Novel PIKfyve/Tubulin Dual-target Inhibitor as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy for B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Objective:In B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia(B-ALL),current intensive chemotherapies for adult patients fail to achieve durable responses in more than 50%of cases,underscoring the urgent need for new therapeutic regimens for this patient population.The present study aimed to determine whether HZX-02-059,a novel dual-target inhibitor targeting both phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5-kinase(PIKfyve)and tubulin,is lethal to B-ALL cells and is a potential therapeutic for B-ALL patients.Methods:Cell proliferation,vacuolization,apoptosis,cell cycle,and in-vivo tumor growth were evaluated.In addition,Genome-wide RNA-sequencing studies were conducted to elucidate the mechanisms of action underlying the anti-leukemia activity of HZX-02-059 in B-ALL.Results:HZX-02-059 was found to inhibit cell proliferation,induce vacuolization,promote apoptosis,block the cell cycle,and reduce in-vivo tumor growth.Downregulation of the p53 pathway and suppression of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/AKT pathway and the downstream transcription factors c-Myc and NF-κB were responsible for these observations.Conclusion:Overall,these findings suggest that HZX-02-059 is a promising agent for the treatment of B-ALL patients resistant to conventional therapies.

Individualized leukemia cell-population profiles in common B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients

Immunophenotype is critical for diagnosing common B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (common ALL) and detecting minimal residual disease. We developed a protocol to explore the immunophenotypic profiles of common ALL based on the expression levels of the antigens associated with B lymphoid development, including IL-7Rα (CD127), cytoplasmic CD79a (cCD79a), CD19, VpreB (CD179a), and sIgM, which are successive and essential for progression of B cells along their developmental pathway. Analysis of the immunophenotypes of 48 common ALL cases showed that the immunophenotypic patterns were highly heterogeneous, with the leukemic cell population differing from case to case. Through the comprehensive analysis of immunophenotypic patterns, the profiles of patient-specific composite leukemia cell populations could provide detailed information helpful for the diagnosis, therapeutic monitoring, and individualized therapies for common ALL.

Post-Therapy Profile of BMI-for-Age of Indian Survivors of Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Background: Obesity in pediatric ALL survivors is a well recognized late effect. Hence the present study examines the BMI-for-age of Indian childhood ALL and NHL survivors. Method: A retrospective study of 118 ALL/NHL survivors and 138 age sex matched was carried out. From the recorded heights and weights were body mass index (BMI) was computed. The survivor data was compared with 138 controls from the data set collected by investigators previously. Results: 82.8% of patients had BMI-for-age in 5th-84th percentile (healthy) at time of diagnosis and at inclusion in the study. Comparison of BMI of survivors with matched controls was not significant. However, The mean BMI-for-age for younger patients (3 to 12 years) was significantly higher than mean BMI-for-age of matched controls. Distribution of data by time elapsed from therapy was significant. Overweight/obesity was observed among the survivors who were off therapy for two years with increase in after four years post-therapy. Conclusion: Our preliminary study indicates late effects of therapy and points to the need of long term assessment of the survivors, even though majority of them were within the normal weight range.

Graft vs host disease impacts overall survival post allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma

AIM To examine the outcome and prognostic factors for high risk patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma(ALL/LBL) who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HCT) at our center during the period of2010-2017 METHODS After due institutional review board approval, patients with high risk ALL/LBL post HCT were identified and included. All records were retrospectively collected. Time to event analysis was calculated from the date of HCT until event of interest or last follow up with Kaplan-Meir means. Cox regression model was used for multivariable analysis calculation.RESULTS A total of 69 patients were enrolled and examined with a median age of 21(14-61). After a median follow up of 15 mo(2-87.3), the 2-year cumulative incidence of relapse, cumulative incidence of non-relapse mortality, progression free survival and overall survival(OS) were 34.1%, 10.9%, 54.9% and 62.8%,respectively. In a multivariable analysis for OS; acute graft vs host disease(GVHD) and chronic GVHD were significant with corresponding hazard ratio 4.9(1.99-12; P = 0.0007) and 0.29(0.1-0.67; P = 0.0044), respectively.CONCLUSION Allogeneic-HCT for high risk ALL/LBL resulted in promising remissions particularly for patients with cGVHD.

