In the case of reverse drag of normal faulting, the displacement and horizontal extension are determined based on the established equations for the three mechanisms: rigid body, vertical shear and inclined shear. Ther...In the case of reverse drag of normal faulting, the displacement and horizontal extension are determined based on the established equations for the three mechanisms: rigid body, vertical shear and inclined shear. There are three sub-cases of basal detachment for the rigid body model: horizontal detachment, antithetic detachment and synthetic detachment. For the rigid body model, the established equations indicate that the total displacement on the synthetic base (D<sub>t2</sub>) is the largest, that on the horizontal base (D<sub>t1</sub>) is moderate, and that on the antithetic base (D<sub>t3</sub>) is the smallest. On the other hand, the value of (D<sub>t1</sub>) is larger than the displacement for the vertical shear (D<sub>t4</sub>). The value of (D<sub>t1</sub>) is larger than or less than the displacement for the inclined shear (D<sub>t5</sub>) depending on the original fault dip δ<sub>0</sub>, bedding angle θ, and the angle of shear direction β. For all original parameters, the value of D<sub>t5</sub> is less than the value of D<sub>t4</sub>. Also, by comparing three rotation mechanisms, we find that the inclined shear produces largest extension, the rigid body model with horizontal detachment produces the smallest extension, and the vertical shear model produces moderate extension.展开更多
As one of the Special Economic Zones since the reform and opening up, Zhuhai has developed during the past 30 years. Its economic development, industrial structure and ecological environment have undergone great chang...As one of the Special Economic Zones since the reform and opening up, Zhuhai has developed during the past 30 years. Its economic development, industrial structure and ecological environment have undergone great changes. Research on changes in Zhuhai’s land ecological security is of great significance. Using relevant data from 2007-2012, this study established a land ecological security assessment system based on the PSR conceptual framework model. The system contained 18 indicators from 3 aspects according to the concrete features of Zhuhai. Then we used the matterelement analysis and the improved entropy weight to analyze and evaluate the land ecological security of Zhuhai. The results showed that: from 2007 to 2012, the levels of the land ecological security of Zhuhai were “secure”, and the value increased year by year;as the land ecological security response value increased, Zhuhai was capable of solving land ecosystem problems. However, it should be noted that the structure of land ecosystem in Zhuhai has not formed and that rapid expansion of construction land has caused the shortage of cultivated land and other issues. Measures should be taken to control the construction area, improve land intensive utilization and improve the land ecological security.展开更多
Objective:To establish extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa(XDR-PA)infection-induced pneumonia model in rats.Methods:Twenty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into blank group,low bacterial group,med...Objective:To establish extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa(XDR-PA)infection-induced pneumonia model in rats.Methods:Twenty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into blank group,low bacterial group,medium bacterial group,and high bacterial group.The low,medium and high bacterial groups were given intratracheal instillation of 0.1 mL of bacterial suspension(bacterial concentration in turn is 7.5×10^(9),3×10^(10),6×10^(10)CFU/mL),while the blank group were given the same volume of sterile normal saline.After modeling,the general conditions of rats in each group were observed,including mental state,hair,respiration,activity,eating,weight,and the survival curve was drawn.The pathological characteristics of lung tissue and the infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed.Pathogenic identification of each group was carried out by bacterial culture of lung tissue homogenate.Results:The general state of the blank group was normal,and the rats in other groups showed signs of mental depression,bristling,shortness of breath,even oral and nasal bleeding,decreased food intake and activity,and significant weight loss,and different degrees of death within 48 hours,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Pathological results showed that the alveolar structure of rats in the blank group was complete,and the alveolar space was clear without exudation.The lung tissue of the low and medium bacterial groups showed obvious inflammatory cell infiltration,alveolar structure destruction,alveolar septum thickening,interstitial edema,but the pathological damage of the medium group was more severe,with a mortality rate of up to 50%,and the mortality rate of the low bacterial group was 17%.In the high bacterial group,red blood cells,inflammatory cells and a large amount of fibrin-like exudation can be seen in the alveolar space,which has the pathological characteristics of acute respiratory failure,and the mortality rate is as high as 67%.The results of bacterial culture of lung tissue homogenate showed that the blank group had no bacterial colonies,while PA colony growth can be seen in low,medium and high bacterial groups.Conclusion:9 Intratracheal instillation of low bacterial count(0.1 mL of 7.5×10^(9) CFU/mL)XDR-PA bacterial suspension can successfully construct a rat pneumonia model of XDR-PA infection.展开更多
