Asymptotic Efficiency of the Maximum Likelihood Estimator for the Box-Cox Transformation Model with Heteroscedastic Disturbances

This paper considers the asymptotic efficiency of the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) for the Box-Cox transformation model with heteroscedastic disturbances. The MLE under the normality assumption (BC MLE) is a consistent and asymptotically efficient estimator if the “small ” condition is satisfied and the number of parameters is finite. However, the BC MLE cannot be asymptotically efficient and its rate of convergence is slower than ordinal order when the number of parameters goes to infinity. Anew consistent estimator of order is proposed. One important implication of this study is that estimation methods should be carefully chosen when the model contains many parameters in actual empirical studies.

Fast method for spreading sequence estimation of DSSS signal based on maximum likelihood function

To estimate the spreading sequence of the direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) signal, a fast algorithm based on maximum likelihood function is proposed, and the theoretical derivation of the algorithm is provided. By simplifying the objective function of maximum likelihood estimation, the algorithm can realize sequence synchronization and sequence estimation via adaptive iteration and sliding window. Since it avoids the correlation matrix computation, the algorithm significantly reduces the storage requirement and the computation complexity. Simulations show that it is a fast convergent algorithm, and can perform well in low signal to noise ratio (SNR).

Heuristic techniques for maximum likelihood localization of radioactive sources via a sensor network

Maximum likelihood estimation(MLE)is an effective method for localizing radioactive sources in a given area.However,it requires an exhaustive search for parameter estimation,which is time-consuming.In this study,heuristic techniques were employed to search for radiation source parameters that provide the maximum likelihood by using a network of sensors.Hence,the time consumption of MLE would be effectively reduced.First,the radiation source was detected using the k-sigma method.Subsequently,the MLE was applied for parameter estimation using the readings and positions of the detectors that have detected the radiation source.A comparative study was performed in which the estimation accuracy and time consump-tion of the MLE were evaluated for traditional methods and heuristic techniques.The traditional MLE was performed via a grid search method using fixed and multiple resolutions.Additionally,four commonly used heuristic algorithms were applied:the firefly algorithm(FFA),particle swarm optimization(PSO),ant colony optimization(ACO),and artificial bee colony(ABC).The experiment was conducted using real data collected by the Low Scatter Irradiator facility at the Savannah River National Laboratory as part of the Intelligent Radiation Sensing System program.The comparative study showed that the estimation time was 3.27 s using fixed resolution MLE and 0.59 s using multi-resolution MLE.The time consumption for the heuristic-based MLE was 0.75,0.03,0.02,and 0.059 s for FFA,PSO,ACO,and ABC,respectively.The location estimation error was approximately 0.4 m using either the grid search-based MLE or the heuristic-based MLE.Hence,heuristic-based MLE can provide comparable estimation accuracy through a less time-consuming process than traditional MLE.

Improving Accuracy of Estimating Two-Qubit States with Hedged Maximum Likelihood

As a widely used reconstruction algorithm in quantum state tomography, maximum likelihood estimation tends to assign a rank-deficient matrix, which decreases estimation accuracy for certain quantum states. Fortunately, hedged maximum likelihood estimation （HMLE） [Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 （2010）200504] was proposed to avoid this problem. Here we study more details about this proposal in the two-qubit case and further improve its performance. We ameliorate the HMLE method by updating the hedging function based on the purity of the estimated state. Both performances of HMLE and ameliorated HMLE are demonstrated by numerical simulation and experimental implementation on the Werner states of polarization-entangled photons.

MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATION FOR INSAR IMAGE CO-REGISTRATION

This paper presents a closed-form robust phase correlation based algorithm for performing image registration to subpixel accuracy.The subpixel translational shift information is directly obtained from the phase of the normalized cross power spectrum by using Maximum Likelihood Estimation(MLE).The proposed algorithm also has slighter time complexity.Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm yields superior registration precision on the Cramér-Rao Bound(CRB) in the presence of aliasing and noise.

