Evaluation of proline, chlorophyll, soluble sugar content and uptake of nutrients in the German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) under drought stress and organic fertilizer treatments

Objective: To investigate the effect of drought stress and organic fertilizer on German chamomile(Matricaria chamomilla) nutrient uptake, leaf chlorophyll content and osmotic adjustment under field conditions.Methods: This experiment was carried out through a randomized complete block design with a split factorial arrangement of treatments in three replications. The main plots were subjected to the following irrigation treatments: irrigation after 60, 90, 120, 150 and180 mm evaporation from Class A pan. The sub-plots were treated with three vermicompost doses(0, 5 and 10 t/ha).Results: Although drought stress reduced the nutrient percentages in the shoots, application of vermicompost enhanced the nutrient percentages, particularly when the plants were subjected to moderate to severe drought stress conditions. Moreover, the results of this study showed that the interaction between irrigation treatments and vermicompost rates on leaf chlorophyll content was significant. Comparison between the combined treatments indicated that under normal irrigation and moderate drought stress conditions chamomile plants received 5 and 10 t/ha vermicompost showed significantly higher leaf chlorophyll content comparing to the control treatment.Conclusions: Totally, organic fertilization by vermicompost could partly alleviate the effect of drought stress on chamomile by increasing N, P and K uptake and leaf soluble sugar, especially in stressed treatments.

Nephroprotective Effect of <i>Nigella Sativa</i>and <i>Matricaria Chamomilla</i>in Cisplatin Induced Renal Injury—Supportive Treatments in Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity

Nigella sativa and Matricaria chamomilla are extensively consumed as tea or tonic. Despite their widespread use as a home remedy, relatively few trials evaluated their benefits in nephroprotection. Hence, this study evaluates the nephroprotective effects of supportive treatments (N. sativa, M. chamomilla and vitamin E) in cisplatin nephrotoxicity rat model. Eighty rats divided into 10 groups, of 8 animals each. The first group (G1) injected with saline intra-pretoneal (i.p). G2 injected with 5 mg/kg cisplatin i.p on zero day of experiment and repeated 4 times, with 5 days free interval. G3-G10 received daily supportive treatments, started 5 days before the experiment (–5day). Concomitantly G4, G6, G8 and G10 injected with 5 mg/kg cisplatin i.p like G2. On day sixteen, animal scarified, serum and/or kidney tissue were used to determine kidney function tests (serum urea, creatinine, NAG, β-gal), oxidative stress indices (NO, LPO), antioxidant activities (SOD), sulphur compounds (GGT, GSH, total thiols ), apoptotic indices (cathepsin D, DNA fragmentation), two minerals (Ca2+ and zn2+). Cisplatin caused marked elevation in serum GGT that reduced signifi-cantly in group received M. chamomilla with cisplatin (P < 0.001). There is a correlation between GGT and NAG in cisplatin group (r = 0.731 p < 0.05) that may suggest one of possible mechanisms of renal injury by cisplatin. M. chamomilla followed by N. sativa and vitamin E improved the biochemical and pathological renal injury, as determined by increasing the body weight, normalizing the kidney functions, decreasing the oxidative stress markers, improving the apoptotic markers, minimizing the pathological changes. Hence, N. sativa and M. chamomilla will be a promising nephroprotective agents for reducing cisplatin nephrotoxicity, most probably, by antioxidants effects and inhibition GGT production, respectively.

Antioxidant Activity and Flavonoid Content of Matricaria chamomilla Extracts from Different Populations of Iran

Matricaria chamomilla is a valuable medicinal plant belonging to the Asteraceae family.Its medicinal and pharmaceutical impacts are correlated to major flavonoid compounds like apigenin.In this investigation,methanolic extracts of M.chamomilla inflorescence gathered from six natural populations were evaluated for their phytochemical content and antioxidant activity.The content of total flavonoid and phenol modified from 3.72 to 7.94 mg g-1 DW and 1.37 to 3.51 mg g-1 DW,respectively.Flavonoid compositions revealed significant differences among six populations,and the highest apigenin(1.27%(w/w))and apigenin-7-glucoside(0.86%(w/w))contents were recognized in MD populations,respectively.Both PCA and Pearson’s correlation analyses revealed total phenol,flavonoid,apigenin and apigenin-7-glucoside were negatively correlated with the IC50 of DPPH activity and EC50 of reducing power.Altitude and precipitation indicated the positive and negative effects on phytochemical contents,respectively.These results can provide a theoretical basis for getting the targeted antioxidant phytochemicals of M.chamomilla for pharmaceutical and food industries,and also give a science for selection of the best population for cell culture and secondary metabolite production in future.

