For the stress-constrained topology optimization of a turbine disk under centrifugal loads,the jagged boundaries of the mesh and the gray densities on the solid/void interfaces could make the calculated stress field i...For the stress-constrained topology optimization of a turbine disk under centrifugal loads,the jagged boundaries of the mesh and the gray densities on the solid/void interfaces could make the calculated stress field inconsistent with the actual value.It may result in overestimating the maximum stress and thus affect the effectiveness of stress constraints.This paper proposes a new method for predicting the maximum stress to overcome the difficulty.In the process,a predicted density is newly defined to obtain stable boundaries with thin layers of gray elements,a transition factor is innovatively proposed to evaluate the effects of intermediate-density elements,two different stiffness penalty schemes are flexibly used to calculate the elastic modulus of elements,and a linear stress penalty is further adopted to relax the stress field of the structure.The proposed approach for predicting the maximum stress value is verified by the analysis of a structure with smooth boundaries and the topology optimization of a turbine disk.An updating scheme of the stress constraint in the topology optimization is also developed using the predicted maximum stress.Some key ingredients affecting the optimization results are discussed in detail.The results prove the effectiveness and efficacy of the proposed maximum stress prediction and developed stress constraint methods.展开更多
The situation of an off-center casing under non-uniform ground stress can occur in the process of drilling a salt-gypsum formation,and the related casing stress calculation has not yet been solved analytically. In add...The situation of an off-center casing under non-uniform ground stress can occur in the process of drilling a salt-gypsum formation,and the related casing stress calculation has not yet been solved analytically. In addition,the experimental equipment in many cases cannot meet the actual conditions and the experimental cost is very high. These comprehensive factors cause the existing casing design to not meet the actual conditions and cause casing deformation,affecting the drilling operation in Tarim oil field. The finite element method is the only effective method to solve this problem at present,but the re-modelling process is time-consuming because of the changes in the parameters,such as the cement properties,casing centrality,and the casing size. In this article,an artificial intelligence method based on support vector machine(SVM) to predict the maximum stress of an offcenter casing under non-uniform ground stress has been proposed. After a program based on a radial basis function(RBF)-support vector regression(SVR)(ε-SVR) model was established and validated,we constructed a data sample with a capacity of 120 by using the finite element method,which could meet the demand of the nine-factor ε-SVR model to predict the maximum stress of the casing. The results showed that the artificial intelligence prediction method proposed in this manuscript had satisfactory prediction accuracy and could be effectively used to predict the maximum stress of an off-center casing under complex downhole conditions.展开更多
There are several design equations available for calculating the torsional compliance and the maximum torsion stress of a rectangular cross-section beam, but most depend on the relative magnitude of the two dimensions...There are several design equations available for calculating the torsional compliance and the maximum torsion stress of a rectangular cross-section beam, but most depend on the relative magnitude of the two dimensions of the crosssection(i.e., the thickness and the width). After reviewing the available equations, two thickness-to-width ratio Independent equations that are symmetric with respect to the two dimensions are obtained for evaluating the maximum torsion stress of rectangular cross-section beams. Based on the resulting equations, outside lamina emergent torsional joints are analyzed and some useful design Insights are obtained. These equations, together with the previous work on symmetric equations for calculating torsional compliance, provide a convenient and effective way for designing and optimizing torsional beams in compliant mechanisms.展开更多
To investigate the failure process and characteristics of D-shaped tunnels under different maximum principal stress directions θ, true-triaxial tests were conducted on cubic sandstone samples with a through D-shaped ...To investigate the failure process and characteristics of D-shaped tunnels under different maximum principal stress directions θ, true-triaxial tests were conducted on cubic sandstone samples with a through D-shaped hole. The test results show that the failure process can be divided into 4 periods:calm, buckling deformation, gradual buckling and exfoliation of rock fragment, and formation of a Vshaped notch. With an increase in θ from 0° to 90°, the size of the rock fragments first decreases and then increases, whereas the fractal dimension of the rock fragments first increases and then decreases. Meanwhile, the failure position at the left side shifts from the sidewall to the corner and finally to the floor, whereas the failure position at the right side moves from the sidewall to the spandrel and finally to the roof, which is consistent with the failure position in underground engineering. In addition, the initial vertical failure stress first decreases and then increases. By comparing the results,the failure severities at different maximum principal stress directions can be ranked from high to low in the following order: 90°>60°>30°>45°>0°.展开更多
The distribution and magnitude of surface substrates were investigated by finite element method and subsurface stresses of the (FEM). The models of coating single-layer sprayed-coatings on monolithic configurations ...The distribution and magnitude of surface substrates were investigated by finite element method and subsurface stresses of the (FEM). The models of coating single-layer sprayed-coatings on monolithic configurations with different thicknesses and elastic modulus ratios of coating to substrate were introduced, and the effects of thickness and elastic modulus ratio on the stresses were addressed. The calculation results show that the coating/substrate interface shear stress obviously decreases with increasing coating thickness, due to the location of the maximum shear stress moving away from the coating/substrate interface. At the same time, the magnitude of von Mises stress also declines in the case of thicker coatings. However, the high elastic modulus ratio results in extremely high maximum shear stress and the severe discontinuity of the von Mises stress curves, which leads to the intensive stress concentration on the coating/substrate interface. So the coating configurations with the larger coating thickness and lower difference of elastic modulus between coating and substrate exhibit excellent resistant performance of rolling contact fatigue (RCF).展开更多
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52005421 and 12102375)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(No.2020J05020)+2 种基金the National Science and Technology Major Project,China(No.J2019-I-0013-0013)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.20720210090)the project funded by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2020M682584 and 2021T140634).
