Background: There have been no reported studies involving aerosol immunization with 2 of the 3 components of MMR II vaccine—Attenuvax measles vaccine and Jeryl-Lyn mumps vaccine. Objective: To evaluate the safety and...Background: There have been no reported studies involving aerosol immunization with 2 of the 3 components of MMR II vaccine—Attenuvax measles vaccine and Jeryl-Lyn mumps vaccine. Objective: To evaluate the safety and antibody responses to aerosolized Attenuvax measles strain, Jeryl Lynn mumps strain and RA 27/3 rubella component of an MMR vaccine in adults, before assessing the booster administration of this vaccine in children. Methods: A pilot study to evaluate safety and antibody responses of MMR II (Merch Sharp & Dhome Corp., Whitehouse Station, NJ 08889, USA) components administered by aerosol was carried out in 27 healthy adults of 21 to 38 years of age. All participants were followed-up during 28 days following immunization for detection of clinical adverse events. Immune response was evaluated by plaque reduction neutralization test for measles, and commercial ELISA kits for rubella and mumps. Results: Only mild clinical adverse events were noted. Despite high levels of baseline seropositivity to all vaccine components, seroresponses to measles, rubella and mumps occurred in 44%, 15% and 41%, respectively. Conclusions: These outcomes compare favorably with earlier studies of other MMR vaccines given by aerosol. Further evaluations on safety and booster immune response should be performed in children.展开更多
This paper reports two seronegative cases of parotid swelling following MMR vaccination,which contains Hoshino strain of mumps virus.This study showed a high,(5%) potential reactogenicity induced by Hoshino strain of ...This paper reports two seronegative cases of parotid swelling following MMR vaccination,which contains Hoshino strain of mumps virus.This study showed a high,(5%) potential reactogenicity induced by Hoshino strain of current MMR vaccine administered in Iranian EPI.The rate of complication of parotid swelling following national immunization against mumps is more than natural infection.Based on the results of this report, there is the first report of occurrence of parotid swelling 31 days following MMR vaccination.This reaction or complication may not be dependent on the vaccine dose,because one of cases presented parotid swelling following taking one fifth of conventional dose of vaccine.It must be considered this strain may be with high rate of complication and be the subject of change of mumps strain of this vaccine in national immunization program of Iran.展开更多
Background:A significant number of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder suffer a loss of previously-acquired skills,suggesting neurodegeneration or a type of progressive encephalopathy with an etiological ...Background:A significant number of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder suffer a loss of previously-acquired skills,suggesting neurodegeneration or a type of progressive encephalopathy with an etiological basis occurring after birth.The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectof the age at which children got their first Measles-Mumps-Rubella(MMR)vaccine on autism incidence.This is a reanalysis of the data set,obtained from the U.S.C enters for Disease C ontrol and Protection(CDC),used for the Destefano et al.2004 publication on the timing of the first MMR vaccine and autism diagnoses.Methods:The author embarked on the present study to evaluate whether a relationship exists between child age when the first MMR vaccine was administered among cases diagnosed with autism and controls born between 1986 through 1993 among school children in metropolitan Atlanta.The Pearson's chisquared method was used to assess relative risks of receiving an autism diagnosis within the total cohort as well as among different race and gender categories.Results:When comparing cases and controls receiving their first MMR vaccine before and after 36 months of age,there was a statistically significant increase in autism cases specifically among African American males who received the first MMR prior to 36 months of age.Relative risks for males in general and African American males were 1.69(p=0.0138)and 3.36(p=0.0019),respectively.Additionally,African American males showed an odds ratio of 1.73(p=0.0200)for autism cases in children receiving their first MMR vaccine prior to 24 months of age versus 24 months of age and thereafter.Conclusions:The present study provides new epidemiologic evidence showing that African American males receiving the MMR vaccine prior to 24 months of age or 36 months of age are more likely to receive an autism diagnosis.展开更多