Aiming at the limitations of the existing knowledge representations in intelligent detection, a new method of Extension-based Knowledge Representation (EKR) was proposed. The definitions, grammar rules, and storage st...Aiming at the limitations of the existing knowledge representations in intelligent detection, a new method of Extension-based Knowledge Representation (EKR) was proposed. The definitions, grammar rules, and storage structure of EKR were presented. An Extension Solving Model (ESM) based on EKR was discussed in detail, including creation of the extension constraint graph, extended inference, calculation of relevant functions and generation of extension set. A knowledge base system based on EKR and ESM was developed, which was applied in extension repository system intelligent design of detection in photosynthesis process of D.huoshanense. More reasonable results were obtained than traditional rule-based system. EKR was feasible in intelligent design to solve the problem of intelligent detection knowledge representations.展开更多
When water environmental carrying capacity of public resource tourist attraction is studied, the two action subjects of tourists and local residents should be discussed, and comprehensive consideration must be given t...When water environmental carrying capacity of public resource tourist attraction is studied, the two action subjects of tourists and local residents should be discussed, and comprehensive consideration must be given to the influence of these two on water environment. On the basis of water resource carrying capacity and water quality carrying capacity, water environmental carrying capacity index of public resource tourist attraction was constructed, the model for the water environmental carrying capacity of public resource tourist attraction was established on the basis of matter-element model and analytical hierarchy process. By applying this method, water environmental carrying capacity situation of a certain public resource tourist attraction can be gained, moreover, situations about several aspects of water environmental carrying capacity can be evaluated.展开更多
On the basis of the soil environment investigation in Da′an City, Jilin Province, China, 40 soil samples from main land use types were obtained and tested by standard method. Soil organic matter (SOM), total N (TN), ...On the basis of the soil environment investigation in Da′an City, Jilin Province, China, 40 soil samples from main land use types were obtained and tested by standard method. Soil organic matter (SOM), total N (TN), total P (TP), total K (TK), available N (AN), available P (AP) and available K (AK) were chosen as the evaluation factors. A regional soil nutrient evaluation model was developed based on the matter-element model. The results show that the soil samples with nutrient grade Ⅱ–Ⅴ respectively account for 10%, 30%, 32.5% and 27.5%, and those with grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ account for 60% in all samples. The relationship between soil nutrients and land types indicates that the nutrients of farmland are relatively good, with 41.7% of soil samples with the nutrient grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ. The nutrients of saline-alkali land and sandy land are the worst, with 100% of soil samples with the nutrient grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ. And the ratios of soil samples grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ in grassland and wasteland are respectively 62.5 % and 54.55%. Generally speaking, the soil nutrients status in Da′an City is poor, 60% of soil samples are in poor and extremely poor conditions, indicating that the soil has been severely eroded. Being a relatively superior evaluation method with more accurate re- sults and spatial distribution consistency, matter-element analysis is more suitable for regional soil nutrient evaluation than previous models.展开更多
Leakage-before-break technique is widely used in high energy pipeline of nuclear plant, for which crack stability of pipeline under complex loading condition is a key issue, and crack growth resistance curve of pipeli...Leakage-before-break technique is widely used in high energy pipeline of nuclear plant, for which crack stability of pipeline under complex loading condition is a key issue, and crack growth resistance curve of pipeline material is the important foundation for crack stability analysis. In this paper, ferritic steel A533B is studied, Gurson damage model is used to simulate crack process of contact tension specimen under unitension, and effect of Gurson model parameter on simulation result is discussed. The following results are found during simulation: initial porosity factor is the main parameter, when it increases gradually, unstable crack extension will be observed;however, only initial J toughness is affected by critical porosity factor;the minor parameter is load step control, when it increases, stable and convergent result is obtained. All results in this paper can be used to determine parameters in Gurson mode, which will be foundation for crack extension analysis of pipeline.展开更多
A two-dimensional model for transport and the coupled electric field is applied to simulate a charging lithium-ion cell and investigate the effects of lithium concentration gradients within electrodes on cell performa...A two-dimensional model for transport and the coupled electric field is applied to simulate a charging lithium-ion cell and investigate the effects of lithium concentration gradients within electrodes on cell performance. The lithium concentration gradients within electrodes are affected by the cell geometry. Two different geometries are investigated: extending the length of the electrolyte past the edges of the electrodes and extending the length of the cathode past the edge of the anode. It is found that the electrolyte extension has little impact on the behavior of the electrodes, although it does increase the effective conductivity of the electrolyte in the edge region. However, the extension of the cathode past the edge of the anode, and the possibility for electrochemical reactions on the flooded electrode edges, are both found to impact the concentration gradients of lithium in electrodes and the current distribution within the electrolyte during charging. It is found that concentration gradients of lithium within electrodes may have stronger impacts on electrolytic current distributions, depending on the level of completeness of cell charge. This is because very different gradients of electric potential are expected from similar electrode gradients of lithium concentrations at different levels of cell charge, especially for the LixC6 cathode investigated in this study. This leads to the prediction of significant electric potential gradients along the electrolyte length during early cell charging, and a reduced risk of lithium deposition on the cathode edge during later cell charging, as seen experimentally by others.展开更多