Coexistence of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,acute myeloid leukemia,and untreated lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/waldenström macroglobulinemia in a same patient:A case report

BACKGROUND The Coexistence of myeloid and lymphoid malignancies is rare.Myeloid leukemia occurs more frequently as a secondary event in patients receiving chemotherapy agents for lymphoid malignancies.Synchronous diagnoses of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL),acute myeloid leukemia(AML),and untreated lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenström macroglobulinemia(LPL/WM)in the same patient have not been reported.Here we report one such case.CASE SUMMARY An 89-year-old man had a chest wall mass histopathologically diagnosed as DLBCL.The bone marrow and peripheral blood contained two groups of cells.One group of cells fulfilled the criteria of AML,and the other revealed the features of small B lymphocytic proliferative disorder,which we considered LPL/WM.Multiple chromosomal or genetic changes were detected in bone marrow mononuclear cells,including ATM deletion,CCND1 amplification,mutations of MYD88(L265P)and TP53,WT1 overexpression,and fusion gene of BIRC2-ARAP1,as well as complex chromosomal abnormalities.The patient refused chemotherapy because of old age and died of pneumonia 1 mo after the final diagnosis.CONCLUSION The coexistence of DLBCL,AML,and untreated LPL/WM in the same patient is extremely rare,which probably results from multiple steps of genetic abnormalities.Asymptomatic LPL/WM might have occurred first,then myelodysplastic syndromerelated AML developed,and finally aggressive DLBCL arose.Therefore,medical staff should pay attention to this rare phenomenon to avoid misdiagnoses.

Advances in the development of chimeric antigen receptor-T-cell therapy in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T-cell(CAR-T)therapy is effective in refractory/relapsed(R/R)B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia(B-ALL).This review focuses on achievements,current obstacles,and future directions in CAR-T research.A high complete remission rate of 68%to 93%could be achieved after anti-CD19 CAR-T treatment for B-ALL.Cytokine release syndrome and CAR-T-related neurotoxicity could be managed.In view of difficulties collecting autologous lymphocytes,universal CAR-T is a direction to explore.Regarding the high relapse rate after anti-CD19 CAR-T therapy,the main solutions have been developing new targets including CD22 CAR-T,or CD19/CD22 dual CAR-T.Additionally,some studies showed that bridging into transplant post-CAR-T could improve leukemia-free survival.Some patients who did not respond to CAR-T therapy were found to have an abnormal conformation of the CD19 exon or trogocytosis.Anti-CD19 CAR-T therapy for R/R B-ALL is effective.From individual to universal CAR-T,from one target to multi-targets,CAR-T-cell has a chance to be off the shelf in the future.

Preclinical characterization and comparison between CD3/CD19 bispecific and novel CD3/CD19/CD20 trispecific antibodies against B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia:targeted immunotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia

The CD19-targeting bispecific T-cell engager blinatumomab has shown remarkable efficacy in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia.However,several studies showed that blinatumomab has a short plasma half-life due to its low molecular weight,and thus its clinical use is limited.Furthermore,multiple trials have shown that approximately 30%of blinatumomab-relapsed cases are characterized by CD19 negative leukemic cells.Here,we design and characterize two novel antibodies,A-319 and A-2019.Blinatumomab and A-319 are CD3/CD19 bispecific antibodies with different molecular sizes and structures,and A-2019 is a novel CD3/CD19/CD20 trispecific antibody with an additional anti-CD20 function.Our in vitro,ex vivo,and in vivo experiments demonstrated that A-319 and A-2019 are potent antitumor agents and capable of recruiting CD3 positive T cells,enhancing T-cell function,mediating B-cell depletion,and eventually inhibiting tumor growth in Raji xenograft models.The two molecules are complementary in terms of efficacy and specificity profile.The activity of A-319 demonstrated superior to that of A-2019,whereas A-2019 has an additional capability to target CD20 in cells missing CD19,suggesting its potential function against CD19 weak or negative CD20 positive leukemic cells.

