Evaluation of proline, chlorophyll, soluble sugar content and uptake of nutrients in the German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) under drought stress and organic fertilizer treatments

Objective: To investigate the effect of drought stress and organic fertilizer on German chamomile(Matricaria chamomilla) nutrient uptake, leaf chlorophyll content and osmotic adjustment under field conditions.Methods: This experiment was carried out through a randomized complete block design with a split factorial arrangement of treatments in three replications. The main plots were subjected to the following irrigation treatments: irrigation after 60, 90, 120, 150 and180 mm evaporation from Class A pan. The sub-plots were treated with three vermicompost doses(0, 5 and 10 t/ha).Results: Although drought stress reduced the nutrient percentages in the shoots, application of vermicompost enhanced the nutrient percentages, particularly when the plants were subjected to moderate to severe drought stress conditions. Moreover, the results of this study showed that the interaction between irrigation treatments and vermicompost rates on leaf chlorophyll content was significant. Comparison between the combined treatments indicated that under normal irrigation and moderate drought stress conditions chamomile plants received 5 and 10 t/ha vermicompost showed significantly higher leaf chlorophyll content comparing to the control treatment.Conclusions: Totally, organic fertilization by vermicompost could partly alleviate the effect of drought stress on chamomile by increasing N, P and K uptake and leaf soluble sugar, especially in stressed treatments.

Nephroprotective Effect of <i>Nigella Sativa</i>and <i>Matricaria Chamomilla</i>in Cisplatin Induced Renal Injury—Supportive Treatments in Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity

Nigella sativa and Matricaria chamomilla are extensively consumed as tea or tonic. Despite their widespread use as a home remedy, relatively few trials evaluated their benefits in nephroprotection. Hence, this study evaluates the nephroprotective effects of supportive treatments (N. sativa, M. chamomilla and vitamin E) in cisplatin nephrotoxicity rat model. Eighty rats divided into 10 groups, of 8 animals each. The first group (G1) injected with saline intra-pretoneal (i.p). G2 injected with 5 mg/kg cisplatin i.p on zero day of experiment and repeated 4 times, with 5 days free interval. G3-G10 received daily supportive treatments, started 5 days before the experiment (–5day). Concomitantly G4, G6, G8 and G10 injected with 5 mg/kg cisplatin i.p like G2. On day sixteen, animal scarified, serum and/or kidney tissue were used to determine kidney function tests (serum urea, creatinine, NAG, β-gal), oxidative stress indices (NO, LPO), antioxidant activities (SOD), sulphur compounds (GGT, GSH, total thiols ), apoptotic indices (cathepsin D, DNA fragmentation), two minerals (Ca2+ and zn2+). Cisplatin caused marked elevation in serum GGT that reduced signifi-cantly in group received M. chamomilla with cisplatin (P < 0.001). There is a correlation between GGT and NAG in cisplatin group (r = 0.731 p < 0.05) that may suggest one of possible mechanisms of renal injury by cisplatin. M. chamomilla followed by N. sativa and vitamin E improved the biochemical and pathological renal injury, as determined by increasing the body weight, normalizing the kidney functions, decreasing the oxidative stress markers, improving the apoptotic markers, minimizing the pathological changes. Hence, N. sativa and M. chamomilla will be a promising nephroprotective agents for reducing cisplatin nephrotoxicity, most probably, by antioxidants effects and inhibition GGT production, respectively.

