Salivary proteins are the initial contact between sedentary insect pests and their host plants. It is expected that one or more salivary proteins mediate the interaction between Hessian fly and wheat, in which a feedi...Salivary proteins are the initial contact between sedentary insect pests and their host plants. It is expected that one or more salivary proteins mediate the interaction between Hessian fly and wheat, in which a feeding site is established to the benefit of the fly. A survey of 52 loci annotated as insect secreted salivary proteins was conducted in 384 individuals evenly distributed among eight biotypes of Hessian fly (B, C, D, E, GP, L, O, and vH9). Amplicons were sequenced with Illumina, and sequence reads were aligned to the reference sequences from which primers had been designed. Positions of consistent base variation (998 in all) were identified and tabulated by biotype. No varying position was associated with biotype-wide virulence to any one of wheat resistance genes H3, H5, H6, H7/H8, H9, H11, H13, and H26. The multiplate pooling strategy utilized in this study is an effective, affordable way to reveal the genotype of hundreds of individuals at tens of genetic loci.展开更多
The Hessian fly, <em>Mayetiola destructor</em>, is a harmful pest of wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em>). Pioneer variety 25R78 is putatively tolerant, meaning that the plant can survive success...The Hessian fly, <em>Mayetiola destructor</em>, is a harmful pest of wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em>). Pioneer variety 25R78 is putatively tolerant, meaning that the plant can survive successful Hessian fly infestation with reduced growth effects. To understand if Hessian fly-tolerance in wheat results in reduced yield effects and to analyze the economic feasibility of tolerant wheat as a Hessian fly control method, this study focused on analyzing the effect of infestation on tolerant wheat yield. This study analyzed tolerant Pioneer variety 25R78, resistant Pioneer brand variety 25R32, and susceptible Pioneer brand variety 25R47 through harvest. Treated plants were infested using a plastic cover and allowing 1 - 2 female flies to lay eggs for two hours. We measured head, fertile head number and tiller number. Seeds were analyzed by measuring total seed number and weight, as well as average seed number and weight. Tolerant and resistant plants showed no significant effects on yield in comparison to susceptible wheat. The infested tolerant plants were comparable in yield to infested resistant plants. Therefore, we propose that tolerance incorporated into wheat varieties will lower selection pressure on Hessian fly populations and increase the durability of these wheat lines.展开更多
A group of related genes has been isolated and characterized from the gut of Hessian fly larvae [Mayetiola destructor （Say）]. Members in this group appear to encode proteins with secretary signal peptides at the N-t...A group of related genes has been isolated and characterized from the gut of Hessian fly larvae [Mayetiola destructor （Say）]. Members in this group appear to encode proteins with secretary signal peptides at the N-terminals. The mature putative proteins are small, acidic proteins with calculated molecular masses of 14.5 to 15.3 kDa, and isoelectric points from 4.56 to 4.88. Northern blot analysis revealed that these genes are expressed predominantly in the gut of Hessian fly larvae and pupae. Two related genes, GIOK1 and GIOK2, were isolated as tandem repeats. Both genes contain three exons and two introns. The intron/exon boundaries were conserved in terms of amino acid encoding, suggesting that they arose by gene duplication. The fact that the frequency of this group of clones in a gut cDNA library higher than that of total cDNA clones encoding digestive enzymes suggested that this group of proteins may perform an important function in the gut physiology of this insect. However, the exact functions of these proteins are as yet known since no sequence similarity could be identified between these proteins and any known sequences in public databases using standard methods.展开更多