Haploidentical transplantation has a superior graft-versus-leukemia effect than HLA-matched sibling transplantation for Ph- high-risk B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Background: Compared with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched sibling donor (MSD) transplantation, it remains unclear whether haploidentical donor (HID) transplantation has a superior graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect for Philadelphia-negative (Ph-) high-risk B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). This study aimed to compare the GVL effect between HID and MSD transplantation for Ph- high-risk B-ALL.Methods: This study population came from two prospective multicenter trials (NCT01883180, NCT02673008). Immunosuppressant withdrawal and prophylactic or pre-emptive donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) were administered in patients without active graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) to prevent relapse. All patients with measurable residual disease (MRD) positivity posttransplantation (post-MRD+) or non-remission (NR) pre-transplantation received prophylactic/pre-emptive interventions. The primary endpoint was the incidence of post-MRD+.Results: A total of 335 patients with Ph- high-risk B-ALL were enrolled, including 145 and 190, respectively, in the HID and MSD groups. The 3-year cumulative incidence of post-MRD+ was 27.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 20.2%-34.7%) and 42.6% (35.5%-49.6%) in the HID and MSD groups(P = 0.003), respectively. A total of 156 patients received DLI, including 60 (41.4%) and 96 (50.5%), respectively, in the HID and MSD groups (P= 0.096). The 3-year cumulative incidence of relapse was 18.6% (95% CI: 12.7%-25.4%) and 25.9% (19.9%-32.3%;P = 0.116) in the two groups, respectively. The 3-year overall survival (OS) was 67.4% (95% CI: 59.1%-74.4%) and 61.6% (54.2%-68.1%;P = 0.382), leukemia-free survival (LFS) was 63.4% (95% CI: 55.0%-70.7%) and 58.2% (50.8%-64.9%;P= 0.429), and GVHD-free/relapse-free survival (GRFS) was 51.7% (95% CI: 43.3%-59.5%) and 37.8% (30.9%-44.6%;P= 0.041), respectively, in the HID and MSD groups.Conclusion: HID transplantation has a lower incidence of post-MRD+ than MSD transplantation, suggesting that HID transplantation might have a superior GVL effect than MSD transplantation for Ph- high-risk B-ALL patients.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01883180, NCT02673008.

Bioinformatics analysis of microRNA comprehensive regulatory network in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Objective To reveal the involvement of molecules in the pathogenesis of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia(B-ALL)by bioinformatics analyses.Methods The microarray data of B-ALL were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database and Qlucore Omics Explorer software was used to screen differentially expressed miRNA.Based on the differentially

Is there a role for B lymphocyte chimerism in the monitoring of B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients receiving allogeneic stem cell transplantation?

Objective: To determine the sensitivity and significance of B-cell chimerism for the detection of early engraftment, transplant rejection, and disease relapse. Methods: The dynamic monitoring of lineage-specific cell subtypes (B, T, and NK cells) was made in 20 B-cell acute lympho-blastic leukemia (B-ALL) patients following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). In the early period after allo-HSCT, the latest establishment of B-cell complete chimerism (CC) was observed in a majority of patients. Results: The percentage of donor cells of B-cell lineage was lower than the percent of T-cell lineage in most of the mixed chimerism (MC) patients. During graft rejection, the frequency of patients with decreasing MC of B-, T-and NK-cell lineage were 5/5, 2/5, and 2/5. When disease relapsed, five patients showed a faster decrease of the donor percent of B-cells than of T-or NK-cells. Only one patient displayed a more rapid decrease in NK-cells than in T-or B-cells. Conclusion: Monitoring of B-cell chimerism after HSCT seems to be valuable for insuring complete engraftment, anticipating graft rejection, and relapse in B-ALL patients. Copyright ? 2015, Chinese Medical Association Production. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Culturing adequate CAR-T cells from less peripheral blood to treat B-cell malignancies