The architectural patterns of sedimentary succession are diverse in different depositionalbasins. The sedimentary architecture and geological condition of such basins asepicontinental sea, intraplate limnic basins, et...The architectural patterns of sedimentary succession are diverse in different depositionalbasins. The sedimentary architecture and geological condition of such basins asepicontinental sea, intraplate limnic basins, etc., differ cIearly from those of continentalmargin basin. Extension, complement and perfection of sequence stratigraphic models are needed in the studies of various depositional basins based on the classical sequence model. This paper, for this reason,expounds the thought, principles of sequence division, methodology and technology of the study of sequence stratigraphy in epicontinental and limnic basins.展开更多
The article analyses several key issues which restrict the effectiveness of fund project peer review work. It analyses the evaluating theory and matter-element theory to access the expert anti-evaluation model, and al...The article analyses several key issues which restrict the effectiveness of fund project peer review work. It analyses the evaluating theory and matter-element theory to access the expert anti-evaluation model, and also studies the expert anti-evaluation index system to support the anti-evaluation method. The practical basis is the true score data of the experts which is collected from the actual anti-evaluation in Liaoning province science and technology fund project peer review system. With the practical experience of the actual project, we prove that the expert index system anti-evaluation model and expert anti-evaluation method can improve the fund project peer review work and play a positive role for the peer review work and also make the review work more scientific and more rational.展开更多
This paper describes an extension and a new foundation of the Standard Model of particle physics based on a SU(4)-force called hyper-color, and on preon subparticles. The hyper-color force is a generalization of the S...This paper describes an extension and a new foundation of the Standard Model of particle physics based on a SU(4)-force called hyper-color, and on preon subparticles. The hyper-color force is a generalization of the SU(2)-based weak interaction and the SU(1)-based right-chiral self-interaction, in which the W-and the Z-bosons are Yukawa residual-field-carriers of the hyper-color force, in the same sense as the pions are the residual-field-carriers of the color SU(3) interaction. Using the method of numerical minimization of the SU(4)-action based on this model, the masses and the inner structure of leptons, quarks and weak bosons are calculated: the mass results are very close to the experimental values. We calculate also precisely the value of the Cabibbo angle, so the mixing matrices of the Standard model, CKM matrix for quarks and PMNS matrix for neutrinos can also be calculated. In total, we reduce the 29 parameters of the Standard Model to a total of 7 parameters.展开更多
The boundary between lithosphere and asthenosphere essentially represents a thermal boundary (the solidus). Temperature variation across this boundary can lead to the change of lithosphere thickness. In the case of el...The boundary between lithosphere and asthenosphere essentially represents a thermal boundary (the solidus). Temperature variation across this boundary can lead to the change of lithosphere thickness. In the case of elevated temperatures in a lithospheric layer above 1 200℃, partial melting will begin and the result of that is a thinned lithosphere. The other mechanism that can also thin lithosphere is extension. Stretching during an extension event can result in a thinner and longer lithosphere. The two mechanisms above are the reason why we can alserve large variations in lithosphere thickness spatially across various continents and temporally throughout the geological history.展开更多
The slope stability is affected by multiple factors. Thecomprehensive evaluation of the slope stability is a complicateproblem. The principles of extension theory have been used in thispaper to establish the matter-el...The slope stability is affected by multiple factors. Thecomprehensive evaluation of the slope stability is a complicateproblem. The principles of extension theory have been used in thispaper to establish the matter-element model for the evaluation ofslope stability. The quantitative evaluated results have been giventhrough the calculation of the matter-element dependent degree.展开更多