The Hessian fly(HF,Mayetiola destructor)is one of the destructive pests of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)worldwide.Resistant cultivars can effectively minimize wheat damage due to this insect pest.To identify new quantit...The Hessian fly(HF,Mayetiola destructor)is one of the destructive pests of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)worldwide.Resistant cultivars can effectively minimize wheat damage due to this insect pest.To identify new quantitative trait loci(QTL)for HF resistance,a population of recombinant inbred lines(RILs)was developed from a cross between the HF-resistant wheat cultivar‘Chokwang’and susceptible wheat‘Ning 7840’,and phenotyped for responses to HF attack.A linkage map was constructed using 1147 single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers generated from genotyping-by-sequencing(GBS).One major QTL,QHf.hwwg-6 BS,for HF-resistance was identified on chromosome arm 6 BS,which explained up to84.0%of the phenotypic variation and was contributed by Chokwang.Two RILs showed recombination in the candidate interval of QHf.hwwg-6 BS,which delimited QHf.hwwg-6 BS to a 4.75 Mb physical interval between 6,028,601 bp and 10,779,424 bp on chromosome arm 6 BS of IWGSC Chinese Spring reference genome Ref Seq v2.0.Seven GBS-SNPs in the candidate interval were converted into Kompetitive allele specific polymerase chain reaction(KASP)markers.Two of them,KASP-6 B112698 and KASP-6 B7901215,were validated in a U.S.winter wheat panel.KASP-6 B112698 was nearly diagnostic,thus can be used to screen QHf.hwwg-6 BS and pyramid it with other resistance genes in breeding programs.展开更多
In Tunisia, the Hessian fly Mayetiola destructor Say is a major pest of durum wheat （Triticum durum Desf.） and bread wheat （T. aestivum L.）. Genetic resistance is the most efficient and economical method of contro...In Tunisia, the Hessian fly Mayetiola destructor Say is a major pest of durum wheat （Triticum durum Desf.） and bread wheat （T. aestivum L.）. Genetic resistance is the most efficient and economical method of control of this pest. To date, 31 resistance genes, designated H1-H31, have been identified in wheat. These genes condition resistance to the insect genes responsible for virulence. Using wheat cultivars differing for the presence of an individual Hessian fly resistance gene and random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） analysis, we have identified a polymorphic 386-bp DNA marker （Xgmib1-1A.1） associated with the H11 Hessian fly resistance gene. Blast analysis showed a high identity with a short region in the wild wheat （T. monococcum） genome, adjacent to the leaf rust resistance Lr10 gene. A genetic linkage was reported between this gene （Lr10） and Hessian fly response in wheat. These data were used for screening Hessian fly resistance in Tunisian wheat germplasm. Xgmib1-1A.1-like fragments were detected in four Tunisian durum and bread wheat varieties. Using these varieties in Hessian fly breeding programs in Tunisia would be of benefit in reducing the damage caused by this fly.展开更多
文摘Salivary proteins are the initial contact between sedentary insect pests and their host plants. It is expected that one or more salivary proteins mediate the interaction between Hessian fly and wheat, in which a feeding site is established to the benefit of the fly. A survey of 52 loci annotated as insect secreted salivary proteins was conducted in 384 individuals evenly distributed among eight biotypes of Hessian fly (B, C, D, E, GP, L, O, and vH9). Amplicons were sequenced with Illumina, and sequence reads were aligned to the reference sequences from which primers had been designed. Positions of consistent base variation (998 in all) were identified and tabulated by biotype. No varying position was associated with biotype-wide virulence to any one of wheat resistance genes H3, H5, H6, H7/H8, H9, H11, H13, and H26. The multiplate pooling strategy utilized in this study is an effective, affordable way to reveal the genotype of hundreds of individuals at tens of genetic loci.
文摘The Hessian fly, <em>Mayetiola destructor</em>, is a harmful pest of wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em>). Pioneer variety 25R78 is putatively tolerant, meaning that the plant can survive successful Hessian fly infestation with reduced growth effects. To understand if Hessian fly-tolerance in wheat results in reduced yield effects and to analyze the economic feasibility of tolerant wheat as a Hessian fly control method, this study focused on analyzing the effect of infestation on tolerant wheat yield. This study analyzed tolerant Pioneer variety 25R78, resistant Pioneer brand variety 25R32, and susceptible Pioneer brand variety 25R47 through harvest. Treated plants were infested using a plastic cover and allowing 1 - 2 female flies to lay eggs for two hours. We measured head, fertile head number and tiller number. Seeds were analyzed by measuring total seed number and weight, as well as average seed number and weight. Tolerant and resistant plants showed no significant effects on yield in comparison to susceptible wheat. The infested tolerant plants were comparable in yield to infested resistant plants. Therefore, we propose that tolerance incorporated into wheat varieties will lower selection pressure on Hessian fly populations and increase the durability of these wheat lines.