Objective:Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T(CAR-T)cells have shown impressive results against relapsed/refractory B cell malignancies.However,the traditional manufacture of CAR-T cells requires leukapheresis to isolate large amounts of peripheral blood T cells,thus making some patients ineligible for the procedure.Methods:We developed a simple method for CAR-T cell preparation requiring small volumes of peripheral blood.First,CD3+T cells isolated from 50 mL peripheral blood from patients(B-cell malignancies)were stimulated with immobilized anti-CD3/RetroNectin in 6-well plates and then transduced with CAR-expressing lentiviral vector.After 4 d,the T cells were transferred to culture bags for large-scale CAR-T cell expansion.In vitro and animal experiments were performed to evaluate the activity of the manufactured CAR-T cells.Finally,29 patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia(B-ALL)and 9 patients with B-cell lymphoma were treated with the CAR-T cells.Results:The CAR-T cells were expanded to 1–3×10^(8) cells in 8–10 d and successfully killed B cell-derived malignant tumor cells in vitro and in vivo.For patients with B-ALL,the complete remission rate was 93%1 month after CAR-T cell infusion;after 12 months,the overall survival(OS)and leukemia-free survival rates were 69%and 31%,respectively.For patients with lymphoma,the objective response rate(including complete and partial remission)was 78%2 months after CAR-T cell infusion,and after 12 months,the OS and progression-free survival rates were 71%and 43%,respectively.Cytokine-release syndrome(CRS)occurred in 65.51%and 55.56%of patients with B-ALL and B-cell lymphoma,respectively;severe CRS developed in 20.69%of patients with B-ALL and in no patients with lymphoma.Conclusions:Our novel method can generate sufficient numbers of CAR-T cells for clinical use from 50–100 mL peripheral blood,thus providing an alternative means of CAR-T cell generation for patients ineligible for leukapheresis.

Recurrent lymphoma presenting as painless, chronic intussusception: A case report

BACKGROUND The clinical presentation of acute lymphoblastic lymphoma is highly varied.While prognosis is good, recurrence of disease can occur. Gastrointestinal relapse, including intussusception, is well-described but the absence of abdominal pain in this setting is rare.CASE SUMMARY We report a 13-year-old male with B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia in remission presenting with anemia and weight loss. Examination was significant for absence of abdominal pain, but a stool sample was positive for occult blood. Pan-endoscopy was performed with colonoscopy revealing a mass filling the colonic lumen. Biopsy of the mass confirmed recurrence of recurrent Bcell lymphoma. Computed tomography scan revealed ileocolic intussusception resulting from the tumor. This case is unusual in that the patient had no abdominal pain despite the presence of intussusception.CONCLUSION While intestinal involvement with lymphoma has been well described in the literature, presentation as painless intussusception has not been reported. This case report highlights the wide spectrum of clinical manifestations of recurrent Bcell lymphoma involving the gastrointestinal tract, in particular the near absence of symptoms despite the finding of intussusception.

CGH-based microarray detection of cryptic and novel copy number alterations and balanced translocations in cytogenetically abnormal cases of b-cell all

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy in children, with the majority of cases being of precursor B-cell phenoltype. Conventional cytogenetic analysis plays an important role in the diagnosis of B-cell ALL, identifying characteristic chromosomal abnormalities associated with a given prognosis therein facilitating optimized treatment. The more recent introduction of microarray technology to the analysis of B-cell ALL has afforded both higher resolution for the detection of known abnormalities and an ability to identify novel copy number abnormalities (CNAs) with potential clinical relevance. In the current study, microarray analysis was performed on 20 cytogenetically abnormal B-cell ALL cases (10 pediatric and 10 adult), while a novel microarray-based balanced-translocation detection methodology (translocation CGH or tCGH) was applied to that subset of cases with a known or suspected recurrent balanced translocation. Standard microarray analysis identified that CNAs was not detected by previous conventional cytogenetics in 75% (15/20) cases. tCGH identified 9/9 (100%) balanced translocations defining BCR/ABL1 (x4), ETV6/RUNX1 (x3), and MLL/AFF1 (x2) breakpoints with high resolution. The results illustrate the improved molecular detail afforded by these technologies and a comparison of translocation breakpoints, CNAs and patient age offers new insights into tumor biology with potential prognostic significance.

