There remains much ambiguity on what non-operative management(NOM)of rectal cancer truly entails in terms of the methods to be adopted and the best algorithm to follow.This is clearly shown by the discordance between ...There remains much ambiguity on what non-operative management(NOM)of rectal cancer truly entails in terms of the methods to be adopted and the best algorithm to follow.This is clearly shown by the discordance between various national and international guidelines on NOM of rectal cancer.The main aim of the NOM strategy is organ preservation and avoiding unnecessary surgical in-tervention,which carries its own risk of morbidity.A highly specific and sensitive surveillance program must be devised to avoid patients undergoing unnecessary surgical interventions.In many studies,NOM,often interchangeably called the Watch and Wait strategy,has been shown as a promising treatment option when undertaken in the appropriate patient population,where a clinical complete res-ponse is achieved.However,there are no clear guidelines on patient selection for NOM along with the optimal method of surveillance.展开更多
Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have tantalized regenerative medicine with their therapeutic potential,yet a cloud of controversies looms over their clinical tran-splantation.This comprehensive review navigates the intric...Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have tantalized regenerative medicine with their therapeutic potential,yet a cloud of controversies looms over their clinical tran-splantation.This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of MSC controversies,drawing upon 15 years of clinical experience and research.We delve into the fundamental properties of MSCs,exploring their unique immuno-modulatory capabilities and surface markers.The heart of our inquiry lies in the controversial applications of MSC transplantation,including the perennial debate between autologous and allogeneic sources,concerns about efficacy,and lingering safety apprehensions.Moreover,we unravel the enigmatic mechanisms surro-unding MSC transplantation,such as homing,integration,and the delicate balance between differentiation and paracrine effects.We also assess the current status of clinical trials and the ever-evolving regulatory landscape.As we peer into the future,we examine emerging trends,envisioning personalized medicine and innovative delivery methods.Our review provides a balanced and informed perspective on the controversies,offering readers a clear understanding of the complexities,challenges,and potential solutions in MSC transplantation.展开更多
With the development of social media and the prevalence of mobile devices,an increasing number of people tend to use social media platforms to express their opinions and attitudes,leading to many online controversies....With the development of social media and the prevalence of mobile devices,an increasing number of people tend to use social media platforms to express their opinions and attitudes,leading to many online controversies.These online controversies can severely threaten social stability,making automatic detection of controversies particularly necessary.Most controversy detection methods currently focus on mining features from text semantics and propagation structures.However,these methods have two drawbacks:1)limited ability to capture structural features and failure to learn deeper structural features,and 2)neglecting the influence of topic information and ineffective utilization of topic features.In light of these phenomena,this paper proposes a social media controversy detection method called Dual Feature Enhanced Graph Convolutional Network(DFE-GCN).This method explores structural information at different scales from global and local perspectives to capture deeper structural features,enhancing the expressive power of structural features.Furthermore,to strengthen the influence of topic information,this paper utilizes attention mechanisms to enhance topic features after each graph convolutional layer,effectively using topic information.We validated our method on two different public datasets,and the experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance compared to baseline methods.On the Weibo and Reddit datasets,the accuracy is improved by 5.92%and 3.32%,respectively,and the F1 score is improved by 1.99%and 2.17%,demonstrating the positive impact of enhanced structural features and topic features on controversy detection.展开更多
Gallbladder cancer(GBC)is a rare malignancy worldwide,with 140,000 new patients each year and more than 100,000 deaths annually.The review aims to address the controversial aspects of managing GBC.Regional differences...Gallbladder cancer(GBC)is a rare malignancy worldwide,with 140,000 new patients each year and more than 100,000 deaths annually.The review aims to address the controversial aspects of managing GBC.Regional differences of the study worldwide remain pending,and comparative mutational profiles will provide more information on the pathogenesis of GBC.However,certain pathologic aspects are discussed,such as the staging of early GBC,outcome differences between T2 pathologically staged patients,and the necessity of a uni-form pathologic report.The surgical management of GBC is still under debate.The extent of liver resection,type of lymphadenectomy,and selection of patients for extended resection are aspects of the disease that require revision.Laparoscopic and robotic approaches were initially slow to develop.However,with time,they have demonstrated their value in the surgical management of GBC.The OMEGA survey,performed to analyze the management practice of surgical treatment of GBC worldwide,demonstrated differences from the recom-mended guidelines.The OMEGA study,the largest cohort study,examined the outcomes of surgical intervention in 3676 patients from 133 centers.Regarding future directions,the value of collaborative efforts between centers and regions must be emphasized to better un-derstand the different aspects of the disease and globally improve therapeutic strategies for GBC.展开更多
The philosophical debate between“radicalism”and“conservatism”in emerging human enhancement technologies(HET)has never ceased.Although their theoreti-cal claims seem to be distinct from each other,they actually sha...The philosophical debate between“radicalism”and“conservatism”in emerging human enhancement technologies(HET)has never ceased.Although their theoreti-cal claims seem to be distinct from each other,they actually share certain common-alities,which are mainly manifested in three aspects:first,they both hold certain illusions about emerging HET;second,they both reflect the loss of human subjec-tivity in the debate;and third,they both leave the premise of their propositions in suspense.Based on the reflection and grasp of these commonalities,we can grasp the possible boundaries of the dissolution of the two oppositions:let HET be“where it is in,”reconfigure anthropocentrism,suspend metaphysical myths,and turn to the“reality of human beings.”展开更多
文摘There remains much ambiguity on what non-operative management(NOM)of rectal cancer truly entails in terms of the methods to be adopted and the best algorithm to follow.This is clearly shown by the discordance between various national and international guidelines on NOM of rectal cancer.The main aim of the NOM strategy is organ preservation and avoiding unnecessary surgical in-tervention,which carries its own risk of morbidity.A highly specific and sensitive surveillance program must be devised to avoid patients undergoing unnecessary surgical interventions.In many studies,NOM,often interchangeably called the Watch and Wait strategy,has been shown as a promising treatment option when undertaken in the appropriate patient population,where a clinical complete res-ponse is achieved.However,there are no clear guidelines on patient selection for NOM along with the optimal method of surveillance.