文摘A group of related genes has been isolated and characterized from the gut of Hessian fly larvae [Mayetiola destructor （Say）]. Members in this group appear to encode proteins with secretary signal peptides at the N-terminals. The mature putative proteins are small, acidic proteins with calculated molecular masses of 14.5 to 15.3 kDa, and isoelectric points from 4.56 to 4.88. Northern blot analysis revealed that these genes are expressed predominantly in the gut of Hessian fly larvae and pupae. Two related genes, GIOK1 and GIOK2, were isolated as tandem repeats. Both genes contain three exons and two introns. The intron/exon boundaries were conserved in terms of amino acid encoding, suggesting that they arose by gene duplication. The fact that the frequency of this group of clones in a gut cDNA library higher than that of total cDNA clones encoding digestive enzymes suggested that this group of proteins may perform an important function in the gut physiology of this insect. However, the exact functions of these proteins are as yet known since no sequence similarity could be identified between these proteins and any known sequences in public databases using standard methods.
基金the National Research Initiative Competitive Grant(2017-67007-25939)from the U.S.Department of Agriculture,National Institute of Food and Agriculture。
文摘The Hessian fly(HF,Mayetiola destructor)is one of the destructive pests of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)worldwide.Resistant cultivars can effectively minimize wheat damage due to this insect pest.To identify new quantitative trait loci(QTL)for HF resistance,a population of recombinant inbred lines(RILs)was developed from a cross between the HF-resistant wheat cultivar‘Chokwang’and susceptible wheat‘Ning 7840’,and phenotyped for responses to HF attack.A linkage map was constructed using 1147 single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers generated from genotyping-by-sequencing(GBS).One major QTL,QHf.hwwg-6 BS,for HF-resistance was identified on chromosome arm 6 BS,which explained up to84.0%of the phenotypic variation and was contributed by Chokwang.Two RILs showed recombination in the candidate interval of QHf.hwwg-6 BS,which delimited QHf.hwwg-6 BS to a 4.75 Mb physical interval between 6,028,601 bp and 10,779,424 bp on chromosome arm 6 BS of IWGSC Chinese Spring reference genome Ref Seq v2.0.Seven GBS-SNPs in the candidate interval were converted into Kompetitive allele specific polymerase chain reaction(KASP)markers.Two of them,KASP-6 B112698 and KASP-6 B7901215,were validated in a U.S.winter wheat panel.KASP-6 B112698 was nearly diagnostic,thus can be used to screen QHf.hwwg-6 BS and pyramid it with other resistance genes in breeding programs.
基金We are indebted to Prof. A. Daaloul, Secretary of State to the Minister of Agriculture and Water Resources, in charge of Hydraulic Resources and Fishing （Tunisia）, for helping us to achieve this work. We thank Prof. J. Hatchett from the Kansas State University （ Manhattan, USA） for providing plant material. This study was morally and financially supported by the ＂Minlstére de la Recherche Scientifique, de la Technologie et du Développement des Compétences＂ （Tunisia） and the ＂ Direction Générale de la Recherche Scientifique et de la Rénovation Technologique au Ministére de l＇Enseignement Sup6rieur＂ （Tunisia）.
基金Supported by the Ministery of Scientific Research,Technology and Competences' Development(Tunisia)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30424813)Science Publication Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘In Tunisia, the Hessian fly Mayetiola destructor Say is a major pest of durum wheat （Triticum durum Desf.） and bread wheat （T. aestivum L.）. Genetic resistance is the most efficient and economical method of control of this pest. To date, 31 resistance genes, designated H1-H31, have been identified in wheat. These genes condition resistance to the insect genes responsible for virulence. Using wheat cultivars differing for the presence of an individual Hessian fly resistance gene and random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） analysis, we have identified a polymorphic 386-bp DNA marker （Xgmib1-1A.1） associated with the H11 Hessian fly resistance gene. Blast analysis showed a high identity with a short region in the wild wheat （T. monococcum） genome, adjacent to the leaf rust resistance Lr10 gene. A genetic linkage was reported between this gene （Lr10） and Hessian fly response in wheat. These data were used for screening Hessian fly resistance in Tunisian wheat germplasm. Xgmib1-1A.1-like fragments were detected in four Tunisian durum and bread wheat varieties. Using these varieties in Hessian fly breeding programs in Tunisia would be of benefit in reducing the damage caused by this fly.