儿童急性早幼粒细胞白血病治疗后继发T淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤1例临床报告

目的总结急性白血病治疗后继发非霍奇金淋巴瘤患儿的临床诊治过程,探讨疾病相关机理。方法回顾性分析1例急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)治疗后继发T淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤(T-LBL)患儿的临床资料,并检索急性白血病治疗后继发非霍奇金淋巴瘤的文献报告进行总结。结果患儿,男,10岁,因“间断发热”起病,确诊APL后,在治疗过程中出现骨髓复燃,调整治疗方案后达完全缓解,然而在结束白血病治疗后因淋巴结肿大诊断为T-LBL,经规范化疗再次得以缓解。检索近10年文献,急性白血病治疗后继发非霍奇金淋巴瘤共报告9例,均为成人病例,其中6例患者至报告时均为无病生存状态。结论急性白血病治疗后继发非霍奇金淋巴瘤的发生率低、预后较好。此外,对肿瘤性疾病化疗后的患者,需注意继发性肿瘤的发生,应用先进检测技术可提高对继发性肿瘤致病机制的认知。

多中心成人早期前体T细胞白血病/淋巴瘤的临床特征及预后研究

目的:对3个血液学中心的成人早期前体T细胞白血病/淋巴瘤(ETP-ALL/LBL)患者进行回顾性分析,总结其临床特点、治疗及预后影响因素。方法:收集2006年1月至2019年1月来自北京大学第三医院、解放军第一医学中心和中国医学科学院血液学研究所3个血液研究中心共113例T淋巴母细胞白血病/淋巴瘤(T-ALL/LBL)患者的临床数据资料,对其中ETP-ALL/LBL及非ETP-ALL/LBL患者的临床特征及预后进行分析比较。结果:113例T-ALL/LBL患者中,13例诊断为ETP-ALL/LBL(11.5%),其中男性患者11例(84.6%),中位年龄28(18-53)岁。与非ETP-ALL/LBL患者相比,ETP-ALL/LBL患者在年龄、性别、纵隔大包块发生率、临床分期、IPI评分、白细胞水平、乳酸脱氢酶水平方面差异无统计学意义。在13例ETP-ALL/LBL患者中,9例(69.2%)获得完全缓解,ETP-ALL/LBL患者较非ETP-ALL/LBL患者化疗诱导缓解率无统计学差异。在单纯化疗未进行异基因造血干细胞移植的患者中,ETP-ALL/LBL组较非ETP-ALL/LBL组显示出更差的5年生存率(0 vs 7.1%,P=0.008),而在进行异基因造血干细胞移植的患者中,两组5年生存率无统计学差异(37.5%vs 40.2%,P>0.05)。多因素Cox回归分析提示,诱导治疗达到完全缓解、异基因造血干细胞移植以及乳酸脱氢酶水平为影响T-ALL/LBL的独立预后因素。结论:ETP-ALL/LBL较其他类型T-ALL/LBL患者诱导化疗反应率无显著差异,诱导缓解后续贯异基因造血干细胞移植巩固治疗对于提高ETP-ALL/LBL患者远期生存率具有重要意义。

大剂量甲氨蝶呤治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤排泄延迟危险因素分析

目的本研究旨在探究急性淋巴细胞白血病(acute lymphoblastic leukemia,ALL)和非霍奇金淋巴瘤(non-Hodgkin lymphoma,NHL)患者在接受大剂量甲氨蝶呤(high-dose methotrexate,HD-MTX)化疗后可能出现排泄延迟情况,以及可能影响这一情况的因素,为个体化给药提供临床参考依据。方法收集2023年2月~2023年7月在中南大学湘雅医院就诊的急性淋巴细胞白血病和非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者接受完整化疗的数据。采用SPSS 25.0软件对接受HD-MTX化疗的患者在治疗期间排泄延迟情况以及各方面的影响因素进行了分析。结果所有纳入研究的患者中,化疗期间排泄延迟的总发生率为30.9%。ALL小儿组的发生率为29.7%,ALL成人组的发生率为54.2%,NHL组的发生率为24.6%。与排泄正常组的患者比较,在发生排泄延迟的患者中,ALL小儿组与NHL组不良反应发生率均存在显著差异(P<0.01);ALL成人组与NHL组中,化疗前肌酐(Cr)水平的高低均存在显著差异(P<0.05);ALL小儿组、NHL组中分别有两类药物具有显著性差异:胃黏膜保护类药物(P=0.035)、心脏保护类药物(P=0.013)。Logistic回归分析结果表明,不良反应是ALL小儿组和NHL组发生排泄延迟的独立危险因素(ALL小儿组:OR=6.454,P=0.007;NHL组:OR=9.751,P=0.001);在小儿组中,T型疾病分型是发生排泄延迟的独立危险因素(OR=3.989,P=0.039)。结论化疗前肌酐(Cr)水平可能与排泄延迟相关,不良反应的发生情况和T细胞型ALL患儿也是发生排泄延迟的危险因素。