Antioxidant Activity and Flavonoid Content of Matricaria chamomilla Extracts from Different Populations of Iran

Matricaria chamomilla is a valuable medicinal plant belonging to the Asteraceae family.Its medicinal and pharmaceutical impacts are correlated to major flavonoid compounds like apigenin.In this investigation,methanolic extracts of M.chamomilla inflorescence gathered from six natural populations were evaluated for their phytochemical content and antioxidant activity.The content of total flavonoid and phenol modified from 3.72 to 7.94 mg g-1 DW and 1.37 to 3.51 mg g-1 DW,respectively.Flavonoid compositions revealed significant differences among six populations,and the highest apigenin(1.27%(w/w))and apigenin-7-glucoside(0.86%(w/w))contents were recognized in MD populations,respectively.Both PCA and Pearson’s correlation analyses revealed total phenol,flavonoid,apigenin and apigenin-7-glucoside were negatively correlated with the IC50 of DPPH activity and EC50 of reducing power.Altitude and precipitation indicated the positive and negative effects on phytochemical contents,respectively.These results can provide a theoretical basis for getting the targeted antioxidant phytochemicals of M.chamomilla for pharmaceutical and food industries,and also give a science for selection of the best population for cell culture and secondary metabolite production in future.

Biological activities of chamomile(Matricaria chamomile) flowers' extract against the survival and egg laying of the cattle fever tick(Acari Ixodidae)

In the present work, the potential of acaricidal activity of chamomile flowers＇ extract was studied against engorged Rhipicephalus annulatus tick under laboratory condition. For this purpose, the engorged females ofRhipicephalus annulatus were exposed to two-fold serial dilutions of chamomile flowers＇ extract （0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 4.0% and 8.0%） using ＂dipping method＂ in vitro. The engorged ticks were immersed in different plant dilutions （five ticks for each dilution） for l rain and they were immediately incubated in separate Petri dishes for each replicate at 26℃ and 80% relative humidity. Mortality rate for each treatment was recorded 5 d after incubation. The mortality rate caused by different dilutions of chamomile flowers＇ extract ranged from 6.67% to 26.7%, whereas no mortality was recorded for non-treated control group. The mass of produced eggs varied from 0.23 g （in 8.0% solution） to 0.58 g （in control）, with no statistical differences between the treatments and control （/＇〉0.05）. Also the chamomile flowers＇ extract in highest concentration used （8.0%） caused 46.67% failure in egg laying in engorged females while no failure was observed for non-treated control group. Macroscopic observations indicated that in effective concentrations of plant （4.0% and 8.0%）, patchy hemorrhagic swelling appeared on the skin of treated ticks. The results presented for the first time in this study imply that chamomile may be considered as a promising plant for biocontrol of cattle fever tick disease in the field condition.

Improved antioxidative and cytotoxic activities of chamomile(Matricaria chamomilla) florets fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum KCCM 11613P

Antioxidative and cytotoxic effects of chamomile（Matricaria chamomilla） fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum were investigated to improve their biofunctional activities. Total polyphenol（TP） content was measured by the Folin-Denis method, and the antioxidant activities were assessed by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl（DPPH） method and β-carotene bleaching method. AGS, HeL a, LoV o, MCF-7, and MRC-5（normal） cells were used to examine the cytotoxic effects by 3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium（MTT） assay. The TP content of fermented chamomile reduced from 21.75 to 18.76 mg gallic acid equivalent（mg GAE）/g, but the DPPH radical capturing activity of fermented chamomile was found to be 11.1% higher than that of nonfermented chamomile after 72 h of fermentation. Following the β-carotene bleaching, the antioxidative effect decreased because of a reduction in pH during fermentation. Additionally, chamomile fermented for 72 h showed a cytotoxic effect of about 95% against cancer cells at 12.7 mg solid/ml of broth, but MRC-5 cells were significantly less sensitive against fermented chamomile samples. These results suggest that the fermentation of chamomile could be applied to develop natural antioxidative and anticancer products.

