history of GER.

Patients with brain metastases from gastrointestinal tract cancer treated with whole brain radiation therapy:Prognostic factors and survival

AIM: To identify the prognostic factors with regard to survival for patients with brain metastasis from primary tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. METHODS: Nine hundred and sixteen patients with brain metastases, treated with whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) between January 1985 and December 2000 at the Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Freiburg, were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Fifty-seven patients presented with a primary tumor of the gastrointestinal tract (esophagus: n=0, stomach: n=10, colorectal: n=47). Twenty-six patients had a solitary brain metastasis, 31 patients presented with multiple brain metastases. Surgical resection was performed in 25 patients. WBRT was applied with daily fractions of 2 Gray (Gy) or 3Gy to a total dose of 50Gy or 30Gy, respectively. The interval between diagnoses of the primary tumors and brain metastases was 22.6mo vs 8.0mo for patients with primary tumors of the colon/rectum vs other primary tumors, respectively (P<0.01, log-rank). Median overall survival for all patients with brain metastases (n=916) was 3.4mo and 3.2mo for patients with gastrointestinal neoplasms. Patients with gastrointestinal primary tumors presented significantly more often with a solitary brain metastasis than patients with other primary tumors (P<0.05, log-rank). In patients with gastrointestinal neoplasms (n=57), the median overall survival was 5.8 mo for patients with solitary brain metastasis vs 2.7mo for patients with multiple brain metastases (P<0.01, log-rank). The median overall survival for patients with a Karnofsky performance status (KPS) ≥70 was 5.5mo vs 2.1mo for patients with KPS <70 (P<0.01, log-rank). At multivariate analysis (Cox Model) the performance status and the number of brain metastases were identified as independent prognostic factors for overall survival. CONCLUSION: Brain metastases occur late in the course of gastrointestinal tumors. Pretherapeutic variables like KPS and the number of brain metastases have a profound influence on treatment outcome.

Crohn's disease and risk of fracture: does thyroid disease play a role?

AIM: To assess the role of thyroid disease as a risk for fractures in Crohn's patients.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 1998 to 2000. The study group consisted of 210 patients with Crohn's disease. A group of 206 patients without inflammatory bowel disease served as controls. Primary outcome was thyroid disorder. Secondary outcomes included use of steroids, immunosuppressive medications, surgery and incidence of fracture.RESULTS: The prevalence of hyperthyroidism was similar in both groups. However, the prevalence of hypothyroidism was lower in Crohn's patients (3.8 % vs 8.2 %, P=0.05).Within the Crohn's group, the use of immunosuppressive agents (0 % vs11 %), steroid usage (12.5 % vs37 %), small bowel surgery (12.5 % vs 28 %) and large bowel surgery (12.5 % vs27 %) were lower in the hypothyroid subset as compared to the euthyroid subset. Seven (3.4 %) Crohn'spatients suffered fracture, all of whom were euthyroid.CONCLUSION: Thyroid disorder was not found to be associated with Crohn's disease and was not found to increase the risk for fractures. Therefore, screening for thyroid disease is not a necessary component in the management of Crohn's disease.

Biliary complications in recipients of living donor liver transplantation:A single-centre study

BACKGROUND Biliary complications(BCs)after liver transplantation(LT)remain a considerable cause of morbidity,mortality,increased cost,and graft loss.AIM To investigate the impact of BCs on chronic graft rejection,graft failure and mortality.METHODS From 2011 to 2016,215 adult recipients underwent right-lobe living-donor liver transplantation(RT-LDLT)at our centre.We excluded 46 recipients who met the exclusion criteria,and 169 recipients were included in the final analysis.Donors’and recipients’demographic data,clinical data,operative details and postoperative course information were collected.We also reviewed the management and outcomes of BCs.Recipients were followed for at least 12 mo post-LT until December 2017 or graft or patient loss.RESULTS The overall incidence rate of BCs including biliary leakage,biliary infection and biliary stricture was 57.4%.Twenty-seven(16%)patients experienced chronic graft rejection.Graft failure developed in 20(11.8%)patients.A total of 28(16.6%)deaths occurred during follow-up.BCs were a risk factor for the occurrence of chronic graft rejection and failure;however,mortality was determined by recurrent hepatitis C virus infection.CONCLUSION Biliary complications after RT-LDLT represent an independent risk factor for chronic graft rejection and graft failure;nonetheless,effective management of these complications can improve patient and graft survival.