NPL4靶向抑制剂双硫仑对T细胞肿瘤泛素-蛋白酶体通路相关基因表达的影响

目的我们前期的研究表明,双硫仑(disulfiram,DSF)通过核蛋白定位蛋白4同源物(nuclear protein localization protein 4 homolog,NPL4)介导的泛素-蛋白酶体通路发挥抗T细胞肿瘤[主要包括急性T淋巴白血病(T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia,T-ALL)和T细胞淋巴瘤(T-cell lymphoma,TCL)]的作用。本研究旨在探讨双硫仑对T细胞肿瘤中泛素-蛋白酶体通路相关基因表达的调节作用,为T细胞肿瘤的精准靶向治疗提供依据。方法应用0.4μM双硫仑处理T-ALL细胞株Jurkat 48 h,采用转录组测序分析显著性差异表达的基因,并采用10例T细胞肿瘤样本(GZFPH数据集)进行实时荧光定量PCR验证差异基因相对表达水平。最后,从TARGET和GSE58445数据库中下载262例T-ALL和140例TCL的转录组测序数据进行生存分析。结果0.4μM双硫仑处理Jurkat细胞48 h后,在泛素-蛋白酶体通路中,有86个下调和35个上调的基因;其中,单因素Cox回归和生存曲线分析发现,仅有泛素结合酶E2 J1(ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 J1,UBE2J1)基因的低表达与TARGET和GSE58445数据集中T-ALL和TCL患者的不良预后相关(P<0.05)。将UBE2J1的表达水平、年龄和性别纳入单因素和多因素Cox回归分析,结果提示UBE2J1的低表达是T-ALL和TCL患者的独立预后影响因子(P<0.05)。结论双硫仑可调控UBE2J1基因的表达,其低表达与T细胞肿瘤患者的不良预后相关,为进一步阐明双硫仑的抗肿瘤作用及其调控的UBE2J1基因作为T细胞肿瘤的危险分层的分子标志物提供理论依据。

基于培门冬酶的化疗用于治疗急性淋巴细胞白血病和T细胞淋巴瘤的临床疗效和安全性比较研究

目的:研究基于培门冬酶(pegasparaginase,PEG-Asp)的多种化疗方案治疗儿童和成人初治及复发急性淋巴细胞白血病(acute lymphoblastic leukemia,ALL)和T细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤(T cell Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,T-NHL)的临床疗效及不良反应,为临床优化治疗提供新的治疗策略。方法:选取儿童和成人初治及复发ALL和T-NHL共62例,其中应用培门冬酶联合化疗22例(PEG-Asp联合化疗组),应用含左旋门冬酰胺酶的常规化疗方案40例(L-Asp常规化疗组),评价两种疗法的临床疗效、不良反应、住院时间、医疗费用,比较治疗相关死亡率并随访生存情况。结果:近期疗效分析显示,PEG-Asp联合化疗组总缓解20例(90.91%),CR 17例(77.27%),PR 3例(13.64%),L-Asp常规化疗组总缓解35例(87.5%),CR 29例(72.5%),PR 6例(15%),组间及亚组间比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。生存分析显示,6个月、12个月总生存率组间比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。观察期内门冬酰胺酶相关不良反应均为WHO毒性反应1-2级,无3-4级毒性反应和治疗相关死亡率。PEG-Asp联合化疗组过敏反应和高血糖发生率显著低于L-Asp常规化疗组,其它不良反应发生率组间比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。PEG-Asp联合化疗组均完成预期PEG-Asp治疗剂量,L-Asp常规化疗组仅29例(72.5%)完成L-Asp治疗剂量。PEG-Asp联合化疗组平均住院日10.5 d,较L-Asp常规化疗组住院18.9 d显著缩短,治疗总费用相对较低。结论:基于培门冬酶的化疗治疗急性淋巴细胞白血病和恶性淋巴瘤的临床疗效比较好,安全性较高,过敏反应发生率低,使得治疗剂量完整完成,保证了临床疗效。住院时间显著缩短,治疗总费用相对较低,替代L-Asp具有较好的临床应用前景;优化联合化疗方案用于更多病例以及远期生存率尚需进一步深入研究。