Mesoscale coupling between perturbations of mesoscale sea surface temperature (SST) and lowlevel winds has been extensively studied using available high-resolution satellite observations. However, the climatological i...Mesoscale coupling between perturbations of mesoscale sea surface temperature (SST) and lowlevel winds has been extensively studied using available high-resolution satellite observations. However, the climatological impacts of mesoscale SST perturbations (SST meso ) on the free atmosphere have not been fully understood. In this study, the rectified eff ect of SSTmeso on local climatological precipitation in the Kuroshio- Oyashio Extension (KOE) region is investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model;two runs are performed, one forced by low-resolution SST fields (almost no mesoscale signals) and another by additional high-resolution SSTmeso fields extracted from satellite observations. Climatological precipitation response to SST meso is characterized mainly by enhanced precipitation on the warmer flank of three oceanic SST fronts in this region. The results show that the positive correlation between the 10-m wind speed perturbations and SSTmeso is well captured by the WRF model with a reasonable spatial pattern but relatively weak strength. The addition of SSTmeso improves the climatological precipitation simulated by WRF with a better representation of fine-scale structures compared with satellite observations. A closer examination on the underlying mechanism suggests that while the pressure adjustment mechanism can explain the climatological precipitation enhancement along the fronts and the relatively high contribution of the convective precipitation, other factors such as synoptic events should also be taken into consideration to account for the seasonality of the precipitation response.展开更多
In this study, the initial perturbations that are the easiest to trigger the Kuroshio Extension (KE) transition connecting a basic weak jet state and a strong, fairly stable meandering state, are investigated using ...In this study, the initial perturbations that are the easiest to trigger the Kuroshio Extension (KE) transition connecting a basic weak jet state and a strong, fairly stable meandering state, are investigated using a reduced-gravity shallow water ocean model and the CNOP (Conditional Nonlinear Optimal Perturbation) approach. This kind of initial perturbation is called an optimal precursor (OPR). The spatial structures and evolutionary processes of the OPRs are analyzed in detail. The results show that most of the OPRs are in the form of negative sea surface height (SSH) anomalies mainly located in a narrow band region south of the KE jet, in basic agreement with altimetric observations. These negative SSH anomalies reduce the merid- ional SSH gradient within the KE, thus weakening the strength of the jet. The KE jet then becomes more convoluted, with a high-frequency and large-amplitude variability corresponding to a high eddy kinetic energy level; this gradually strengthens the KE jet through an inverse energy cascade. Eventually, the KE reaches a high-energy state characterized by two well defined and fairly stable anticyclonic meanders. Moreover, sensitivity experiments indicate that the spatial structures of the OPRs are not sensitive to the model parameters and to the optimization times used in the analysis.展开更多
Evaluation of pavement performance is one of the most important issues in a pavement-management system.By employing the concept of entropy,the matter-element model for evaluating pavement is established,and the weight...Evaluation of pavement performance is one of the most important issues in a pavement-management system.By employing the concept of entropy,the matter-element model for evaluating pavement is established,and the weights of the evaluation indices are obtained from sur-veying data.By calculating the degree of dependence of the matter-element model,the pavement performance evaluation can be obtained by this method.The results show that the matter-element model based on entropy right has good performance for evaluating the pavement condition in permafrost region.展开更多
A novel extension diagnosis method was proposed for enhancing the diagnosis ability of the conventional dissolved gas analysis. Based on the extension theory a matter-element model was established for qualitatively an...A novel extension diagnosis method was proposed for enhancing the diagnosis ability of the conventional dissolved gas analysis. Based on the extension theory a matter-element model was established for qualitatively and quantitatively describing the fault diagnosis problem of power transformers. The degree of relation based on the dependent functions was employed to determine the nature and the grade of the faults in a transformer system. And the proposed method was verified with the experimental data. The results show that accuracy rate of the diagnosis method exceeds 90% and two kinds of faults can be detected at the same time.展开更多
The ~1.8 billion years old North China Craton(NCC)has been thermally rejuvenated during the Mesozoic,experiencing two major phases of crustal extension and volcanism since then.The earlier phase of extension,lasted fr...The ~1.8 billion years old North China Craton(NCC)has been thermally rejuvenated during the Mesozoic,experiencing two major phases of crustal extension and volcanism since then.The earlier phase of extension,lasted from middle Mesozoic to early Cenozoic,was widespread in eastern NCC and accompanied with extensive volcanism.The later phase of extension,started in late Cenozoic and is active today,has been localized around the Ordos block,a residual core of the NCC,with limited volcanism.Here we investigate the causes of the NCC extension using finite element method.Numerical results indicate that the diffuse and closely-spaced extension during Mesozoic and early Cenozoic requires a thin and weak lithosphere,which supports the notion of significant lithospheric thinning under the eastern NCC,perhaps by delamination or thermal erosion of the lithospheric root.The western NCC,including the Ordos block,was largely spared by this phase of extension.The late Cenozoic extension around the Ordos block is commonly attributed to the Indo-Asian collision and mantle flow under eastern NCC.Our numerical results show that,regardless of the causing mechanism,a relatively thick and strong lithosphere is needed for the localized extension in western NCC,and preexisting weak zones in the lithosphere is a necessary condition for localized rifting around the Ordos.This preexisting lithospheric weakness is most likely inherited from the amalgamation of the NCC basement ~1.8 billion years ago.The late Cenozoic circum-Ordos rifting thus illustrates the control of ancient continental structures on recent tectonics.展开更多
