电子商务网站的关键信息要素分析——基于消费者购买决策过程理论和Means-End Chain理论

本文以消费者购买决策过程理论和手段目的理论为基础,对电子商务网站的关键要素进行界定和分析,并希望基于此能为实现一个网站的全面信息化、便捷化、安全高效化提供重要的理论依据,从而更好地为广大消费者服务。

Means-End Chain Based Brand Positioning Strategy for Lin'an Carya Cathayensis Sarg

Based on the theory of Means-End Chain,this paper surveyed value cognition structure of 36 member consumers through the laddering interview. According to the survey,it made an in-depth analysis on brand positioning strategy for Lin'an Carya Cathayensis Sarg,and obtained the existing brand operating model. It is hoped to explore effective strategy of brand positioning for agricultural product enterprises in Zhejiang Province,and accordingly lift core competitiveness of agricultural products of Zhejiang Province.

What Was It Like to Be Caesar Crossing Rubicon 49 B.C.?

The mind-body problem receives new attention,partly under the inspiration from the success of quantum mechanics.Here I will discuss reductionism.The mind-body problem remains central to modern philosophy,no doubt stimulated by the progress in brain research.Following Thomas Nagel’s article on bats,one may similarly examine one of history’s champions.I will also deny reduction or physicalism,though my argument is very much simpler than Chalmers(1996).

MEC Based Study of Brand Building of Hongyue Garden Maker

Using the theory of means-end chain( MEC) and soft laddering technique,this paper carried out an in-depth interview with 38 consumers. By the content analysis method,it analyzed the relationship between the " attribute-consequence-value" of Hongyue Garden Maker,built the corresponding implication matrix and hierarchical value map,and finally obtained the dominant perception orientation of Hongyue Garden Maker consumption. This study revealed the potential reasons for consumers to buy Hongyue Garden Maker,analyzed the value connotation of consumers and the brand communication path of Hongyue Garden Maker. In addition,the results of this paper are expected to provide certain theoretical references for market segmentation and brand orientation of Hongyue Garden Maker.

Empirical Validation of Key-Factors of Connected Remote Services

Based on an exploration of key-factors of connected remote services(CRS)by means of a qualitative study among German automotive customers,this study operationalizes the phenomenon.The definition of CRS as service innovation captures the special particularity of connectedness as attribute,providing simultaneous connectivity of customers to a service object(e.g.car),and a service provider(e.g.dealer and car manufacturer).The measurement model is conceptualized as a second-order formative construct defining the five key-factors:convenience,connectedness,comfort,safety,and reliability as first-order reflective constructs as identified in the prior qualitative study.The scale validation was undertaken at the first-and second-order levels.The result confirms the five distinct first-order measurement models.At the second-order level,a multiple indicators and multiple causes(MIMIC)model was employed to assess the validity of the formative measurement model.The operationalization confirms the distinctness of the five CRS key-factors.Further,the results suggest that four of five key-factors significantly contribute to the overarching construct of connected remote services,with safety and connectedness being the most important contributors and comfort to be shown as not significant.The confirmed concept of CRS will provide future research with a basis to explore different impacts of CRS use,e.g.in the context of technology acceptance and intentional customer behavior.

乡村旅游中的游客中心感知价值层次模型研究——以临安大峡谷村为例

乡村游客中心是游客与乡村旅游目的地服务供给、信息交互的窗口,同时也具有规范乡村旅游发展的作用。以临安大峡谷村为案例,基于"Means-End"理论,运用阶梯法访谈,SPSS 20.0软件进行因子分析与多元回归分析,构建游客感知价值层次模型。研究结果显示:1.游客对于大峡谷村游客中心的感知价值具有层次关系,即属性层的价值感知显著影响结果层的价值感知,结果层价值感知显著影响目的层价值感知。2.结构价值图显示游客较为关注乡村旅游地游客中心的服务与功能等,感知价值模型显示服务质量、功能价值对于功能性结果、心理结果价值感知影响最大,且分别作用于安全感与生活品质高低的感知,但是游客感知价值总体偏低。3.游客对于游客中心属性层的价值感知负向影响结果层的成本感知,成本感知负向影响游客最终的价值感知。相对于"属性层-结果层","结果层-目的层"的感知价值层次关系较弱。并根据游客中心感知价值层次模型进行完善游客中心功能的对策研究。

Rethinking the Method and Function of Proportionality Test in the European Court of Human Rights

Strasbourg’s application of proportionality test has some unique features.Due to the Court inherent subsidiary role,it hardly transplants the formulas and criteria adopted by the German Constitutional Court or Court of Justice European Union(CJEU) in the complete sense.Consequently,the Strasbourg application of the proportionality has been depicted as a "mysterious house" for the reason that it lacks of certainty.Therefore,some scholars often worry the application of the proportionality test will threaten the predictability and the Strasbourg rule of law.Generally,the proportionality test has two internal functions for the Strasbourg judges:(1) strike fair balance between/among the competing interests;(2) testing on the reasonableness and appropriateness between the measures employed and aim pursued.In the first category,the primary task of the Court is to protect the scope of "essence" of the Convention rights from the interference of collective goods relying on the interest-based rights theory.Beyond this scope,the Court would have to balance the interests explicitly incorporated into the Convention rights as well as the external collective goods claimed by the state authorities.In some sensitive judgments,the Strasbourg Court tends to impose the onerous responsibility of "burden of proof" to the State authorities,or strategically defers to the domestic decisions unless they will be found "manifestly unreasonable".Secondly,the Court must take a scrutiny towards the appropriateness between the means employed and ends pursued,and then it has to decide whether a less intrusive alternative existed or will possibly be found or not.Sometimes,the Court might impose state authorities an obligation looking for a new alternation.However,due to subsidiarity characteristic of the Strasbourg Court,the task of the assessments sometimes is complicated and time-consuming,so the Court are not capable of evaluations in all occasions.Finally,the Court could strike down the "chilling consequence" caused by some few of the legitimate measures which may highly potentially threaten the individual rights in the National legal order.