Biological activities of chamomile(Matricaria chamomile) flowers' extract against the survival and egg laying of the cattle fever tick(Acari Ixodidae)

In the present work, the potential of acaricidal activity of chamomile flowers' extract was studied against engorged Rhipicephalus annulatus tick under laboratory condition. For this purpose, the engorged females of Rhipicephalus annulatus were exposed to two-fold serial dilutions of chamomile flowers' extract (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 4.0% and 8.0%) using "dipping method" in vitro. The engorged ticks were immersed in different plant dilutions (five ticks for each dilution) for 1 min and they were imme-diately incubated in separate Petri dishes for each replicate at 26 °C and 80% relative humidity. Mortality rate for each treatment was recorded 5 d after incubation. The mortality rate caused by different dilutions of chamomile flowers' extract ranged from 6.67% to 26.7%, whereas no mortality was recorded for non-treated control group. The mass of produced eggs varied from 0.23 g (in 8.0% solution) to 0.58 g (in control), with no statistical differences between the treatments and control (P>0.05). Also the chamomile flowers' extract in highest concentration used (8.0%) caused 46.67% failure in egg laying in engorged females while no failure was observed for non-treated control group. Macroscopic observations indicated that in effective concentrations of plant (4.0% and 8.0%), patchy hemorrhagic swelling appeared on the skin of treated ticks. The results presented for the first time in this study imply that chamomile may be considered as a promising plant for biocontrol of cattle fever tick disease in the field condition.

Effect of Matricaria chamomilla Hydroalcoholic Extract on Cisplatin-induced Neuropathy in Mice

AIM: Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is a mainstay for the treatment of solid tumors, especially colorectal, ovarian, testicular, bladder, and lung cancer. Studies have shown that cisplatin could have painful effects on human and animal models. Matri-caria chamomilla (MC) has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of MC hydro-alcoholic extract on cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy and to compare with morphine in mice. METHODS: Experiments were performed on 60 NMRI male mice weighed 25 g to 30 g which have been divided into 6 groups. The first group received normal saline; the second group received MC hydroalcoholic extract; the third group received cisplatin; the fourth group received MC hydroalcoholic extract and cisplatin, 96 hours before formalin test; the fifth group received morphine and the sixth group received cisplatin and mor-phine. The time of injected hind paw biting and licking time were measured in 5-minute interval for an hour. RESULTS: Results showed that formalin induced significant (P < 0.05) pain response (the first phase: 0-5 min and the second phase: 15-40 min after injection). Administration of MC extract before formalin injection showed significant (P < 0.05) decrease of pain responses in the first and second phase. Administration of cisplatin produced significant (P < 0.05) increase in pain response in both phases of formalin test. Injection of MC extract and cisplatin together have shown that MC is able to decrease the second phase of cisplatin-induced pain sig-nificantly (P < 0.05). Morphine decreased cisplatin-induced pain in the first and second phase of formalin test significantly ( P < 0.05). In comparison morphine has analgesic effects in the first phase and MC extract has anti inflammatory effects in the second phase of formalin test significantly (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: MC and cisplatin have analgesic and painful neuropathic respective effects, and MC hydroalcoholic extract is able to decrease cisplatin-induced pain and inflammation better than morphine.