老年急性心肌梗死患者并发心源性休克的危险因素及预后分析

目的探讨老年急性心肌梗死患者并发心源性休克的危险因素及预后。方法回顾性分析2020年1月至2023年12月沈阳市第十人民医院重症医学科收治的急性心肌梗死患者398例,根据住院期间是否发生心源性休克分为心源性休克组99例和对照组299例。比较2组临床特征,分析心源性休克的危险因素,并探讨心源性休克对患者预后的影响。结果与对照组比较,心源性休克组年龄≥80岁、糖尿病、冠状动脉病变支数≥2支、冠状动脉左主干病变、既往心肌梗死病史比例显著增高(P<0.05,P<0.01)。年龄≥80岁、糖尿病、冠状动脉病变支数≥2支、冠状动脉左主干病变、既往心肌梗死病史是老年急性心肌梗死患者并发心源性休克的独立危险因素(OR=2.280,95%CI:1.294~4.017,P=0.004;OR=2.326,95%CI:1.281~4.225,P=0.006;OR=3.868,95%CI:2.145~6.975,P=0.000;OR=3.587,95%CI:1.868~6.886,P=0.000;OR=4.040,95%CI:1.951~8.365,P=0.000)。根据相关危险因素,构建预测模型,训练集ROC曲线下面积为0.799(95%CI:0.736~0.862),验证集ROC曲线下面积为0.737(95%CI:0.634~0.840)。对验证集模型进行Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验(χ^(2)=7.117,P=0.524),说明本模型具有较好的可信度。与对照组比较,心源性休克组院内病死率显著升高(12.12%vs 0.67%,P=0.000)。结论心源性休克可导致老年急性心肌梗死患者预后不良,年龄≥80岁、糖尿病、冠状动脉病变支数≥2支、冠状动脉左主干病变、既往心肌梗死病史是心源性休克的独立危险因素。

艾烟暴露对针灸师四种呼吸疾病的影响:一项回顾性队列研究

目的:探讨艾烟暴露对针灸师患慢支炎、鼻炎、肺炎、支气管炎等呼吸疾病的影响。方法:采用回顾性研究方法,收集在岗1年以上针灸师的健康资料,包括一般情况,艾烟暴露情况,工作以来患慢支炎、鼻炎、肺炎、支气管炎的健康诊断资料。以针灸工作中一半及以上时间开展艾灸治疗且没有或很少时间使用无烟灸(无烟灸具)的针灸师作为艾烟暴露组,其他针灸师为艾烟未暴露组。比较两组针灸师的一般资料、4种呼吸疾病患病率,并分析影响针灸师患呼吸疾病的因素。采用卡方检验进行患病率的单因素比较,采用多元Logistic回归模型,分析艾烟暴露对呼吸疾病患病率的影响。结果:共756例针灸师资料纳入研究,其中暴露组518例,未暴露组238例。与未暴露组比较,暴露组慢支炎、肺炎、鼻炎的患病率无差异,支气管炎患病率增高(P<0.05),年龄分层后,两组间4种呼吸疾病患病率无差异。多元Logistic回归分析显示,艾烟暴露与慢支炎、鼻炎、肺炎均不相关,风险值无统计学意义。艾烟暴露是支气管炎的危险因素(OR:1.683,95%CI:1.015-2.790,P=0.043)。家族胸科疾病史是针灸师患慢支炎(OR:7.450,95%CI:2.810-19.749,P=0.000)、鼻炎(OR:1.790,95%CI:1.226-2.612,P=0.003)、肺炎(OR:2.901,95%CI:1.689-4.983,P=0.000)和支气管炎(OR:2.034,95%CI:1.291-3.206,P=0.002)的危险因素。结论:艾烟暴露对针灸师慢支炎、鼻炎、肺炎患病率无影响,艾烟对针灸师无明显职业危害。