Immune Clone Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Improved Non-homogeneous Poisson Process Model Parameters

Aiming at the solving problem of improved nonhomogeneous Poisson process( NHPP) model in engineering application,the immune clone maximum likelihood estimation( MLE)method for solving model parameters was proposed. The minimum negative log-likelihood function was used as the objective function to optimize instead of using iterative method to solve complex system of equations,and the problem of parameter estimation of improved NHPP model was solved by immune clone algorithm. And the interval estimation of reliability indices was given by using fisher information matrix method and delta method. An example of failure truncated data from multiple numerical control( NC) machine tools was taken to prove the method. and the results show that the algorithm has a higher convergence rate and computational accuracy, which demonstrates the feasibility of the method.

Novel Channel Estimation Method Based on Decision-Directed in OFDM

Based on the analysis of decision-directed （DD） channel estimation by using training symbols, a novel DD channel estimation method is proposed for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） system. The proposed algorithm takes the impact of decision error into account, and calculates the impact to next symbol duration channel state information. Analysis shows that the error propagation can be effectively restrained and the channel variation is tracked well. Simulation results demonstrate that both the signal error rate （SER） and the normalized mean square error （NMSE） performance of the proposed method are better than the traditional DD （DD＋ LS） and the maximum likelihood estimate （DD＋ MLE） method.

CHANNEL ESTIMATION OF MULTI-RATE DS-CDMA SIGNALS IN SLOW FADING MULTIPATH CHANNELS

In Direct-Sequence Code Division Multiple Access(DS-CDMA) mobile communi-cation systems, it is very important to obtain accurate estimation of the channel parameters,especially that of the propagation delay. But the near-far problem may make the estimationcomplicated and can degrade the estimation performance significantly. In this paper, an efficientMaximum Likelihood (ML) method is presented for channel parameter estimation of multi-rateDS-CDMA systems in slow fading multipath channels in a near-far scenario. The algorithmextended the ML approach to multi-rate DS-CDMA systems, and proposes decomposing a multi-dimensional optimization problem into a series of one-dimensional optimization and has improvedcomputational efficiency. Theoretical analysis and numerical examples show that the estimatorproposed is effective and near-far resistant.

BLIND CHANNEL ESTIMATION OF SPACE-TIME FREQUENCY-SHIFT KEYING

The decoupled coherent Maximum Likelihood (ML) detection algorithm presented in this letter can sharply reduce the complexity of the receiver as well as provide better error performance under the precondition that channel should be estimated first. Considering the bandwidth inefficiency of Frequency Shift Keying (FSK), the acquisition of channel state information through training sequences will further decrease the transmission efficiency. This letter presents a blind channel estimation algorithm based on noise subspace theory which can acquire channel information without any training symbols. The simulation shows that the algorithm brings about fewer channel estimation errors while the frequency efficiency can be increased.

星下点观测的星载卫星导航反射信号海面风矢量极大似然估计

该文针对星载全球导航卫星反射计(GNSS-R)镜面反射信号对海面风向不敏感导致海面风向反演难问题,分析非镜向海面散射信号特征,提出星下点非镜向观测模式,定义该模式下海面风矢量敏感特征观测量,在此基础上提出基于星载GNSS-R海面风矢量极大似然估计(MLE)反演算法直接利用两颗及以上导航卫星的星下点非镜向散射信号进行海面风矢量的反演,并提出风矢量搜索算法提高反演效率。通过搭建星载GNSS-R仿真平台验证算法的可行性和评估算法性能。结果表明:所提算法可直接利用非镜向独立观测模式下的多颗导航卫星散射信号反演得到海面风速和风向;多星观测可消除观测几何导致的模糊解从而将海风风向4个模糊解降至2个模糊解,但无法消除海浪谱的对称性导致的海面风向模糊解。在2~25 m/s的风速内,当信噪比(SNR)大于11 dB时,3星观测的风速均方根误差(RMSE)优于2 m/s,风向的均方根误差优于15°。