洋甘菊总黄酮体外抗肿瘤活性研究

采用CCK-8法研究了洋甘菊总黄酮对人肺癌细胞A549、人胃癌细胞AGS、人宫颈癌细胞HeLa及SiHa、人食管癌细胞Eca-109及TE-1、人肝癌细胞HepG2体外增殖的抑制作用,并采用流式细胞术检测了洋甘菊总黄酮对SiHa细胞周期分布及凋亡率的影响。结果表明,与正常对照组比较,洋甘菊总黄酮对7种肿瘤细胞增殖均有不同程度的抑制作用,其中对SiHa细胞的抑制作用最强,作用48 h的IC_(50)值为(97.74±4.02)μg·mL^(-1);洋甘菊总黄酮低、中剂量组(25μg·mL^(-1)、50μg·mL^(-1))干预SiHa细胞24 h后,细胞阻滞在G_(0)/G_(1)期,总凋亡率由5.88%±0.29%分别升至11.57%±0.27%、18.08%±1.63%,说明低剂量洋甘菊总黄酮可抑制SiHa细胞增殖,诱导SiHa细胞凋亡。

青海菊科植物的三个新记录种

本文报道了三个青海省新记录种——母菊(Matricaria chamomilla)、牛膝菊(Galinsoga parviflora)和粗毛牛膝菊(Galinsoga quadriradiata)。三者均为菊科一年生草本植物,都具有药用价值,并且代表了青海省菊科的两个新分布属。其中粗毛牛膝菊是青藏高原的新记录。这三个物种在青海省的发现丰富了青海省菊科植物的多样性,增加了当地药用植物和观赏植物资源。考虑到两种牛膝菊的入侵性特点,相关部门应给予关注,必要时进行防控干预。

德国洋甘菊对实验性高血脂症大鼠的降脂作用

目的研究德国洋甘菊对实验性高血脂大鼠的降脂作用。方法选取造模成功的高血脂症大鼠70只,随机分为7组,每组10只。分别为正常对照组(蒸馏水1mL/kg),模型对照组(蒸馏水1mL/kg),阳性对照组(辛伐他丁7mg/kg),德国洋甘菊醇提物高、中、低剂量组(971、485、243mg/kg),德国洋甘菊水提物组(1 366mg/kg),连续灌胃4w。正常对照组喂养普通饲料,其余各组均喂养高脂饲料。灌胃结束后取血,采用全自动生化仪测定血液中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)值。结果与模型组大鼠比较,德国洋甘菊醇提物高剂量组大鼠血液TC、TG、LDL-C值降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);德国洋甘菊醇提物中剂量组大鼠血液TC、TG、LDL-C值降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);德国洋甘菊醇提物高剂量组和中剂量组大鼠血液HDL-C值升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论德国洋甘菊醇提物对实验性高血脂大鼠有较好的降脂作用。

MassWorks^(TM)与气相色谱-质谱联用分析洋甘菊精油成分

采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC/MS)技术,结合Mass WorksTM质谱解析软件,对产自甘肃省永登县的洋甘菊(Chamomila recutitaL.)精油成分进行分析。对两种不同极性的色谱柱进行分离比较实验,确定了适合于洋甘菊精油分离分析的色谱条件和质谱条件,解析并确定出精油中的35种化合物。Mass Works软件在低分辨率质谱上可对化合物分子质量实现精确测量,为低分辨四极杆质谱确定化合物的元素组成和解析化合物结构提供重要依据,同时也为植物精油的成分分析提供新的技术手段。

维药洋甘菊对正常小鼠血糖及其糖耐量的影响

目的观察洋甘菊提取物对正常小鼠血糖及糖耐量的影响。方法将小鼠分为正常小鼠及模型组2大组。正常小鼠组分成8个小组,分别为空白组、Ys大剂量组(200mg/kg)、Ys中剂量组100mg/kg)、Ys小剂量组(50mg/kg)、Yc大剂量组(200mg/kg)、Yc中剂量组(100mg/kg)、Yc小剂量组(50 mg/kg)和阳性对照二甲双胍组(110.5mg/kg)组,每组5只。各组小鼠给予不同浓度的药物或蒸馏水处理,共计7 d,血糖试纸法测定血糖,观察洋甘菊提取物对正常小鼠血糖的影响,同时进行葡萄糖耐量实验(OGTT),观察洋甘菊提取物对正常小鼠糖耐量的改善作用。结果洋甘菊提取物均能明显降低正常小鼠空腹血糖含量,以Yc中剂量效果最好,且各组效果均优于阳性对照药物二甲双胍。水提物中以Ys大剂量效果最好,且呈一定量效关系。洋甘菊提取物均能改善正常小鼠糖耐量水平,且都优于阳性对照药物二甲双胍。结论洋甘菊提取物对正常小鼠有降血糖作用,并能改善正常小鼠糖耐量,可用于临床治疗糖尿病。