风痰阻络型急性缺血性脑卒中病人血脂、血凝水平与脑卒中进展的关系

目的:研究风痰阻络型急性缺血性脑卒中病人血脂、血凝水平与脑卒中进展的关系。方法:通过采集医院电子病例系统信息和电话随访的方式收集2020年1月1日—2020年12月31日于北京中医药大学东直门医院通州院区脑病科入院治疗的缺血性脑卒中病人453例,分为风痰阻络型组(299例)和非风痰阻络型组(154例)。收集病人的一般资料,统计分析两组进展性脑卒中的发生率。对比分析风痰阻络证进展性脑卒中与非进展性脑卒中病人血脂、凝血指标及与脑卒中进展的相关性。结果:风痰阻络型组进展性脑卒中115例,非进展性脑卒中184例,脑卒中进展发生率为38.5%;非风痰阻络型组进展性脑卒中43例,非进展性脑卒中111例,脑卒中进展发生率为27.9%。风痰阻络证组脑卒中进展发生率明显高于非风痰阻络证组(χ^(2)=4.971,P=0.026)。风痰阻络证进展性脑卒中组与非进展性脑卒中组总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白与风痰阻络型脑卒中进展呈正相关(r=0.145,P=0.016;r=0.127,P=0.034)。结论:风痰阻络证脑卒中进展发生率明显高于非风痰阻络证。总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白升高是导致脑卒中进展的直接相关因素,在临床诊治风痰阻络型进展性脑卒中病人时需要严格控制好病人胆固醇及低密度脂蛋白水平。

慢性乙型病毒性肝炎患者随访25年长期预后分析

目的探讨慢性乙型病毒性肝炎(慢乙肝)患者年龄对其肝硬化、肝癌发病率的影响。方法检索1995-1998年于深圳市中医院住院的慢乙肝患者,按照患者年龄,分为高龄组和低龄组,通过HIS系统长期随访,使用SPSS、R语言计算患者随访25年肝硬化、肝癌累积发病率并进行组间比较,使用多因素logistic回归探讨危险因素。结果随访期间279例慢乙肝患者进展为肝硬化24例、肝癌12例。肝硬化5、10、15、20年及25年肝硬化累积发病率,低龄组为分别1.5%、2.1%、5.4%、11.6%、15.5%,高龄组为5.5%、9.8%、22.9%、29.0%、52.1%。两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);共2个危险因素(年龄、随访时间)纳入回归模型。低龄组2例分别在随访17、21年进展为肝癌;高龄组5、10、15、20年及25年累积发病率为1.8%、3.8%、18.5%、21.8%、26.7%;共5个因素(初始年龄、HBV-DNA载量、终点前HBV-DNA转阴、随访时间及性别)纳入回归模型。结论初始年龄≥40岁的慢乙肝患者,尤其男性患者,其肝硬化、肝癌的发病率明显高于低龄患者,及时启动抗病毒治疗可延缓疾病进展,降低终末肝病发病率。对于30~40岁的人群是否应启动抗病毒治疗仍有待研究。

探索骨盆与下肢骨折患者术前深静脉血栓的危险因素

目的探索引起骨盆与下肢骨折患者术前深静脉血栓(DVT)的危险因素。方法采用回顾性队列研究,分析2017年1月至2021年12月在上海交通大学医学院附属第六人民医院急诊重症监护病房住院治疗的774例骨盆与下肢骨折患者临床资料,采用修正泊松回归分析可疑暴露因素是否为骨盆与下肢骨折患者术前发生DVT的独立危险因素。根据独立危险因素构建列线图预测模型并进行内部验证,以评价其区分度、校准度和临床适用性。结果骨盆骨折患者509例,97例(19.057%)出现DVT;骨盆合并膝关节以下骨折患者79例,21例(26.582%)出现DVT;骨盆合并股骨骨折患者186例,61例(32.796%)出现DVT。分析结果显示骨盆合并股骨骨折[调整后的相对危险度(ARR)=1.619,95%CI 1.223~2.144,P=0.001]、急诊腹部手术(ARR=1.924,95%CI 1.098~3.372,P=0.022)、体重指数≥24 kg/m^(2)(ARR=1.382,95%CI 1.072~1.783,P=0.013)、创伤严重度评分(ISS)≥25分(ARR=1.439,95%CI 1.082~1.913,P=0.012)、年龄40~59岁(ARR=1.594,95%CI 1.104~2.300,P=0.013)以及年龄≥60岁(ARR=1.868,95%CI 1.279~2.730,P=0.001)为骨盆与下肢骨折患者术前发生DVT的独立危险因素;据此所构建的列线图模型对预测DVT风险以及判断是否应该采取干预措施有一定的实用价值。结论骨盆与下肢骨折患者有发生DVT的风险,骨盆合并股骨骨折、经历急诊腹部手术、BMI≥24 kg/m^(2)、ISS≥25分、年龄≥40岁是骨盆与下肢骨折患者术前发生DVT的危险因素,对具有上述特征的患者应高度重视并及时采取适当的DVT防治措施。

