The visual metaphors of cats for Germans,mice for Jews,pigs for Poles,dogs for Americans make the story compelling without any extraneous description.In this paper,I explore the animal images in Maus,the mice,the cats...The visual metaphors of cats for Germans,mice for Jews,pigs for Poles,dogs for Americans make the story compelling without any extraneous description.In this paper,I explore the animal images in Maus,the mice,the cats and the pigs.By stating the chosen of mice image,symbolic meaning of mice and the function of“masks”that mice put on to pretend to be others,we explore the universally acknowledged metaphor mice in Maus and interpret the miserable history of Nazi Holocaust.展开更多
Montane forest ecosystems support biodiversity and provide varied ecosystem services to adjacent and downstream human communities. However, human-induced disturbances are common in many of these ecosystems, threatenin...Montane forest ecosystems support biodiversity and provide varied ecosystem services to adjacent and downstream human communities. However, human-induced disturbances are common in many of these ecosystems, threatening their capacity to sustain their functions. This study assessed the status of woody vegetation and livestock use of a Kenyan montane forest 10 years after government-sanctioned cessation of human encroachment. The findings can inform suitable interventions that support recovery of abandoned forest settlements subjected to continuous anthropogenic disturbances. Selected woody vegetation attributes and livestock disturbance indicators were assessed across three human-driven disturbance regimes (light, moderate and heavy) using stratified-systematic sampling technique. Data on the extent of community dependence on forest grazing were collected from 381 randomly selected forest adjacent households using semi-structured questionnaires. Information on the palatability of plants to livestock was obtained from Focus Group Discussions. Vegetation data were analyzed using linear mixed models, while descriptive analysis was applied on household survey data. A total of 33 woody plant species belonging to 22 families were identified, out of which 55% were perceived to be unpalatable to livestock. Species richness, species diversity, stem density and basal areas declined significantly with increasing levels of disturbance. Specifically, these attributes were 59% - 98% lower in heavily disturbed sites than in moderately and lightly disturbed sites. A vast majority (88%) of the sampled households grazed their livestock in the forest throughout the year. Evidence from this study indicates that intense past and ongoing anthropogenic disturbances caused significant negative effects on the forest vegetation condition, and lowered its capacity to recover. Forest managers should prioritize minimizing recurrent anthropogenic disturbances as the forest recovers to ensure successful succession and sustainable provision of ecosystem services.展开更多
目的探讨替米沙坦对高血压合并糖尿病患者血清胱抑素C(CystatinC,CysC)、微量白蛋白尿(Microalbuminuria,MAU)的影响。方法将80例原发高血压合并糖尿病伴早期肾损害患者按就诊顺序随机分为替米沙坦组40例和硝苯地平控释片组40例,均服药1...目的探讨替米沙坦对高血压合并糖尿病患者血清胱抑素C(CystatinC,CysC)、微量白蛋白尿(Microalbuminuria,MAU)的影响。方法将80例原发高血压合并糖尿病伴早期肾损害患者按就诊顺序随机分为替米沙坦组40例和硝苯地平控释片组40例,均服药12周。观察两组用药前后血压、血肌酐、血钾、空腹血糖、血清胱抑素C(CysC)、尿白蛋白与肌酐比值(Urinary albumin to creatinine ratio,UACR)的变化。结果两组经12周治疗后血压均较治疗前明显降低(P<0.01),但两组治疗后血压比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组治疗前后血肌酐、空腹血糖比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组血清胱抑素C(CysC)、尿白蛋白与肌酐比值(UACR)均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),替米沙坦组优于硝苯地平控释片组(P<0.05)。结论替米沙坦可降低高血压合并糖尿病患者血清CysC及微量白蛋白尿水平,减轻肾脏损害,保护肾脏功能。展开更多
文摘The visual metaphors of cats for Germans,mice for Jews,pigs for Poles,dogs for Americans make the story compelling without any extraneous description.In this paper,I explore the animal images in Maus,the mice,the cats and the pigs.By stating the chosen of mice image,symbolic meaning of mice and the function of“masks”that mice put on to pretend to be others,we explore the universally acknowledged metaphor mice in Maus and interpret the miserable history of Nazi Holocaust.
文摘Montane forest ecosystems support biodiversity and provide varied ecosystem services to adjacent and downstream human communities. However, human-induced disturbances are common in many of these ecosystems, threatening their capacity to sustain their functions. This study assessed the status of woody vegetation and livestock use of a Kenyan montane forest 10 years after government-sanctioned cessation of human encroachment. The findings can inform suitable interventions that support recovery of abandoned forest settlements subjected to continuous anthropogenic disturbances. Selected woody vegetation attributes and livestock disturbance indicators were assessed across three human-driven disturbance regimes (light, moderate and heavy) using stratified-systematic sampling technique. Data on the extent of community dependence on forest grazing were collected from 381 randomly selected forest adjacent households using semi-structured questionnaires. Information on the palatability of plants to livestock was obtained from Focus Group Discussions. Vegetation data were analyzed using linear mixed models, while descriptive analysis was applied on household survey data. A total of 33 woody plant species belonging to 22 families were identified, out of which 55% were perceived to be unpalatable to livestock. Species richness, species diversity, stem density and basal areas declined significantly with increasing levels of disturbance. Specifically, these attributes were 59% - 98% lower in heavily disturbed sites than in moderately and lightly disturbed sites. A vast majority (88%) of the sampled households grazed their livestock in the forest throughout the year. Evidence from this study indicates that intense past and ongoing anthropogenic disturbances caused significant negative effects on the forest vegetation condition, and lowered its capacity to recover. Forest managers should prioritize minimizing recurrent anthropogenic disturbances as the forest recovers to ensure successful succession and sustainable provision of ecosystem services.
文摘目的探讨替米沙坦对高血压合并糖尿病患者血清胱抑素C(CystatinC,CysC)、微量白蛋白尿(Microalbuminuria,MAU)的影响。方法将80例原发高血压合并糖尿病伴早期肾损害患者按就诊顺序随机分为替米沙坦组40例和硝苯地平控释片组40例,均服药12周。观察两组用药前后血压、血肌酐、血钾、空腹血糖、血清胱抑素C(CysC)、尿白蛋白与肌酐比值(Urinary albumin to creatinine ratio,UACR)的变化。结果两组经12周治疗后血压均较治疗前明显降低(P<0.01),但两组治疗后血压比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组治疗前后血肌酐、空腹血糖比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组血清胱抑素C(CysC)、尿白蛋白与肌酐比值(UACR)均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),替米沙坦组优于硝苯地平控释片组(P<0.05)。结论替米沙坦可降低高血压合并糖尿病患者血清CysC及微量白蛋白尿水平,减轻肾脏损害,保护肾脏功能。