儿童成熟B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤/急性淋巴细胞白血病43例临床及预后分析

目的:总结儿童成熟B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤/急性淋巴细胞白血病(B-NHL/B-ALL)的临床病理特点、治疗反应及转归,以期更好地规范治疗,进一步改善预后。方法:回顾性分析我院2005年6月至2013年12月规范化疗的43例B-NHL/B-ALL患儿临床表现和实验室检查特点,其中按中国小儿肿瘤协作组B-VLH-2010方案化疗26例,LMB-89方案化疗例17例,中位随访时间24月;采用Kaplan-Meier方法比较不同化疗方案B-NHL/BALL患儿预期2年总体生存率(OS)和无事件生存率(EFS),Logistic回归分析影响其预后的因素。结果:①本组患儿中位发病年龄为7.58岁(2.42-13.67岁),男女比例2.9:1,男女患儿发病年龄无统计学差异(P=0.837);②本组43例B-NHL/B-ALL患儿中Burkitt淋巴瘤34例(79.07%),弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤4例,ALL-L3型3例,其他成熟B细胞NHL 2例;③临床分期为:Ⅰ期4例(4/43,9.30%),Ⅱ期9例(9/43,20.93%),Ⅲ期23例(23/43,53.49%)和Ⅳ期(包括ALL-L3)7例(7/43,16.28%);④常见原发部位:腹腔(特别是回盲部)11例(11/43,25.58%),鼻咽部10例(10/43 23.26%),颌面部9例(9/43,20.93%),外周淋巴结8例(8/43,18.60%),其他5例如纵隔、骨髓等(5/43,11.63%);⑤本组患儿中位随访时间24月(0.7-105月),2年OS为79.8%±6.5%,EFS为71.0%±7.2%,其中B-VLH-2010方案组2年OS和EFS分别为79.1%±8.4%和74.1%±8.4%;LMB-89方案组2年OS和EFS分别为87.5%18.3%和66.7%1 12.4%,差异无统计学意义(P值分别为0.734和0.691);LDH>2N患儿和骨髓浸润B-NHL/B-ALL患儿的2年EFS明显低于其他各组病人(P<0.05);⑥43例患儿中,1例病情未缓解并进展至死亡,8例复发,中位复发时间为6个月(2-9月)死亡/复发/进展组患儿年龄略大于非复发组患儿,以男性患儿多见,常伴有全身症状,乳酸脱氢酶升高明显,骨髓浸润及CNS浸润更为常见,分期多为Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期。多因素Logistic回归分析发现,LDH>2N是B-NHL/B-ALL患儿死亡/复发/进展的危险因素(OR=31.129,P=0.02)。结论:短程、强化疗可提高B-NHL/B-ALL疗效,本组患儿2年OS为79.8%±6.5%,EFS为71.0%±7.2%,B-NHL-2010和LMB 89治疗方案疗效无明显统计学差异,晚期B-NHL及B-ALL患儿的疗效有待进一步提高。

大剂量阿糖胞苷治疗儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病和恶性淋巴瘤

17例儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病和Ⅳ期T细胞型恶性淋巴瘤，于诱导治疗获完全缓解（CR）后，给以大剂量阿糖胞甙（HDAra－C）为主的联合方案作早期强化治疗及中枢神经系统白血病（CNSL）预防，然后继续进行长期系统化疗。目前，其中15例（88．2％）继续CR，已有3例CCR＞3年。1例失访，仅1例因故未能行系统维持和定期强化治疗而复发。无1例并发CNSL。HDAra－C治疗后骨髓抑制严重，经采用综合防治措施后，感染率仅27．1％，无1例因化疗相关死亡。未见肝肾、神经系统及其它明显毒性反应。