Wigner Function：from Ensemble Average of Density Operator to Its Matrix Element in Entangled Pure States

We show that the Wigner function (an ensemble average of the density operator ρ, Δ is the Wigner operator) can be expressed as a matrix element of ρ in the entangled pure states. In doing so, converting from quantum master equations to time-evolution equation of the Wigner functions seems direct and concise. The entangled states are defined in the enlarged Fock space with a fictitious freedom.

Analytical Expressions of Matrix Elements of Physical Quantities for Dirac Oscillator

The analytical expressions of the matrix elements for physical quantities are obtained for the Dirac oscillator in two and three spatial dimensions. Their behaviour for the case, of operator's square is discussed in details. The two-dimensional Dirac oscillator has similar behavior to that for three-dimensional one.

Analytic Expression of Arbitrary Matrix Elements for Boson Exponential Quadratic Polynomial Operators

Making use of the transformation relation among usual, normal, and antinormal ordering for the multimode boson exponential quadratic polynomial operators （BEQPO＇s）I we present the analytic expression of arbitrary matrix elements for BEQPO＇s. As a preliminary application, we obtain the exact expressions of partition function about the boson quadratic polynomial system, matrix elements in particle-number, coordinate, and momentum representation, and P representation for the BEQPO＇s.

General calculation formulas and recurrence relations of radial matrix elements for relativistic n-dimensional hydrogen atom of spin S=0

In this paper, the general calculation formulas of radial matrix elements for relativistic n-dimensional hydrogen atom of spin S=0 are obtained, and the recurrence relation of different power order radial matrix elements are also derived.

Matrix elements in the SU(1,1)⊗SO(6)limit of the proton-neutron symplectic model

The matrix elements along the reduction chain Sp(12,R)⊃SU(1,1)⊗SO(6)⊃U(1)⊗SUpn(3)⊗SO(2)⊃SO(3)of the proton-neutron symplectic model(PNSM)are considered.Closed analytical expressions are obtained for the matrix elements of the basic building blocks of the PNSM and the Sp(12,R)symplectic generators,allowing the computation of matrix elements of other physical operators as well.The computational technique developed in the present study generally provides us with the required algebraic tool for performing realistic symplectic-based shell-model calculations of nuclear collective excitations.Utilizing two simple examples,we illustrate the application of the theory.

Theoretical Study on Electron Transfer Matrix Element in Oxidation of α-Amino Carbon-Centered Radical by O_2

As a successive work of our previous paper, 1 the electron transfer matrix element (V rp) in the oxidation of the simplified model molecule of α-amino carbon-centered radical by O 2 has been investigated with ab initio calculation at the level of UHF/6-31++G**. Based on the optimized geometries of the reactant and the ion-pair complex obtained previously, the reaction heat and the inner reorganization energy have been obtained by constructing the potential energy curves of reactant and product states considering the solvent effect with the conductor-like screening model (COSMO). The solvent reorganization energy has been estimated using Lippert-Mataga relationship. The calculated results show that the value of V rp is several times larger than that of RT, which means that the model reaction is an adiabatic one. Theoretical investigation indicates that the solvent effect on the direct electron transfer (ET) process of oxidation of α-amino carbon-centered radical by oxygen is remarkable.

Research on convergence of the nuclear matrix elements for 2νββ decays

In this work,the characteristics of 2νββ decays for six nuclei(36Ar,46Ca,48Ca,50Cr,70Zn,and 136Xe)in a mass range from A=36 to A=136 are studied within the nuclear shell model(NSM)framework.Calculations are presented for the half-lives,nuclear matrix elements(NMEs),phase space factors(G2ν),and convergence of the NMEs.The theoretical results agree well with the experimental data.In addition,we predict the half-lives of 2νββ decays for four nuclei.We focus on the convergence of the NMEs by analyzing the number of contributing intermediate 1+states(NC)for the nuclei of interest.We assume that NC is safely determined when the accumulated NMEs saturate 99.7%of the final calculated magnitude.From the calculations of the involved nuclei,we discover a connection between NC and the total number of intermediate 1+states(NT).According to the least squares fit,we conclude that the correlation is NC=(10.8±1.2)×N(0.29±0.02)T.