Chemical constituents from Matricaria chamomilla L.(Ⅰ)

In the present study, we aimed to perform a phytochemical investigation of the whole herb of Matricaria chamomilla L., a Uygur herbal medicine. A total of 18 phenolic compounds were isolated by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 chromatography, together with preparative HPLC methods. By analysis of the MS and NMR spectroscopic data and comparison with those in literature, these 18 compounds were identified as apigenin （1）, galangin （2）, luteolin （3）, kempherol （4）, quercetin （5）, hispidulin （6）, 6-methoxykaempferol （7）, eupafolin （8）, 3-methylquercetin （9）, ermanin （10）, 5,7,4＇-trihydroxy-3,6-dimethoxyflavonone （11）, bracteoside （12）, 7-O-（β-D-glucopyranosyl）-galactin （13）, isochlorogenic acid B （14）, isochlorogenic acid C （15）, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid （16）, 5-pentadecylbenzene-l,3-diol （17） and scopoletin （18）. Among them, compounds 1-13 were identified as flavonoids, Compounds 2 and 6-17 were isolated from both the nlant and the Matricaria genus for the first time.

Effect of Matricaria chamomilla Hydroalcoholic Extract on Cisplatin-induced Neuropathy in Mice

AIM: Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is a mainstay for the treatment of solid tumors, especially colorectal, ovarian, testicular, bladder, and lung cancer. Studies have shown that cisplatin could have painful effects on human and animal models. Matri-caria chamomilla (MC) has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of MC hydro-alcoholic extract on cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy and to compare with morphine in mice. METHODS: Experiments were performed on 60 NMRI male mice weighed 25 g to 30 g which have been divided into 6 groups. The first group received normal saline; the second group received MC hydroalcoholic extract; the third group received cisplatin; the fourth group received MC hydroalcoholic extract and cisplatin, 96 hours before formalin test; the fifth group received morphine and the sixth group received cisplatin and mor-phine. The time of injected hind paw biting and licking time were measured in 5-minute interval for an hour. RESULTS: Results showed that formalin induced significant (P < 0.05) pain response (the first phase: 0-5 min and the second phase: 15-40 min after injection). Administration of MC extract before formalin injection showed significant (P < 0.05) decrease of pain responses in the first and second phase. Administration of cisplatin produced significant (P < 0.05) increase in pain response in both phases of formalin test. Injection of MC extract and cisplatin together have shown that MC is able to decrease the second phase of cisplatin-induced pain sig-nificantly (P < 0.05). Morphine decreased cisplatin-induced pain in the first and second phase of formalin test significantly ( P < 0.05). In comparison morphine has analgesic effects in the first phase and MC extract has anti inflammatory effects in the second phase of formalin test significantly (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: MC and cisplatin have analgesic and painful neuropathic respective effects, and MC hydroalcoholic extract is able to decrease cisplatin-induced pain and inflammation better than morphine.

基于网络药理学及分子对接技术探究洋甘菊治疗哮喘的作用机制

目的:本研究基于前期UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS技术对洋甘菊化学成分的分析,运用网络药理学和分子对接技术探讨洋甘菊治疗哮喘的潜在作用机制。方法:根据洋甘菊化学成分鉴定结果,利用小分子药物靶点预测在线平台(Swiss Target Prediction)挖掘有效活性成分和对应作用靶点;通过OMIM、GeneCards、TTD、PharmGkb、DisGeNet数据库获得哮喘的作用靶点;筛选后得到的有效活性成分作用靶点与疾病作用靶点的共同靶点,构建韦恩图(Venny Diagram);使用STRING数据库建立靶蛋白-蛋白相互作用(PPI)网络;利用基因功能注释分析工具数据库对“洋甘菊有效活性成分-哮喘疾病”的共同靶点进行基因本体注释分析及基因和基因组信号通路富集分析;通过Cytoscape软件建立“洋甘菊有效活性成分-哮喘疾病靶点-通路”网络模型;运用Autodock和PyMol软件对洋甘菊中的关键活性成分与靶点蛋白质相互作用中的核心蛋白进行分子对接验证。结果:从洋甘菊中筛选出30个活性成分,确定洋甘菊治疗哮喘的共同靶点52个,其中核心靶点有TNF、MMP-9、STAT3、PTGS2、EGFR、TLR4、NOS2、JAK1、PLAUR、PTGS1。信号通路主要富集于JAK-STAT、IL-17、NF-κB、花生四烯酸代谢等。分子对接结果显示核心靶点TNF与核心成分对接结果均小于0 kcal·mol^(-1),结果显示具有较好的结合活性。结论:洋甘菊可能通过多成分、多靶点、多途径协同作用治疗哮喘,为揭示洋甘菊治疗哮喘的分子机制提供了理论基础。