Objective:To analyse the laboratory surveillance data from 2004 till 2008 to examine the changing trend of rubella cases in Malaysia.Methods:Samples for this study were either received through the measles case based s...Objective:To analyse the laboratory surveillance data from 2004 till 2008 to examine the changing trend of rubella cases in Malaysia.Methods:Samples for this study were either received through the measles case based surveillance program or were hospital cases received for sero-diagnosis of congenital rubella syndrome(CRS). Specific rubella IgM antibody test was carried out on all samples that were negative for measles IgM antibody and for sero-diagnosis of CRS.Results:Through the surveillance program for measles,the samples received for rubella had increased five fold from 365 in 2004 to 1 522 in 2007.Positive rubella cases detected had also increased from 4.1%in 2004 to 33.2%in 2007.The age group 11 to 20 years accounted for 73.6%of rubella cases confirmed in 2008,with a higher incidence among males than females.Positive rubella IgM was detected in 25 CRS cases during the 6 year period between January 2003 and December 2008.Conclusion:The measles elimination program had contributed to significant progress in the control of rubella,with the majority of rubella cases detected through this strategy.Since rubella is not notifiable in Malaysia,this integrated measles and rubella surveillance should be continued.However,to enhance the progress,specific targets should also be established in the national program to eliminate rubella and CRS.展开更多
Objective:The purpose of this study is to improve vaccination rates at a clinic with a large Somali population,and many vaccine hesitant parents.The study evaluated the effectiveness of some new materials for vaccine ...Objective:The purpose of this study is to improve vaccination rates at a clinic with a large Somali population,and many vaccine hesitant parents.The study evaluated the effectiveness of some new materials for vaccine hesitant parents.Methods:Educational sessions were given to providers and staff to give“talking points”and to introduce a vaccine refusal form.Chart reviews were done for notes from 50 random well child visits per month of children less than six years old for 7 months before and after the intervention.Results:Before the intervention,44% of Somali children who needed shots did not get them at their well child visit.Afterwards,34% of the Somali children did not get their needed shots.Of non-Somali children,16.8% did not get needed shots before the intervention,and 12.7% did not get needed shots after the intervention(P=0.07).The MMR was the most frequent vaccine omitted.After the intervention,29 parents signed the vaccine refusal form.Conclusion:The“talking points”and vaccine refusal form were associated with improve-ments in immunization rates in this challenging patient population that were not statistically signifi-cant.Refusal form use was not well documented,so its true value requires further study.展开更多
目的探討澳門地區某醫院收治一名發熱、皮疹的男病人造成院内麻疹群聚感染事件的經過,為制定針對性的院内防控措施提供依據。方法採用描述流行病學方法對該院麻疹群聚感染資料進行分析。結果此事件造成8位醫療人員及6位門診求診者確診...目的探討澳門地區某醫院收治一名發熱、皮疹的男病人造成院内麻疹群聚感染事件的經過,為制定針對性的院内防控措施提供依據。方法採用描述流行病學方法對該院麻疹群聚感染資料進行分析。結果此事件造成8位醫療人員及6位門診求診者確診感染麻疹。分析主要原因是麻疹流行地區與澳門地區往來密切,造成澳門地區輸入性麻疹的風險增加。以及,澳門地區20歲~29歲已接種麻疹疫苗的居民,麻疹免疫力不足。結論完善中國澳門居民麻疹、腮腺炎、德國麻疹混合疫苗接種(Measles,Mumps and Rubella,MMR),特別是高風險科室工作的醫務人員。醫療機構出現麻疹確診個案,需要及時評估接觸者,為符合暴露後預防接種條件者即時應急接種MMR疫苗。對不典型麻疹病例應早期進行鼻咽拭子病原學檢測,及對醫療人員進行麻疹定義及處理的相關宣教,防止麻疹在院内或社區傳播。展开更多
