A new insight into cattle's maternal origin in six Asian countries

The domestication of cattle fuelled the development of agricultural society in the history of human being. The evolution and genetic relationship of cattle can be elucidated by investigating the variation of mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） D-loop sequence. In this study, we built a cattle phylogeny with a pool of 856 individual D-loop sequences, of which 264 Chinese cattle D-loop sequences were obtained in this study （141 ones were first analyzed, and 123 were first submitted） and the rest sequences of cattle from six Asian countries （Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Nepal, India and China） were retrieved from GenBank. Our results indicated that cattle from six Asian eounlries fell into three clades, Bos taurus （taurine）, Bos indicus （zebu） and yak. Four main haplogroups T1A, T2, T3 （including T3A and T3B） and T5 were found in taurine, and two haplogroups I1 and 12 in zebu. Furthermore, we found that I1 and 12 haplogroups were separated by four variable sites rather than five ones and four haplogroups or sub-haplogroups of T1A, T3A, T3B and T5 were found for the first time in these Asian cattle. These data brought us a new insight into cattle＇s genetic structure in these six Asian countries. The geographical distribution of haplogroups was also outlined to provide systematic information on cattle genetic resources.

Ontological Foundation of Chinese Philosophy on the Implicit Beauty of Images

The Chinese philosophy on the implicit beauty of images is based on the idea that the whole world is very much like an infinite crisscrossing web, in which everything is an intersection point, and the infinite world around it serves as the origin. Discerning the implicit beauty means that you must watch the intersection-point-composed "images" and figure out the original "meaning" beyond them. Such a process of experiencing and reflection is what we call "the aesthetic consciousness." Therefore, the implicit beauty of images in our daily life also reminds us that we can both face and transcend reality.

Seizures as the first manifestation of chromosome 2q24.2-q24.3 in a two and a half years old girl: A case report

Background:Mutations and/or duplications in the chromosome 2q24.3 region are known to be responsible for various epilepsy phenotypes.However,microdeletion in childhood epilepsy is rarely reported.Case presentation:A two-and-a-half-year-old girl with no history of hypocalcemia or seizures developed new symptoms of generalized tonic-clonic epilepsy.The clinical manifestations were growth retardation,prominent forehead,closed anterior fontanelle,and poor muscle tension.Peripheral blood,echocardiography,abdominal ultrasound,and electroencephalogram(EEG)examinations were all normal.No karyotype abnormality was found in the patient,but a single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)array test detected that a 3.5 Mb single-copy microdeletion had occurred in the q24.2-q24.3 region on chromosome 2.Fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)tests revealed that the 2q24 fragment was inserted into the q11.2 region of the patient's chromosome 15,as well as that of her sister.In both cases,the patient's mother is the source carrier of the chromosome 15 insertion.Conclusions:The deletion of the sodium channel gene cluster(SCN1A,SCN2A,and SCN3A),but not SCN1A haploinsufficiency alone,may contribute to complex infant epilepsy syndromes.However,the pathogenic mechanism still needs to be studied further.