Analytical Derivations of Single-Particle Matrix Elements in Nuclear Shell Model

We present analytical method to calculate single particle matrix elements used in atomic and nuclear physics. We show seven different formulas of matrix elements of the operator f(r)d_r^m where f(r) = r~μ, r~μjJ(qr), V(r)corresponding to the Gaussian and the Yukawa potentials used in nuclear shell models and nuclear structure. In addition,we take into account a general integral formula of the matrix element 〈 n′ l′|f(r) d_r^(m) |n l〉 that covers all seven matrix elements obtained analytically.

Coupling matrix element of electron self-exchange reactions in solution

On the basis of the common feature among the electron transfer process and the ion hydration process as well as the relevant experimental kinetic data of electron trader reaction, a new accurate hydration potential function scheme for the determination of electron transfer coupling matrix element is presented. The coupling matrix element between two hydrated ions of the reacting system in solution is calculated. The results and the applicability of this scheme are discussed.

Feature Extraction and Recognition for Rolling Element Bearing Fault Utilizing Short-Time Fourier Transform and Non-negative Matrix Factorization

Due to the non-stationary characteristics of vibration signals acquired from rolling element bearing fault, thc time-frequency analysis is often applied to describe the local information of these unstable signals smartly. However, it is difficult to classitythe high dimensional feature matrix directly because of too large dimensions for many classifiers. This paper combines the concepts of time-frequency distribution（TFD） with non-negative matrix factorization（NMF）, and proposes a novel TFD matrix factorization method to enhance representation and identification of bearing fault. Throughout this method, the TFD of a vibration signal is firstly accomplished to describe the localized faults with short-time Fourier transform（STFT）. Then, the supervised NMF mapping is adopted to extract the fault features from TFD. Meanwhile, the fault samples can be clustered and recognized automatically by using the clustering property of NMF. The proposed method takes advantages of the NMF in the parts-based representation and the adaptive clustering. The localized fault features of interest can be extracted as well. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, the 9 kinds of the bearing fault on a test bench is performed. The proposed method can effectively identify the fault severity and different fault types. Moreover, in comparison with the artificial neural network（ANN）, NMF yields 99.3% mean accuracy which is much superior to ANN. This research presents a simple and practical resolution for the fault diagnosis problem of rolling element bearing in high dimensional feature space.

Finite Element Analysis of Push-Out Test of SiC Fiber Reinforced Titanium Matrix Composites

Based on the interphase layer model and the spring layer model, an improved interface model was developed to evaluate the interfacial shear strength of Titanium matrix composites(TMCs) and to analyze the effects of various parameters on the interfacial properties. The results showed that the improved interface model is more suitable for calculating the interfacial properties of SiC fiber reinforced titanium matrix composites. The interfacial shear strength of SiC/Timetal-834 predicted is 500 MPa. In addition, in order to better understand the interfacial properties of composites, some push out phenomenon were analyzed.

CALCULATION OF MATRIX ELEMENTS IN THE MODEL POTENTIAL THEORY OF ATOMIC STRUCTURE

Ⅰ. INTRODUCTIONRecently, Zheng suggested a new model potential to describe the electronic motion in a multi-electron atom or ion in his serial papers. Applying this new version of model po-

Computation of products of phase space factors and nuclear matrix elements for double beta decay

Nuclear matrix elements(NME) and phase space factors(PSF) entering the half-life formulas of the double-beta decay(DBD) process are two key quantities whose accurate computation still represents a challenge. In this study, we propose a new approach of calculating these, namely the direct computation of their product as an unique formula. This procedure allows a more coherent treatment of the nuclear approximations and input parameters appearing in both quantities and avoids possible confusion in the interpretation of DBD data due to different individual expressions adopted for PSF and NME(and consequently their reporting in different units) by different authors. Our calculations are performed for both two neutrino(2 vββ) and neutrinoless(0 vββ) decay modes, for five nuclei of the most experimental interest. Further, using the most recent experimental limits for 0νββ decay half-lives,we provide new constraints on the light mass neutrino parameter. Finally, by separating the factor representing the axial-vector constant to the forth power in the half-life formulas, we advance suggestions on how to reduce the errors introduced in the calculation by the uncertain value of this constant, exploiting the DBD data obtained from different isotopes and/or decay modes.

THE DYNAMIC STIFFNESS MATRIX OF THE FINITE ANNULAR PLATE ELEMENT

The dynamic deformation of harmonic vibration is used as the shape functions of the finite annular plate element, and sonic integration difficulties related to the Bessel's functions are solved in this paper. Then the dynamic stiffness matrix of the finite annular plate element is established in closed form and checked by the direct stiffness method. The paper has given wide convcrage for decomposing the dynamic matrix into the power series of frequency square. By utilizing the axial symmetry of annular elements, the modes with different numbers of nodal diameters at s separately treated. Thus some terse and complete results are obtained as the foundation of structural characteristic analysis and dynamic response compulation.