目的 分析2015—2022年吉林省不同月龄儿童接种麻腮风/麻风疫苗的安全性。方法 通过吉林省免疫规划信息管理系统收集2015年1月1日—2022年12月31日麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹联合减毒活疫苗(measles,mumps and rubella combined attenuated liv...目的 分析2015—2022年吉林省不同月龄儿童接种麻腮风/麻风疫苗的安全性。方法 通过吉林省免疫规划信息管理系统收集2015年1月1日—2022年12月31日麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹联合减毒活疫苗(measles,mumps and rubella combined attenuated live vaccine,简称MMR)及麻疹、风疹联合减毒活疫苗(measles and rubella combined attenuated live vaccine,简称MR)的实际接种数据,并经全国疑似预防接种异常反应(adverse event following immunization,AEFI)监测报告系统收集该时间段内接种MMR和MR后报告的所有AEFI个案信息。比较8月龄儿童接种第1剂次MMR(MMR8组)及MR(MR8组)、18月龄儿童接种第1剂次MMR(8月龄时接种MR,MMR18-1组)及第2剂次MMR(8月龄时接种第1剂次MMR,MMR18-2组)后的AEFI报告发生率,初步评价不同月龄儿童接种MMR及MR的安全性。结果MMR8、MR8、MMR18-1和MMR18-2组的AEFI报告发生率分别为374.41/10万、350.81/10万、101.70/10万和104.91/10万,4组间差异有统计学意义(χ~2=1 145.47,P=0.00);MMR8与MR8组、MMR18-1与MMR18-2组间差异均无统计学意义(χ~2分别为3.780和0.194,P均> 0.05);MMR8与MMR18-1、MMR8与MMR18-2、MR8与MMR18-1组间差异均有统计学意义(χ~2分别为920.440、412.110、1 021.120,P均<0.001)。不良反应大部分为一般反应,以发热、局部红肿和硬结为主;少数为异常反应,以过敏性反应(皮疹、丘疹和荨麻疹等)为主。仅MMR8组报告1例偶合症,未发生心因性反应、疫苗质量事故、接种事故。所有AEFI转归均为好转或痊愈。结论 8月龄儿童接种MMR及MR的AEFI报告发生率差异均较小,且无论初次接种MMR还是MR,18月龄儿童复种MMR的AEFI发生率差异均较小。8月龄儿童使用MMR替代MR进行初次接种安全性良好。展开更多
目的研究衢州市2011-2013年出生儿童接种1剂麻腮风减毒活疫苗(measles,mumps and rubella combined attenuated live vaccine,MMR)对流行性腮腺炎(流腮)保护效果,为制定流腮防控策略提供依据。方法分别从"中国疾病监测信息报告管...目的研究衢州市2011-2013年出生儿童接种1剂麻腮风减毒活疫苗(measles,mumps and rubella combined attenuated live vaccine,MMR)对流行性腮腺炎(流腮)保护效果,为制定流腮防控策略提供依据。方法分别从"中国疾病监测信息报告管理系统"和"浙江省免疫规划信息系统"中导出衢州市2011-2013年出生儿童的流腮个案和疫苗接种数据,计算接种率、相对危险度和疫苗保护效果(vaccine efficacy,VE)。结果衢州市2011-2013年出生儿童累计报告流腮病例286例,其中无MMR免疫史病例和接种1剂MMR突破病例分别为25例、261例。无免疫史病例和突破病例的出生年份、男女性别构成比无差异,突破病例构成比随着时间延长而增加,免后2~3年发病数最多,且发病时间长于无免疫史病例(t=9.546,P<0.01)。衢州市2011-2013年出生儿童1剂MMR接种及时率分别为91.87%,92.15%,93.16%,累计接种率分别为97.60%,97.46%,97.52%。接种1剂MMR估算总VE为73.5%(95%CI:60.2%~82.4%),在18~23月接种1剂MMR后<2年、2~3年、4~5年的VE分别为92.1%(95%CI:87.6%~94.9%)、86.4%(95%CI:79.1%~91.1%)、94.6%(95%CI:91.3%~96.7%)。结论接种1剂MMR的长期保护效果有限,建议在提高1剂MMR接种及时率的同时,尽早引入2剂MMR常规免疫程序,第2剂在4~6岁接种。展开更多
文摘Background: There have been no reported studies involving aerosol immunization with 2 of the 3 components of MMR II vaccine—Attenuvax measles vaccine and Jeryl-Lyn mumps vaccine. Objective: To evaluate the safety and antibody responses to aerosolized Attenuvax measles strain, Jeryl Lynn mumps strain and RA 27/3 rubella component of an MMR vaccine in adults, before assessing the booster administration of this vaccine in children. Methods: A pilot study to evaluate safety and antibody responses of MMR II (Merch Sharp & Dhome Corp., Whitehouse Station, NJ 08889, USA) components administered by aerosol was carried out in 27 healthy adults of 21 to 38 years of age. All participants were followed-up during 28 days following immunization for detection of clinical adverse events. Immune response was evaluated by plaque reduction neutralization test for measles, and commercial ELISA kits for rubella and mumps. Results: Only mild clinical adverse events were noted. Despite high levels of baseline seropositivity to all vaccine components, seroresponses to measles, rubella and mumps occurred in 44%, 15% and 41%, respectively. Conclusions: These outcomes compare favorably with earlier studies of other MMR vaccines given by aerosol. Further evaluations on safety and booster immune response should be performed in children.
基金deputy research of Shahr-e-kord University of Medical Sciences for their financial supports
文摘This paper reports two seronegative cases of parotid swelling following MMR vaccination,which contains Hoshino strain of mumps virus.This study showed a high,(5%) potential reactogenicity induced by Hoshino strain of current MMR vaccine administered in Iranian EPI.The rate of complication of parotid swelling following national immunization against mumps is more than natural infection.Based on the results of this report, there is the first report of occurrence of parotid swelling 31 days following MMR vaccination.This reaction or complication may not be dependent on the vaccine dose,because one of cases presented parotid swelling following taking one fifth of conventional dose of vaccine.It must be considered this strain may be with high rate of complication and be the subject of change of mumps strain of this vaccine in national immunization program of Iran.