母菊的研究综述与应用前景分析

母菊,即德国洋甘菊,来源于菊科母菊属Matricaria recutita L.的干燥花序,是国际上最畅销的5种草本植物之一。母菊常被制作成花草茶,具有稳定情绪、缓和胃痛、改善女性经前不适的功效。此外,它也是一种历史悠久、使用广泛的药用植物和香料植物,传统用于治疗胃肠道痉挛、抗炎、止痛、镇静等。挥发油是母菊最主要的有效成分,其中母菊薁是最有价值的成分之一。现代药理研究证实,母菊具有镇静、缓解胃肠道痉挛作用,还能够抗炎抗菌、降糖降脂、缓解关节疼痛等。本文综述了母菊的化学成分、药理作用、安全性评价,并对其在药品与食品方面的发展和应用进行展望。

德国洋甘菊花序中总皂苷的含量测定

目的测定德国洋甘菊花序中的总皂苷含量。方法采用紫外分光光度法测定总皂苷的含量。结果德国洋甘菊花序总皂苷的含量为8..02%。结论该方法可作为德国洋甘菊中总皂苷的含量测定方法。

洋甘菊中黄酮类成分的分离与结构确定

对洋甘菊中黄酮类活性成分进行分离纯化和结构确定。经过聚酰胺反复柱色谱进行分离、纯化,并经核磁共振确定其结构。从洋甘菊的乙醇(95%)提取物中分离得到2个黄酮类化合物,其结构被确定为芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅰ)和木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅱ)。芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷和木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷很可能为洋甘菊的主要黄酮活性成分。

洋甘菊中芹苷元-7-葡萄糖苷含量测定

目的测定洋甘菊中芹苷元-7-葡萄糖苷含量。方法在美国药典收载的HPLC方法基础上,适当调整色谱条件,采用UPLC法,测定新疆洋甘菊中芹苷元-7-葡萄糖苷的含量。结果两批洋甘菊样品中芹苷元-7-葡萄糖苷含量分别为5.2、5.8mg/g。结论 UPLC方法,可作为洋甘菊中芹苷元-7-葡萄糖苷含量测定。

甘肃省菊科植物3个分布新记录属

报道了甘肃省菊科植物的3个分布新记录属,母菊属(Matricaria),联毛紫菀属(Symphyotrichum)和艾纳香属(Blumea),以及3个甘肃省分布新记录种,同花母菊[Matricaria matricarioides(Lessing)Porter ex Britton],钻形紫菀[Symphyotrichum subulatum(Michaux)G.L.Nesom]和柔毛艾纳香[Blumea axillaris(Lamarck)Candolle]。

Residual dynamics of thiacloprid in medical herbs marjoram,thyme,and camomile in soil

Thiacloprid is a new insecticide of the chloronicotinyl family. To assess its risk after application, residual characteristics of thiacloprid in marjoram, thyme, and camomile and in soil were studied under field conditions. The active ingredient was extracted from the plant material using a mixture of acetone-water. After filtration, the extract was concentrated to the aqueous phase, diluted with water, and portioned against ethyl acetate on a matrix solid phase dispersion column. Thiacloprid was extracted from soil using a mixture of methanol-water, filtered, and re.extracted （clean up） with dichloromethane. The residues were quantified using HPLC-MS-MS. The methods were validated by recovery experiments. Thiacloprid residues in marjoram, thyme, and camomile and in soil persisted beyond 10, 14, 14, and 21 d but no residues were detected after 14, 21, 21, and 28 d, respectively. The data obtained in this study indicated that the biexponential model is more suitable than the first-order function to describe the decline of thiacloprid in fresh marjoram, fresh thyme, and dried camomile flowers with half-life （t1/2） of 1.1, 0.7, and 1.2 d, respectively. However, both the first-order function and biexponential model were found to be applicable for dissipation of thiacloprid in soil with almost the same t1/2 values of 3.5 and 3.6 d. The results indicated that thiacloprid dissipates rapidly and does not accumulate in the tested herbs and in soil.