LDPC编码辅助的判决反馈信道估计与均衡方法

信道频率选择性衰落较强的环境下,传统正交频分复用非盲信道估计与均衡方法的系统误码性能较差,且需要在信号中增加导频符号的插入,降低系统吞吐量。针对上述问题,提出一种低密度奇偶校验(Low-Density Parity-Check,LDPC)编码辅助的判决反馈信道估计与均衡方法。将LDPC编码增益引入判决反馈回路中,以提升收敛性,在插入极少导频符号的条件下达到渐进非盲信道估计与均衡方法的性能。另外提出一种基于条件最大似然原则的信道估计改进算法,以恒虚警原则检测有效抽头信号以提高信道估计精度,并且能够与判决反馈信道估计与均衡方法相结合,进一步提升算法性能。仿真结果表明,在仿真所选用的信道环境下,LDPC编码辅助的判决反馈信道估计与均衡方法相比传统判决反馈方法具有11~13 dB的误码性能提升,具有优秀的系统误码性能和鲁棒性。

基于MLE阈值规则的小波特征提取技术在气阀故障诊断中的应用

气阀故障是往复压缩机最常见的故障类型之一,占故障总数的60%以上,如果不及时发现并解决,往复压缩机的压缩效率将大大降低。针对目前往复压缩机气阀故障诊断中存在的问题,结合小波降噪技术,提出了采用基于最大似然估计(MLE:Maximum Likelihood Estimation)阈值规则对气阀早期故障弱冲击变化信号进行特征提取的方法,实现了气阀故障的早期预警。

基于威布尔分布的风功率密度计算方法比较

[目的]风功率密度是风资源评估重要参数之一,准确地计算风功率密度有赖于风频威布尔分布拟合的准确性,对它进行正确地分析和评估有助于降低投资风险和提高投资决策的可靠性。针对目前风资源评估缺少威布尔分布拟合准确性方面的研究,文章旨通过研究比较那种威布尔分布拟合具有较高的精度,从而提高风资源评估的准确性。[方法]对目前国内外采用的5种威布尔模拟风频分布的方法进行研究,引入决定系数来确定威布尔模拟的准确度,比较威布尔函数计算风功率密度与实测数据计算风功率密度绝对误差和相对误差大小。[结果]结果表明:能量因子法EPF和最大似然法MLE模拟出来的威布尔拟合决定系数高于其他方法,包括经验法(EPJ和EPL)和最小二乘法(LLSA)。用这两种方法所得的参数计算风功率密度,与实测数据计算所得的风功率密度相比较,其绝对误差和相对误差也小于其他3种方法。[结论]研究结果可为风资源评估时选择何种威布尔方法计算风功率密度提供参考依据,客观地反应风电场风资源情况,提高风资源评估的准确性。

基于信道短化和圆球译码的水声通信迭代序列检测

The demand for high-data-rate underwater acoustic communications(UACs)in marine development is increasing;however,severe multipaths make demodulation a challenge.The decision feedback equalizer(DFE)is one of the most popular equalizers in UAC;however,it is not the optimal algorithm.Although maximum likelihood sequence estimation(MLSE)is the optimal algorithm,its complexity increases exponentially with the number of channel taps,making it challenging to apply to UAC.Therefore,this paper proposes a complexity-reduced MLSE to improve the bit error rate(BER)performance in multipath channels.In the proposed algorithm,the original channel is first shortened using a channel-shortening method,and several dominant channel taps are selected for MLSE.Subsequently,sphere decoding(SD)is performed in the following MLSE.Iterations are applied to eliminate inter-symbol interference caused by weak channel taps.The simulation and sea experiment demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm.The simulation results show that channel shortening combined with SD can drastically reduce computational complexity,and iterative SD performs better than DFE based on recursive least squares(RLS-DFE),DFE based on improved proportionate normalized least mean squares(IPNLMS-DFE),and channel estimation-based DFE(CE-DFE).Moreover,the sea experimental results at Zhairuoshan Island in Zhoushan show that the proposed receiver scheme has improved BER performance over RLSDFE,IPNLMS-DFE,and CE-DFE.Compared with the RLS-DFE,the BER,after five iterations,is reduced from 0.0076 to 0.0037 in the 8–12 k Hz band and from 0.1516 to 0.1145 in the 13–17 k Hz band at a distance of 2000 m.Thus,the proposed algorithm makes it possible to apply MLSE in UAC in practical scenarios.