大孔树脂分离纯化维药洋甘菊中黄酮工艺研究

目的筛选大孔树脂分离纯化洋甘菊黄酮的最佳工艺。方法以黄酮的吸附量为指标,采用单因素试验法对影响洋甘菊提取物纯化效率的因素进行优化,采用UV测定纯化后固形物中总黄酮的浓度。结果最佳洗脱程序为,选定D101大孔树脂,上样浓度为0.8269 mg·ml^(-1),最大上样量为16 BV(16倍柱体积),上样速度为0.081 BV·min^(-1),依次用6BV的蒸馏水以0.081 BV·min^(-1)的流速洗脱,弃去洗脱液,再用6 BV的70%乙醇以0.041 BV·min^(-1)的流速洗脱,收集洗脱液。纯化得到的固形物中洋甘菊黄酮含量为51.37%,总黄酮的转移率为80.94%。结论纯化工艺简便、稳定,能提高洋甘菊中活性组分的含量。

德国洋甘菊对实验性高血脂症大鼠的降脂作用

目的研究德国洋甘菊对实验性高血脂大鼠的降脂作用。方法选取造模成功的高血脂症大鼠70只,随机分为7组,每组10只。分别为正常对照组(蒸馏水1mL/kg),模型对照组(蒸馏水1mL/kg),阳性对照组(辛伐他丁7mg/kg),德国洋甘菊醇提物高、中、低剂量组(971、485、243mg/kg),德国洋甘菊水提物组(1 366mg/kg),连续灌胃4w。正常对照组喂养普通饲料,其余各组均喂养高脂饲料。灌胃结束后取血,采用全自动生化仪测定血液中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)值。结果与模型组大鼠比较,德国洋甘菊醇提物高剂量组大鼠血液TC、TG、LDL-C值降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);德国洋甘菊醇提物中剂量组大鼠血液TC、TG、LDL-C值降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);德国洋甘菊醇提物高剂量组和中剂量组大鼠血液HDL-C值升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论德国洋甘菊醇提物对实验性高血脂大鼠有较好的降脂作用。

MassWorks^(TM)与气相色谱-质谱联用分析洋甘菊精油成分

采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC/MS)技术,结合Mass WorksTM质谱解析软件,对产自甘肃省永登县的洋甘菊(Chamomila recutitaL.)精油成分进行分析。对两种不同极性的色谱柱进行分离比较实验,确定了适合于洋甘菊精油分离分析的色谱条件和质谱条件,解析并确定出精油中的35种化合物。Mass Works软件在低分辨率质谱上可对化合物分子质量实现精确测量,为低分辨四极杆质谱确定化合物的元素组成和解析化合物结构提供重要依据,同时也为植物精油的成分分析提供新的技术手段。