洋甘菊提取物对左旋硝基精氨酸诱导高血压大鼠血压的影响及机制研究

目的研究洋甘菊提取物对左旋硝基精氨酸(NG-Nitro-L-arginine,L-NNA)诱导高血压大鼠血压的影响及作用机制。方法给L-NNA药8周复制高血压大鼠模型,将高血压大鼠随机分为模型组、洋甘菊提取物低、中和高剂量组(62.5、125和250mg/kg)及卡托普利组(25mg/kg),正常SD大鼠作为正常对照组,每组8只。给药8周,每周测定血压。8周后,测定血清血管紧张素Ⅱ(angiotensinⅡ,AngⅡ)、血管紧张素1-7(angiotensin-(1-7), Ang1-7)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)、胱抑素C(cystatin C, CysC)和一氧化氮(nitricoxide,NO),同时HE染色观察心脏和肾脏病理组织形态学的变化。结果治疗前后对比,洋甘菊提取物中剂量组和高剂量组大鼠收缩压均呈降低趋势(P<0.05);与模型组相比,洋甘菊提取物高剂量组和卡托普利组大鼠的AngⅡ含量降低(P<0.05);SOD明显升高(P<0.01);Cys-C含量降低(P<0.05);卡托普利组大鼠的Ang1-7含量明显升高(P<0.01);各组NO含量有一些增高,但无统计学意义(P?0.05)。HE染色明显看出治疗组能够缓和心脏和肾脏的损伤现象。结论洋甘菊提取物对L-NNA诱导的高血压大鼠血压有一定的降低作用,对心、肾组织有保护作用,其降压机制可能与降低AngⅡ的含量,改善氧化应激有关。

洋甘菊对1型糖尿病模型小鼠血糖的影响及其抗血栓作用研究

采用四氧嘧啶诱导建立1型糖尿病模型小鼠,通过测定血糖值、降糖率、血糖曲线下面积(AUC),探讨了洋甘菊提取物对1型糖尿病模型小鼠血糖和糖耐量的影响;通过测定凝血时间、止血时间、血栓抑制率,研究了洋甘菊提取物对正常小鼠和大鼠的抗血栓作用。结果表明,洋甘菊提取物对1型糖尿病模型小鼠具有一定的降血糖作用;洋甘菊醇提物和水提物(高剂量)可明显改善1型糖尿病模型小鼠的糖耐量;洋甘菊醇提物(高、中剂量)可以明显延长正常小鼠的凝血时间和止血时间;洋甘菊醇提物和水提物对大鼠的血栓抑制率最高分别可达42.62%和31.00%,阳性对照(阿司匹林)组的血栓抑制率为48.69%。表明,洋甘菊提取物具有较好的降血糖作用和抗血栓作用。

洋甘菊挥发油应用研究

[目的]研究洋甘菊挥发油抗炎舒敏、抗氧化及防晒等作用。[方法]水蒸气蒸馏法提取德国洋甘菊挥发油,紫外分光法检测洋甘菊挥发油对DPPH、ABTS自由基的清除作用;Elson-Morgan法测定洋甘菊挥发油对透明质酸酶的抑制作用;胶带法测定洋甘菊挥发油防晒作用。[结果]洋甘菊挥发油得率为0.841%;在研究范围内,挥发油浓度为15 mg/mL时,对透明质酸酶的抑制率达到最大值(61.7%);挥发油浓度为30 mg/mL时,DPPH自由基清除率达到最大值(96.2%);挥发油浓度为150μg/mL时,ABTS自由基清除率达到最大值(94.9%)。胶带法研究挥发油防晒效果,在280~320 nm处吸光度均大于1,有一定的防晒效果。[结论]在一定浓度范围内,洋甘菊挥发油具有抗炎舒敏、抗氧化、防晒等作用。

不同干燥方式对两种芳香植物产品品质的影响

文章选取德国甘菊和柠檬薄荷两种芳香植物作为研究对象,利用晒干、阴干、烘干3种不同的干燥方式对德国甘菊和柠檬薄荷进行处理,通过对两种芳香植物含水量的探讨和品相的审评,研究不同干燥方式对两种芳香植物产品品质的影响。结果表明:采用烘干方式,德国甘菊花在烘干温度45℃,时间为8.5 h条件下品质最佳;柠檬薄荷叶片在烘干温度100℃,平铺厚度为1.0 cm,时间为60 min条件下品质最佳。