文摘In the case of reverse drag of normal faulting, the displacement and horizontal extension are determined based on the established equations for the three mechanisms: rigid body, vertical shear and inclined shear. There are three sub-cases of basal detachment for the rigid body model: horizontal detachment, antithetic detachment and synthetic detachment. For the rigid body model, the established equations indicate that the total displacement on the synthetic base (D<sub>t2</sub>) is the largest, that on the horizontal base (D<sub>t1</sub>) is moderate, and that on the antithetic base (D<sub>t3</sub>) is the smallest. On the other hand, the value of (D<sub>t1</sub>) is larger than the displacement for the vertical shear (D<sub>t4</sub>). The value of (D<sub>t1</sub>) is larger than or less than the displacement for the inclined shear (D<sub>t5</sub>) depending on the original fault dip δ<sub>0</sub>, bedding angle θ, and the angle of shear direction β. For all original parameters, the value of D<sub>t5</sub> is less than the value of D<sub>t4</sub>. Also, by comparing three rotation mechanisms, we find that the inclined shear produces largest extension, the rigid body model with horizontal detachment produces the smallest extension, and the vertical shear model produces moderate extension.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program(973) of China (No.2007CB41170403)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40806023)the Scientific Research Fund of the SIO,SOA(No.1404-10)
文摘As one of the Special Economic Zones since the reform and opening up, Zhuhai has developed during the past 30 years. Its economic development, industrial structure and ecological environment have undergone great changes. Research on changes in Zhuhai’s land ecological security is of great significance. Using relevant data from 2007-2012, this study established a land ecological security assessment system based on the PSR conceptual framework model. The system contained 18 indicators from 3 aspects according to the concrete features of Zhuhai. Then we used the matterelement analysis and the improved entropy weight to analyze and evaluate the land ecological security of Zhuhai. The results showed that: from 2007 to 2012, the levels of the land ecological security of Zhuhai were “secure”, and the value increased year by year;as the land ecological security response value increased, Zhuhai was capable of solving land ecosystem problems. However, it should be noted that the structure of land ecosystem in Zhuhai has not formed and that rapid expansion of construction land has caused the shortage of cultivated land and other issues. Measures should be taken to control the construction area, improve land intensive utilization and improve the land ecological security.
基金Science and Technology Projects in Key Fields of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tianjin(No.2021010)Discipline Development Fund of First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.XKJJ201734)。
文摘Objective:To establish extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa(XDR-PA)infection-induced pneumonia model in rats.Methods:Twenty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into blank group,low bacterial group,medium bacterial group,and high bacterial group.The low,medium and high bacterial groups were given intratracheal instillation of 0.1 mL of bacterial suspension(bacterial concentration in turn is 7.5×10^(9),3×10^(10),6×10^(10)CFU/mL),while the blank group were given the same volume of sterile normal saline.After modeling,the general conditions of rats in each group were observed,including mental state,hair,respiration,activity,eating,weight,and the survival curve was drawn.The pathological characteristics of lung tissue and the infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed.Pathogenic identification of each group was carried out by bacterial culture of lung tissue homogenate.Results:The general state of the blank group was normal,and the rats in other groups showed signs of mental depression,bristling,shortness of breath,even oral and nasal bleeding,decreased food intake and activity,and significant weight loss,and different degrees of death within 48 hours,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Pathological results showed that the alveolar structure of rats in the blank group was complete,and the alveolar space was clear without exudation.The lung tissue of the low and medium bacterial groups showed obvious inflammatory cell infiltration,alveolar structure destruction,alveolar septum thickening,interstitial edema,but the pathological damage of the medium group was more severe,with a mortality rate of up to 50%,and the mortality rate of the low bacterial group was 17%.In the high bacterial group,red blood cells,inflammatory cells and a large amount of fibrin-like exudation can be seen in the alveolar space,which has the pathological characteristics of acute respiratory failure,and the mortality rate is as high as 67%.The results of bacterial culture of lung tissue homogenate showed that the blank group had no bacterial colonies,while PA colony growth can be seen in low,medium and high bacterial groups.Conclusion:9 Intratracheal instillation of low bacterial count(0.1 mL of 7.5×10^(9) CFU/mL)XDR-PA bacterial suspension can successfully construct a rat pneumonia model of XDR-PA infection.