维药洋甘菊对正常小鼠血糖及其糖耐量的影响

目的观察洋甘菊提取物对正常小鼠血糖及糖耐量的影响。方法将小鼠分为正常小鼠及模型组2大组。正常小鼠组分成8个小组,分别为空白组、Ys大剂量组(200mg/kg)、Ys中剂量组100mg/kg)、Ys小剂量组(50mg/kg)、Yc大剂量组(200mg/kg)、Yc中剂量组(100mg/kg)、Yc小剂量组(50 mg/kg)和阳性对照二甲双胍组(110.5mg/kg)组,每组5只。各组小鼠给予不同浓度的药物或蒸馏水处理,共计7 d,血糖试纸法测定血糖,观察洋甘菊提取物对正常小鼠血糖的影响,同时进行葡萄糖耐量实验(OGTT),观察洋甘菊提取物对正常小鼠糖耐量的改善作用。结果洋甘菊提取物均能明显降低正常小鼠空腹血糖含量,以Yc中剂量效果最好,且各组效果均优于阳性对照药物二甲双胍。水提物中以Ys大剂量效果最好,且呈一定量效关系。洋甘菊提取物均能改善正常小鼠糖耐量水平,且都优于阳性对照药物二甲双胍。结论洋甘菊提取物对正常小鼠有降血糖作用,并能改善正常小鼠糖耐量,可用于临床治疗糖尿病。

洋甘菊的组织培养技术

以洋甘菊(Matricaria chamomilla L.)的嫩茎和幼叶为外植体,采用单因子试验方法,研究不同消毒措施、不同激素浓度配比对洋甘菊愈伤组织诱导的影响,以期为建立洋甘菊再生体系以及通过基因工程手段改良洋甘菊提供参考依据。结果表明:洋甘菊幼嫩的茎段为组织培养的最佳外植体材料,愈伤组织的诱导率高达90%;以幼嫩茎段为外植体,最佳灭菌措施为新鲜的嫩茎用无菌水冲洗30min,75%的酒精浸泡10s,3.5%的次氯酸钠浸泡10min,诱导率高达86.7%,污染率低至13.3%;其愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 1.5mg·L^(-1)+NAA 1.2mg·L^(-1)。

母菊的研究综述与应用前景分析

母菊,即德国洋甘菊,来源于菊科母菊属Matricaria recutita L.的干燥花序,是国际上最畅销的5种草本植物之一。母菊常被制作成花草茶,具有稳定情绪、缓和胃痛、改善女性经前不适的功效。此外,它也是一种历史悠久、使用广泛的药用植物和香料植物,传统用于治疗胃肠道痉挛、抗炎、止痛、镇静等。挥发油是母菊最主要的有效成分,其中母菊薁是最有价值的成分之一。现代药理研究证实,母菊具有镇静、缓解胃肠道痉挛作用,还能够抗炎抗菌、降糖降脂、缓解关节疼痛等。本文综述了母菊的化学成分、药理作用、安全性评价,并对其在药品与食品方面的发展和应用进行展望。

洋甘菊中黄酮类成分的分离与结构确定

对洋甘菊中黄酮类活性成分进行分离纯化和结构确定。经过聚酰胺反复柱色谱进行分离、纯化,并经核磁共振确定其结构。从洋甘菊的乙醇(95%)提取物中分离得到2个黄酮类化合物,其结构被确定为芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅰ)和木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅱ)。芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷和木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷很可能为洋甘菊的主要黄酮活性成分。

德国洋甘菊花序中总皂苷的含量测定

目的测定德国洋甘菊花序中的总皂苷含量。方法采用紫外分光光度法测定总皂苷的含量。结果德国洋甘菊花序总皂苷的含量为8..02%。结论该方法可作为德国洋甘菊中总皂苷的含量测定方法。