基金Supported by The National Recovery and Resilience Plan of the Republic of Bulgaria,No.BG-RRP-2.004-0008-C01.
文摘Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have tantalized regenerative medicine with their therapeutic potential,yet a cloud of controversies looms over their clinical tran-splantation.This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of MSC controversies,drawing upon 15 years of clinical experience and research.We delve into the fundamental properties of MSCs,exploring their unique immuno-modulatory capabilities and surface markers.The heart of our inquiry lies in the controversial applications of MSC transplantation,including the perennial debate between autologous and allogeneic sources,concerns about efficacy,and lingering safety apprehensions.Moreover,we unravel the enigmatic mechanisms surro-unding MSC transplantation,such as homing,integration,and the delicate balance between differentiation and paracrine effects.We also assess the current status of clinical trials and the ever-evolving regulatory landscape.As we peer into the future,we examine emerging trends,envisioning personalized medicine and innovative delivery methods.Our review provides a balanced and informed perspective on the controversies,offering readers a clear understanding of the complexities,challenges,and potential solutions in MSC transplantation.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China Grant No.202204120017the Autonomous Region Science and Technology Program Grant No.2022B01008-2the Autonomous Region Science and Technology Program Grant No.2020A02001-1.
文摘With the development of social media and the prevalence of mobile devices,an increasing number of people tend to use social media platforms to express their opinions and attitudes,leading to many online controversies.These online controversies can severely threaten social stability,making automatic detection of controversies particularly necessary.Most controversy detection methods currently focus on mining features from text semantics and propagation structures.However,these methods have two drawbacks:1)limited ability to capture structural features and failure to learn deeper structural features,and 2)neglecting the influence of topic information and ineffective utilization of topic features.In light of these phenomena,this paper proposes a social media controversy detection method called Dual Feature Enhanced Graph Convolutional Network(DFE-GCN).This method explores structural information at different scales from global and local perspectives to capture deeper structural features,enhancing the expressive power of structural features.Furthermore,to strengthen the influence of topic information,this paper utilizes attention mechanisms to enhance topic features after each graph convolutional layer,effectively using topic information.We validated our method on two different public datasets,and the experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance compared to baseline methods.On the Weibo and Reddit datasets,the accuracy is improved by 5.92%and 3.32%,respectively,and the F1 score is improved by 1.99%and 2.17%,demonstrating the positive impact of enhanced structural features and topic features on controversy detection.
文摘Gallbladder cancer(GBC)is a rare malignancy worldwide,with 140,000 new patients each year and more than 100,000 deaths annually.The review aims to address the controversial aspects of managing GBC.Regional differences of the study worldwide remain pending,and comparative mutational profiles will provide more information on the pathogenesis of GBC.However,certain pathologic aspects are discussed,such as the staging of early GBC,outcome differences between T2 pathologically staged patients,and the necessity of a uni-form pathologic report.The surgical management of GBC is still under debate.The extent of liver resection,type of lymphadenectomy,and selection of patients for extended resection are aspects of the disease that require revision.Laparoscopic and robotic approaches were initially slow to develop.However,with time,they have demonstrated their value in the surgical management of GBC.The OMEGA survey,performed to analyze the management practice of surgical treatment of GBC worldwide,demonstrated differences from the recom-mended guidelines.The OMEGA study,the largest cohort study,examined the outcomes of surgical intervention in 3676 patients from 133 centers.Regarding future directions,the value of collaborative efforts between centers and regions must be emphasized to better un-derstand the different aspects of the disease and globally improve therapeutic strategies for GBC.
基金Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation:Research on Ethica Issues and Governance Strategies of Emerging Human Enhancement Technologies(Grant No.2024JJ5278).
文摘The philosophical debate between“radicalism”and“conservatism”in emerging human enhancement technologies(HET)has never ceased.Although their theoreti-cal claims seem to be distinct from each other,they actually share certain common-alities,which are mainly manifested in three aspects:first,they both hold certain illusions about emerging HET;second,they both reflect the loss of human subjec-tivity in the debate;and third,they both leave the premise of their propositions in suspense.Based on the reflection and grasp of these commonalities,we can grasp the possible boundaries of the dissolution of the two oppositions:let HET be“where it is in,”reconfigure anthropocentrism,suspend metaphysical myths,and turn to the“reality of human beings.”