文摘Aiming at the limitations of the existing knowledge representations in intelligent detection, a new method of Extension-based Knowledge Representation (EKR) was proposed. The definitions, grammar rules, and storage structure of EKR were presented. An Extension Solving Model (ESM) based on EKR was discussed in detail, including creation of the extension constraint graph, extended inference, calculation of relevant functions and generation of extension set. A knowledge base system based on EKR and ESM was developed, which was applied in extension repository system intelligent design of detection in photosynthesis process of D.huoshanense. More reasonable results were obtained than traditional rule-based system. EKR was feasible in intelligent design to solve the problem of intelligent detection knowledge representations.
文摘When water environmental carrying capacity of public resource tourist attraction is studied, the two action subjects of tourists and local residents should be discussed, and comprehensive consideration must be given to the influence of these two on water environment. On the basis of water resource carrying capacity and water quality carrying capacity, water environmental carrying capacity index of public resource tourist attraction was constructed, the model for the water environmental carrying capacity of public resource tourist attraction was established on the basis of matter-element model and analytical hierarchy process. By applying this method, water environmental carrying capacity situation of a certain public resource tourist attraction can be gained, moreover, situations about several aspects of water environmental carrying capacity can be evaluated.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40572170, 40871088 )
文摘On the basis of the soil environment investigation in Da′an City, Jilin Province, China, 40 soil samples from main land use types were obtained and tested by standard method. Soil organic matter (SOM), total N (TN), total P (TP), total K (TK), available N (AN), available P (AP) and available K (AK) were chosen as the evaluation factors. A regional soil nutrient evaluation model was developed based on the matter-element model. The results show that the soil samples with nutrient grade Ⅱ–Ⅴ respectively account for 10%, 30%, 32.5% and 27.5%, and those with grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ account for 60% in all samples. The relationship between soil nutrients and land types indicates that the nutrients of farmland are relatively good, with 41.7% of soil samples with the nutrient grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ. The nutrients of saline-alkali land and sandy land are the worst, with 100% of soil samples with the nutrient grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ. And the ratios of soil samples grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ in grassland and wasteland are respectively 62.5 % and 54.55%. Generally speaking, the soil nutrients status in Da′an City is poor, 60% of soil samples are in poor and extremely poor conditions, indicating that the soil has been severely eroded. Being a relatively superior evaluation method with more accurate re- sults and spatial distribution consistency, matter-element analysis is more suitable for regional soil nutrient evaluation than previous models.
文摘Leakage-before-break technique is widely used in high energy pipeline of nuclear plant, for which crack stability of pipeline under complex loading condition is a key issue, and crack growth resistance curve of pipeline material is the important foundation for crack stability analysis. In this paper, ferritic steel A533B is studied, Gurson damage model is used to simulate crack process of contact tension specimen under unitension, and effect of Gurson model parameter on simulation result is discussed. The following results are found during simulation: initial porosity factor is the main parameter, when it increases gradually, unstable crack extension will be observed;however, only initial J toughness is affected by critical porosity factor;the minor parameter is load step control, when it increases, stable and convergent result is obtained. All results in this paper can be used to determine parameters in Gurson mode, which will be foundation for crack extension analysis of pipeline.