兰州市城关区中老年人群恶性肿瘤发病与死亡情况及其危险因素的队列研究

目的分析2011-2021年兰州市城关区中老年人群恶性肿瘤的发病与死亡情况,并探讨其相关危险因素。方法采用兰州地区REACTION研究数据,从2011年4月通过整群抽样对兰州市城关区的3个社区开展流行病学调查,目标人群为40岁以上的中老年居民,并于2014-2016年和2021年先后开展两次随访调查,最终纳入资料完整的6543人。计算恶性肿瘤的发病率及死亡率,以及两者的标化率,其中标化率参考Segi's世界标准人口年龄构成。采用多因素Cox回归模型分析筛选影响恶性肿瘤发病与死亡的危险因素。结果在平均随访10.6年后,兰州市城关区中老年居民新发恶性肿瘤314例,发病率和标化率分别为454.30/10万和128.93/10万;因恶性肿瘤死亡158例,死亡率和标化率分别为228.41/10万和60.79/10万;男性恶性肿瘤的标化发病率和标化死亡率均高于女性(P<0.05)。随访期间总人群恶性肿瘤的标化发病率呈上升趋势(P<0.05),而标化死亡率在短暂上升后缓慢下降(P<0.05)。肺癌、结直肠癌、胃癌及肝癌是位居不同性别发病和死亡前5位的主要恶性肿瘤类型。多因素Cox回归模型结果显示,男性、年龄≥60岁、大专及以上文化水平、吸烟史、饮酒史、遭受过重大打击事件、中心性肥胖、高血压、冠心病是恶性肿瘤发病或死亡的危险因素(HR>1),已婚、家庭人口数≥4、经常食用新鲜水果、经常食用新鲜蔬菜、经常食用谷物及薯类是恶性肿瘤发病或死亡的保护性因素(HR<1)。结论2011-2021年兰州市城关区中老年人群恶性肿瘤的发病率呈上升趋势,但死亡率整体趋于下降。对高龄人群早期进行肿瘤筛查、保持健康的生活方式以及加强慢性疾病的管理对恶性肿瘤的防治至关重要。

嘉兴市静脉血栓栓塞症患病率及流行病学特征研究

背景 静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)已成为继缺血性心脏病、脑卒中后位居第三的常见心血管疾病。自2018年“全国肺栓塞和深静脉血栓形成防治能力建设项目”正式启动以来,医务人员对VTE重视程度提高,VTE筛查率也明显增加。然而,VTE相关的流行病学调查多局限于单中心研究,仍然缺乏大规模,包含不同级别、不同性质医疗机构的VTE患病率调查数据。目的 了解嘉兴市VTE的患病率和流行病学特征,为进一步做好本地区VTE防治工作提供依据。方法 纳入2021年嘉兴市所有二级及以上医疗机构731 755例出院诊断为VTE的患者为研究对象,收集患者一般资料和反映医院收治患者数量与诊疗技术难度的疾病诊断相关分组指标。采用多元线性回归分析探究医院VTE患者数量的影响因素。结果 依据纳入、排除标准,VTE患者共计10 758例,患者中位年龄71(62,79)岁。综合性医院VTE患者例数最多,达到9 732例(90.46%),精神专科医院例数最少,为53例(0.49%)。三级医院VTE患者例数高于二级医院[7 929例(73.70%)比2 829例(26.30%)]。综合性医院VTE患者占出院人次比例最高,为1.85%,妇幼保健院最低,为0.10%;三级医院VTE患者占出院人次比例高于二级医院,分别为1.80%、0.97%。不同年龄组VTE患病率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=32 383.098,P<0.001)。不同年龄组两两间比较,高年龄组VTE患病率均高于低年龄组(P<0.05)。15~44岁男性VTE患病率明显高于女性(P<0.001)。手术治疗是VTE患者危险因素分布排名第1位的危险因素,其次为伴有恶性肿瘤。多元线性回归分析结果显示,权重(RW)≥2例数是VTE患者数量的影响因素(P<0.001),RW≥2例数每增加1例,VTE例数增加0.363例。结论 嘉兴市VTE患病率为199.2/10万,疾病负担已经达到甚至超过西方国家。VTE发生的重点风险人群为行手术治疗、伴有恶性肿瘤等合并症的高龄患者。应进一步提高本地区综合性医院VTE防治水平,并且提升中医医院、妇幼保健院、精神专科医院对VTE规范化防治的参与度与重视程度。