Effects of rare earth element lanthanum on the microstructure of copper matrix diamond tool materials

Effects of rare earth element La on the microstructure of Cumatrix diamond tools were researched under the conditions of variousmaterials components and the process parameters in order to improvematerials properties. SEM, XPS and X-ray were used to investigate thefracture section, microstructure and the element valence inmaterials. The Results shown that the combination of rare earthelement La and transition element Ti is advantageous to the bondingstate Between diamond particles and matrix, so it can improve thematerials properties. Suitable sintering temperature is 790 deg. C.

THE GENERATION OF NON－LINEAR STIFFNESS MATRIX OF TRIANGLE ELEMENT WHENCONSIDERING BOTH THE BENDING AND IN－PLANEME MBRANE FORCES

Using Stricklin Melhod￣[5],we have this paper has derived the formulas for the ge-neration of non-linear element stiffness matrix of a triangle element when considering both the bending and the in-plane membrane forces. A computer programme for the calculation of large deflection and inner forces of shallow shells is designed on theseformulas. The central deflection curve computed by this programme is compared with other pertaining results.

THE STRESS SUBSPACE OF HYBRID STRESS ELEMENT AND THE DIAGONALIZATION METHOD FOR FLEXIBILITY MATRIX H

The following is proved: 1) The linear independence of assumed stress modes is the necessary and sufficient condition for the nonsingular flexibility matrix; 2) The equivalent assumed stress modes lead to the identical hybrid element. The Hilbert stress subspace of the assumed stress modes is established. So, it is easy to derive the equivalent orthogonal normal stress modes by Schmidt's method. Because of the resulting diagonal flexibility matrix, the identical hybrid element is free from the complex matrix inversion so that the hybrid efficiency, is improved greatly. The numerical examples show that the method is effective.

超声振动辅助研磨SiCp/Al材料去除特性的研究

SiCp/Al因具有高强度,低密度,高耐磨性等优点被应用在许多领域,如航空航天,汽车和电子领域等。但SiCp/Al是典型的难加工材料,在研磨过程中极易造成表面损伤,从而影响工件的表面精度和材料去除率。基于金属基复合材料的研磨去除机理,建立有限元仿真模型。仿真模拟超声去除SiCp/Al的表面损伤形式、颗粒的破碎方式与材料去除过程。通过超声振动辅助研磨SiCp/Al实验可知,超声振动能够有效降低表面粗糙度。材料去除率随主轴转速和研磨深度的增加而增大,随进给速度的增加而减小。

考虑剪切变形的欧拉梁单元一致质量矩阵

为明确考虑剪切变形的欧拉梁单元一致质量矩阵推导方法,以形函数为基础,基于虚功原理,区分伸缩、扭转以及是否考虑剪切变形的弯曲受力状态,给出了欧拉梁单元一致质量矩阵表达式。研究表明:不考虑剪切变形时,欧拉梁受弯状态的一致质量分析中一般不计单元上微元体水平方向的惯性力,此时仅需弯曲变形引发的竖向位移形函数即可;考虑剪切变形时,则需计入水平方向的惯性力,且同时需要完整的竖向位移形函数和纯弯曲转角位移形函数;对于变截面欧拉梁单元,其一致质量矩阵表达式过于复杂,可在等截面梁的基础上,根据元素位置对矩阵元素匹配左右端或平均截面面积及截面极惯性矩近似给出实用的质量矩阵表达式;考虑剪切变形时,欧拉梁的刚度矩阵亦可经竖向位移和纯弯曲转角位移形函数计算得到,这一过程与使用纯弯曲竖向位移和纯剪切竖向位移形函数的过程在本质上是一致的。

NORMALIZED ELEMENT NODE TOPOLOGICAL MATRIX OF FINITE ELEMENT MESHES

On the basis of concept of element node topological analysis, the normalized element node topological matrices for finite element meshes are presented in the paper, including 3-node and 6-node triangular element, 4-node and 8-node quadrilateral element, 8-node and 20-node hexahedral element. It is beneficial to further analyzing topological characteristics of finite element models and automatic generation of meshes