文摘A two-dimensional model for transport and the coupled electric field is applied to simulate a charging lithium-ion cell and investigate the effects of lithium concentration gradients within electrodes on cell performance. The lithium concentration gradients within electrodes are affected by the cell geometry. Two different geometries are investigated: extending the length of the electrolyte past the edges of the electrodes and extending the length of the cathode past the edge of the anode. It is found that the electrolyte extension has little impact on the behavior of the electrodes, although it does increase the effective conductivity of the electrolyte in the edge region. However, the extension of the cathode past the edge of the anode, and the possibility for electrochemical reactions on the flooded electrode edges, are both found to impact the concentration gradients of lithium in electrodes and the current distribution within the electrolyte during charging. It is found that concentration gradients of lithium within electrodes may have stronger impacts on electrolytic current distributions, depending on the level of completeness of cell charge. This is because very different gradients of electric potential are expected from similar electrode gradients of lithium concentrations at different levels of cell charge, especially for the LixC6 cathode investigated in this study. This leads to the prediction of significant electric potential gradients along the electrolyte length during early cell charging, and a reduced risk of lithium deposition on the cathode edge during later cell charging, as seen experimentally by others.
文摘The architectural patterns of sedimentary succession are diverse in different depositionalbasins. The sedimentary architecture and geological condition of such basins asepicontinental sea, intraplate limnic basins, etc., differ cIearly from those of continentalmargin basin. Extension, complement and perfection of sequence stratigraphic models are needed in the studies of various depositional basins based on the classical sequence model. This paper, for this reason,expounds the thought, principles of sequence division, methodology and technology of the study of sequence stratigraphy in epicontinental and limnic basins.
文摘The article analyses several key issues which restrict the effectiveness of fund project peer review work. It analyses the evaluating theory and matter-element theory to access the expert anti-evaluation model, and also studies the expert anti-evaluation index system to support the anti-evaluation method. The practical basis is the true score data of the experts which is collected from the actual anti-evaluation in Liaoning province science and technology fund project peer review system. With the practical experience of the actual project, we prove that the expert index system anti-evaluation model and expert anti-evaluation method can improve the fund project peer review work and play a positive role for the peer review work and also make the review work more scientific and more rational.
文摘This paper describes an extension and a new foundation of the Standard Model of particle physics based on a SU(4)-force called hyper-color, and on preon subparticles. The hyper-color force is a generalization of the SU(2)-based weak interaction and the SU(1)-based right-chiral self-interaction, in which the W-and the Z-bosons are Yukawa residual-field-carriers of the hyper-color force, in the same sense as the pions are the residual-field-carriers of the color SU(3) interaction. Using the method of numerical minimization of the SU(4)-action based on this model, the masses and the inner structure of leptons, quarks and weak bosons are calculated: the mass results are very close to the experimental values. We calculate also precisely the value of the Cabibbo angle, so the mixing matrices of the Standard model, CKM matrix for quarks and PMNS matrix for neutrinos can also be calculated. In total, we reduce the 29 parameters of the Standard Model to a total of 7 parameters.
文摘The boundary between lithosphere and asthenosphere essentially represents a thermal boundary (the solidus). Temperature variation across this boundary can lead to the change of lithosphere thickness. In the case of elevated temperatures in a lithospheric layer above 1 200℃, partial melting will begin and the result of that is a thinned lithosphere. The other mechanism that can also thin lithosphere is extension. Stretching during an extension event can result in a thinner and longer lithosphere. The two mechanisms above are the reason why we can alserve large variations in lithosphere thickness spatially across various continents and temporally throughout the geological history.
基金Hubei Key Scientific and Technological Items(981P1201).