基于树小波压缩与最大似然的超宽带信道融合估计方法

为实现无人集群智能化巡检,针对脉冲超宽带技术在山区、森林等复杂地区的应用劣势,提出应对复杂环境下多径效应影响的信道估计方法。通过理论分析与实验研究,提出一种基于树小波压缩与最大似然法融合的信道估计方法(TS-SC)。该方法在贝叶斯压缩感知(CS)模型基础上,通过小波基的稀疏矩阵与马尔可夫链蒙特卡洛抽样,建立层次贝叶斯模型,以实现低速采样下原始信号的恢复。采用最大似然估计方法(SC)对多径数量和增益进行准确估计。实验结果表明:噪声SNR为10dB时,借助低频采样数据,检测精度能达到0.5592,满足复杂环境中信道估计的需求。研究成果突破了传统信道估计方法的局限,为复杂环境下的无人机集群通信提供了有效解决方案。

基于AMLE的高光谱本征维数估计方法研究

最大似然估计法(MLE)能快速计算高光谱影像数据的本征维数,原理简单,但它不是一种很好的本征维数估计法。因为它存在忽略单个数据点贡献的缺点,导致冗余信息放大、重要信息被湮没,不利于特征提取和分类。对此,本文引入自适应性最大似然估计法(AMLE)。该方法通过引入权函数,突出每个数据点的贡献,能提取出被最大似然估计法湮没的重要特征。在对高光谱影像进行特征提取及分类的试验中验证了该方法的有效性。

海南岛CORS站坐标时间序列特征分析

通过GAMIT/GLOBK解算出海南岛CORS站坐标时间序列,分析海南岛CORS站坐标时间序列的噪声特性。根据最优噪声模型,N分量的最优噪声模型呈现多样性特征,E、U分量表现出一致性。分析有色噪声对于噪声量级的影响,仅考虑白噪声会高估其估值精度,须同时考虑白噪声与有色噪声。海南岛CORS站在水平方向都有向SEE向运动的趋势,与华南板块的运动方向一致。沿海测站的坐标时间序列所含的白噪声与闪烁噪声量级比岛内测站大,我国上空电离层的变化对闪烁噪声的影响较大,闪烁噪声量级明显大于白噪声,海南岛CORS站的闪烁噪声量级大于大陆沿海测站。

MLE辅助PLL的高动态GPS载波跟踪

针对传统锁频环(FLL)鉴别器存在一步延迟效应和近似误差的问题,提出一种基于极大似然估计器(MLE)辅助锁相环(PLL)的高动态载波跟踪环路。该方法从极大似然估计理论入手,构造多普勒频移的非相干极大似然代价函数,采用非迭代估计方法求取各通道多普勒频移偏差的极大似然估计,与PLL进行融合滤波并计算频率修正量,进而控制本地数控振荡器(NCO)完成载波跟踪。仿真结果表明:在同等环路阶数和滤波器带宽条件下,新方法的响应速度、动态忍受力优于基于FLL辅助PLL的方法,可以跟踪加加速度达到100g/s的超高动态信号。

基于MLE的偏振光传感器角度解算模型

针对偏振光传感器精度易受环境随机噪声影响的缺点,引入高斯分布理论,建立了具有物理性质的随机特性解算模型,并基于极大似然估计法(MLE),解算出偏振光导航传感器偏振角。分析了传统解算模型与该解算模型的差异。对比该解算模型与传统解算模型的精度差,结果表明:新解算模型具有较高的精度和稳定性,能够较好地提升偏振光导航传感器的制导精度。

基于MLE-SA的威布尔分布的参数估计

针对三参数威布尔分布模型复杂,采用精确解法直接进行参数估计求解的不足,提出基于极大似然估计(MLE)和模拟退火算法(SA)进行参数估计。该方法首先利用二分法等将似然函数的超越方程组转化为一元函数,并采用引入历史最优值的SA算法进行函数最大值的求解,避免了位置参数陷入局部最优解。以仿真和实际例证为基础,详细说明了该方法的优点和缺陷。结果表明:基于MLE-SA算法的联合估计在一定程度上能够对三参数威布尔分布的参数进行精确搜索,具有实际工程应用价值。