文摘For the stress-constrained topology optimization of a turbine disk under centrifugal loads,the jagged boundaries of the mesh and the gray densities on the solid/void interfaces could make the calculated stress field inconsistent with the actual value.It may result in overestimating the maximum stress and thus affect the effectiveness of stress constraints.This paper proposes a new method for predicting the maximum stress to overcome the difficulty.In the process,a predicted density is newly defined to obtain stable boundaries with thin layers of gray elements,a transition factor is innovatively proposed to evaluate the effects of intermediate-density elements,two different stiffness penalty schemes are flexibly used to calculate the elastic modulus of elements,and a linear stress penalty is further adopted to relax the stress field of the structure.The proposed approach for predicting the maximum stress value is verified by the analysis of a structure with smooth boundaries and the topology optimization of a turbine disk.An updating scheme of the stress constraint in the topology optimization is also developed using the predicted maximum stress.Some key ingredients affecting the optimization results are discussed in detail.The results prove the effectiveness and efficacy of the proposed maximum stress prediction and developed stress constraint methods.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U1663205,51704191 and 51804194)the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(Grant No.S30106)+1 种基金the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(Peak Discipline Construction Program)the Shanghai Sailing Program(Grant No.17YF1428000)。
文摘The situation of an off-center casing under non-uniform ground stress can occur in the process of drilling a salt-gypsum formation,and the related casing stress calculation has not yet been solved analytically. In addition,the experimental equipment in many cases cannot meet the actual conditions and the experimental cost is very high. These comprehensive factors cause the existing casing design to not meet the actual conditions and cause casing deformation,affecting the drilling operation in Tarim oil field. The finite element method is the only effective method to solve this problem at present,but the re-modelling process is time-consuming because of the changes in the parameters,such as the cement properties,casing centrality,and the casing size. In this article,an artificial intelligence method based on support vector machine(SVM) to predict the maximum stress of an offcenter casing under non-uniform ground stress has been proposed. After a program based on a radial basis function(RBF)-support vector regression(SVR)(ε-SVR) model was established and validated,we constructed a data sample with a capacity of 120 by using the finite element method,which could meet the demand of the nine-factor ε-SVR model to predict the maximum stress of the casing. The results showed that the artificial intelligence prediction method proposed in this manuscript had satisfactory prediction accuracy and could be effectively used to predict the maximum stress of an off-center casing under complex downhole conditions.
基金Supported by National Science Foundation Research of the United States (Grant No.1663345)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51675396)Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities(Grant No.12K5051204021)
文摘There are several design equations available for calculating the torsional compliance and the maximum torsion stress of a rectangular cross-section beam, but most depend on the relative magnitude of the two dimensions of the crosssection(i.e., the thickness and the width). After reviewing the available equations, two thickness-to-width ratio Independent equations that are symmetric with respect to the two dimensions are obtained for evaluating the maximum torsion stress of rectangular cross-section beams. Based on the resulting equations, outside lamina emergent torsional joints are analyzed and some useful design Insights are obtained. These equations, together with the previous work on symmetric equations for calculating torsional compliance, provide a convenient and effective way for designing and optimizing torsional beams in compliant mechanisms.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Nos.52174098,41630642,and 51904335).
文摘To investigate the failure process and characteristics of D-shaped tunnels under different maximum principal stress directions θ, true-triaxial tests were conducted on cubic sandstone samples with a through D-shaped hole. The test results show that the failure process can be divided into 4 periods:calm, buckling deformation, gradual buckling and exfoliation of rock fragment, and formation of a Vshaped notch. With an increase in θ from 0° to 90°, the size of the rock fragments first decreases and then increases, whereas the fractal dimension of the rock fragments first increases and then decreases. Meanwhile, the failure position at the left side shifts from the sidewall to the corner and finally to the floor, whereas the failure position at the right side moves from the sidewall to the spandrel and finally to the roof, which is consistent with the failure position in underground engineering. In addition, the initial vertical failure stress first decreases and then increases. By comparing the results,the failure severities at different maximum principal stress directions can be ranked from high to low in the following order: 90°>60°>30°>45°>0°.
基金Project(2007AA04Z408) supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(50735006) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The distribution and magnitude of surface substrates were investigated by finite element method and subsurface stresses of the (FEM). The models of coating single-layer sprayed-coatings on monolithic configurations with different thicknesses and elastic modulus ratios of coating to substrate were introduced, and the effects of thickness and elastic modulus ratio on the stresses were addressed. The calculation results show that the coating/substrate interface shear stress obviously decreases with increasing coating thickness, due to the location of the maximum shear stress moving away from the coating/substrate interface. At the same time, the magnitude of von Mises stress also declines in the case of thicker coatings. However, the high elastic modulus ratio results in extremely high maximum shear stress and the severe discontinuity of the von Mises stress curves, which leads to the intensive stress concentration on the coating/substrate interface. So the coating configurations with the larger coating thickness and lower difference of elastic modulus between coating and substrate exhibit excellent resistant performance of rolling contact fatigue (RCF).