文摘The slope stability is affected by multiple factors. Thecomprehensive evaluation of the slope stability is a complicateproblem. The principles of extension theory have been used in thispaper to establish the matter-element model for the evaluation ofslope stability. The quantitative evaluated results have been giventhrough the calculation of the matter-element dependent degree.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2017YFC1404102,2017YFC1404100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41490644,41490640)+2 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Priority Project,the Western Pacific Ocean System(No.XDA11010105)the NSFC-Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers(No.U1406402)the Taishan Scholarship and the Recruitment Program of Global Experts
文摘Mesoscale coupling between perturbations of mesoscale sea surface temperature (SST) and lowlevel winds has been extensively studied using available high-resolution satellite observations. However, the climatological impacts of mesoscale SST perturbations (SST meso ) on the free atmosphere have not been fully understood. In this study, the rectified eff ect of SSTmeso on local climatological precipitation in the Kuroshio- Oyashio Extension (KOE) region is investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model;two runs are performed, one forced by low-resolution SST fields (almost no mesoscale signals) and another by additional high-resolution SSTmeso fields extracted from satellite observations. Climatological precipitation response to SST meso is characterized mainly by enhanced precipitation on the warmer flank of three oceanic SST fronts in this region. The results show that the positive correlation between the 10-m wind speed perturbations and SSTmeso is well captured by the WRF model with a reasonable spatial pattern but relatively weak strength. The addition of SSTmeso improves the climatological precipitation simulated by WRF with a better representation of fine-scale structures compared with satellite observations. A closer examination on the underlying mechanism suggests that while the pressure adjustment mechanism can explain the climatological precipitation enhancement along the fronts and the relatively high contribution of the convective precipitation, other factors such as synoptic events should also be taken into consideration to account for the seasonality of the precipitation response.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41576015, 41306023, 41490644 and 41490640)the Natural Science Foundation Of China (NSFC) Innovative Group (Grant No. 41421005)+1 种基金the NSFC–Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers (Grant No. U1406401)support from the University of Naples Parthenope (Grant No. DSTE315)
文摘In this study, the initial perturbations that are the easiest to trigger the Kuroshio Extension (KE) transition connecting a basic weak jet state and a strong, fairly stable meandering state, are investigated using a reduced-gravity shallow water ocean model and the CNOP (Conditional Nonlinear Optimal Perturbation) approach. This kind of initial perturbation is called an optimal precursor (OPR). The spatial structures and evolutionary processes of the OPRs are analyzed in detail. The results show that most of the OPRs are in the form of negative sea surface height (SSH) anomalies mainly located in a narrow band region south of the KE jet, in basic agreement with altimetric observations. These negative SSH anomalies reduce the merid- ional SSH gradient within the KE, thus weakening the strength of the jet. The KE jet then becomes more convoluted, with a high-frequency and large-amplitude variability corresponding to a high eddy kinetic energy level; this gradually strengthens the KE jet through an inverse energy cascade. Eventually, the KE reaches a high-energy state characterized by two well defined and fairly stable anticyclonic meanders. Moreover, sensitivity experiments indicate that the spatial structures of the OPRs are not sensitive to the model parameters and to the optimization times used in the analysis.
文摘Evaluation of pavement performance is one of the most important issues in a pavement-management system.By employing the concept of entropy,the matter-element model for evaluating pavement is established,and the weights of the evaluation indices are obtained from sur-veying data.By calculating the degree of dependence of the matter-element model,the pavement performance evaluation can be obtained by this method.The results show that the matter-element model based on entropy right has good performance for evaluating the pavement condition in permafrost region.
文摘A novel extension diagnosis method was proposed for enhancing the diagnosis ability of the conventional dissolved gas analysis. Based on the extension theory a matter-element model was established for qualitatively and quantitatively describing the fault diagnosis problem of power transformers. The degree of relation based on the dependent functions was employed to determine the nature and the grade of the faults in a transformer system. And the proposed method was verified with the experimental data. The results show that accuracy rate of the diagnosis method exceeds 90% and two kinds of faults can be detected at the same time.
基金support from NSF (grants EAR-1519980 and OISE-0730154)NSFC (grant 41374104)
文摘The ~1.8 billion years old North China Craton(NCC)has been thermally rejuvenated during the Mesozoic,experiencing two major phases of crustal extension and volcanism since then.The earlier phase of extension,lasted from middle Mesozoic to early Cenozoic,was widespread in eastern NCC and accompanied with extensive volcanism.The later phase of extension,started in late Cenozoic and is active today,has been localized around the Ordos block,a residual core of the NCC,with limited volcanism.Here we investigate the causes of the NCC extension using finite element method.Numerical results indicate that the diffuse and closely-spaced extension during Mesozoic and early Cenozoic requires a thin and weak lithosphere,which supports the notion of significant lithospheric thinning under the eastern NCC,perhaps by delamination or thermal erosion of the lithospheric root.The western NCC,including the Ordos block,was largely spared by this phase of extension.The late Cenozoic extension around the Ordos block is commonly attributed to the Indo-Asian collision and mantle flow under eastern NCC.Our numerical results show that,regardless of the causing mechanism,a relatively thick and strong lithosphere is needed for the localized extension in western NCC,and preexisting weak zones in the lithosphere is a necessary condition for localized rifting around the Ordos.This preexisting lithospheric weakness is most likely inherited from the amalgamation of the NCC basement ~1.8 billion years ago.The late Cenozoic circum-Ordos rifting thus illustrates the control of ancient continental structures on recent tectonics.