NaCl胁迫对洋甘菊种子萌发与幼苗生长和生理指标及解剖结构的影响

对质量浓度0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%、1.0%、1.2%和1.4%NaCl胁迫条件下洋甘菊(Matricaria chamomillaLinn.)种子萌发状况、幼苗生长和叶片部分生理指标的变化进行了分析,并采用石蜡切片法观察了NaCl胁迫后洋甘菊不同器官横切面解剖结构的变化。结果表明:随NaCl质量浓度提高,洋甘菊种子的相对萌发率、发芽势和萌发率均逐渐降低、相对盐害率逐渐增大;幼苗根长、株高及单株鲜质量和干质量均逐渐下降,但根长的降幅大于株高、鲜质量的降幅大于干质量;叶片中叶绿素含量呈先升高后下降的趋势,而可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量以及POD活性总体上呈逐渐增加的趋势。在NaCl胁迫条件下,种子相对萌发率、发芽势和萌发率均极显著(P<0.01)或显著(P<0.05)低于对照(0.0%NaCl),且除0.2%NaCl处理组外其他处理组的相对盐害率均极显著高于对照;而在质量浓度1.4%NaCl胁迫条件下洋甘菊种子均不能正常萌发。在NaCl胁迫条件下,各处理组幼苗根长、株高以及单株鲜质量和干质量均显著或极显著低于对照,叶片可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量及POD活性均显著或极显著高于对照;除1.2%NaCl处理组外,其他处理组叶绿素含量也均极显著高于对照。在NaCl胁迫条件下,洋甘菊植株形态及不同器官横切面解剖结构发生明显变化。随NaCl质量浓度提高,洋甘菊植株表现出株高矮小且植株干硬、叶片变小且肉质化程度增大等现象。经0.6%NaCl胁迫处理12个月后,洋甘菊茎横切面皮层内厚角组织数量及薄壁组织中气隙数量增加且维管束内导管更加发达;根横切面皮层内气隙数量增多、维管柱内导管较为发达;叶片横切面叶轴薄壁组织中气隙数量增加、叶片表皮皱缩且栅栏组织层数明显增多。综合分析结果表明:洋甘菊对NaCl胁迫具有一定的耐性,但高浓度NaCl胁迫对洋甘菊种子萌发、幼苗生长及形态均有明显影响。

洋甘菊中芹苷元-7-葡萄糖苷含量测定

目的测定洋甘菊中芹苷元-7-葡萄糖苷含量。方法在美国药典收载的HPLC方法基础上,适当调整色谱条件,采用UPLC法,测定新疆洋甘菊中芹苷元-7-葡萄糖苷的含量。结果两批洋甘菊样品中芹苷元-7-葡萄糖苷含量分别为5.2、5.8mg/g。结论 UPLC方法,可作为洋甘菊中芹苷元-7-葡萄糖苷含量测定。

甘肃省菊科植物3个分布新记录属

报道了甘肃省菊科植物的3个分布新记录属,母菊属(Matricaria),联毛紫菀属(Symphyotrichum)和艾纳香属(Blumea),以及3个甘肃省分布新记录种,同花母菊[Matricaria matricarioides(Lessing)Porter ex Britton],钻形紫菀[Symphyotrichum subulatum(Michaux)G.L.Nesom]和柔毛艾纳香[Blumea axillaris(Lamarck)Candolle]。

Residual dynamics of thiacloprid in medical herbs marjoram,thyme,and camomile in soil

Thiacloprid is a new insecticide of the chloronicotinyl family. To assess its risk after application, residual characteristics of thiacloprid in marjoram, thyme, and camomile and in soil were studied under field conditions. The active ingredient was extracted from the plant material using a mixture of acetone-water. After filtration, the extract was concentrated to the aqueous phase, diluted with water, and portioned against ethyl acetate on a matrix solid phase dispersion column. Thiacloprid was extracted from soil using a mixture of methanol-water, filtered, and re.extracted （clean up） with dichloromethane. The residues were quantified using HPLC-MS-MS. The methods were validated by recovery experiments. Thiacloprid residues in marjoram, thyme, and camomile and in soil persisted beyond 10, 14, 14, and 21 d but no residues were detected after 14, 21, 21, and 28 d, respectively. The data obtained in this study indicated that the biexponential model is more suitable than the first-order function to describe the decline of thiacloprid in fresh marjoram, fresh thyme, and dried camomile flowers with half-life （t1/2） of 1.1, 0.7, and 1.2 d, respectively. However, both the first-order function and biexponential model were found to be applicable for dissipation of thiacloprid in soil with almost the same t1/2 values of 3.5 and 3.6 d. The results indicated that thiacloprid dissipates rapidly and does not accumulate in the tested herbs and in soil.