基金Funding for this research was provided for by a grant from Focus Autism,Inc.Data for case and control children were provided in a de-identified formby the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
文摘Background:A significant number of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder suffer a loss of previously-acquired skills,suggesting neurodegeneration or a type of progressive encephalopathy with an etiological basis occurring after birth.The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectof the age at which children got their first Measles-Mumps-Rubella(MMR)vaccine on autism incidence.This is a reanalysis of the data set,obtained from the U.S.C enters for Disease C ontrol and Protection(CDC),used for the Destefano et al.2004 publication on the timing of the first MMR vaccine and autism diagnoses.Methods:The author embarked on the present study to evaluate whether a relationship exists between child age when the first MMR vaccine was administered among cases diagnosed with autism and controls born between 1986 through 1993 among school children in metropolitan Atlanta.The Pearson's chisquared method was used to assess relative risks of receiving an autism diagnosis within the total cohort as well as among different race and gender categories.Results:When comparing cases and controls receiving their first MMR vaccine before and after 36 months of age,there was a statistically significant increase in autism cases specifically among African American males who received the first MMR prior to 36 months of age.Relative risks for males in general and African American males were 1.69(p=0.0138)and 3.36(p=0.0019),respectively.Additionally,African American males showed an odds ratio of 1.73(p=0.0200)for autism cases in children receiving their first MMR vaccine prior to 24 months of age versus 24 months of age and thereafter.Conclusions:The present study provides new epidemiologic evidence showing that African American males receiving the MMR vaccine prior to 24 months of age or 36 months of age are more likely to receive an autism diagnosis.
文摘Objective:To analyse the laboratory surveillance data from 2004 till 2008 to examine the changing trend of rubella cases in Malaysia.Methods:Samples for this study were either received through the measles case based surveillance program or were hospital cases received for sero-diagnosis of congenital rubella syndrome(CRS). Specific rubella IgM antibody test was carried out on all samples that were negative for measles IgM antibody and for sero-diagnosis of CRS.Results:Through the surveillance program for measles,the samples received for rubella had increased five fold from 365 in 2004 to 1 522 in 2007.Positive rubella cases detected had also increased from 4.1%in 2004 to 33.2%in 2007.The age group 11 to 20 years accounted for 73.6%of rubella cases confirmed in 2008,with a higher incidence among males than females.Positive rubella IgM was detected in 25 CRS cases during the 6 year period between January 2003 and December 2008.Conclusion:The measles elimination program had contributed to significant progress in the control of rubella,with the majority of rubella cases detected through this strategy.Since rubella is not notifiable in Malaysia,this integrated measles and rubella surveillance should be continued.However,to enhance the progress,specific targets should also be established in the national program to eliminate rubella and CRS.
文摘Objective:The purpose of this study is to improve vaccination rates at a clinic with a large Somali population,and many vaccine hesitant parents.The study evaluated the effectiveness of some new materials for vaccine hesitant parents.Methods:Educational sessions were given to providers and staff to give“talking points”and to introduce a vaccine refusal form.Chart reviews were done for notes from 50 random well child visits per month of children less than six years old for 7 months before and after the intervention.Results:Before the intervention,44% of Somali children who needed shots did not get them at their well child visit.Afterwards,34% of the Somali children did not get their needed shots.Of non-Somali children,16.8% did not get needed shots before the intervention,and 12.7% did not get needed shots after the intervention(P=0.07).The MMR was the most frequent vaccine omitted.After the intervention,29 parents signed the vaccine refusal form.Conclusion:The“talking points”and vaccine refusal form were associated with improve-ments in immunization rates in this challenging patient population that were not statistically signifi-cant.Refusal form use was not well documented,so its true value requires further study.
文摘目的探討澳門地區某醫院收治一名發熱、皮疹的男病人造成院内麻疹群聚感染事件的經過,為制定針對性的院内防控措施提供依據。方法採用描述流行病學方法對該院麻疹群聚感染資料進行分析。結果此事件造成8位醫療人員及6位門診求診者確診感染麻疹。分析主要原因是麻疹流行地區與澳門地區往來密切,造成澳門地區輸入性麻疹的風險增加。以及,澳門地區20歲~29歲已接種麻疹疫苗的居民,麻疹免疫力不足。結論完善中國澳門居民麻疹、腮腺炎、德國麻疹混合疫苗接種(Measles,Mumps and Rubella,MMR),特別是高風險科室工作的醫務人員。醫療機構出現麻疹確診個案,需要及時評估接觸者,為符合暴露後預防接種條件者即時應急接種MMR疫苗。對不典型麻疹病例應早期進行鼻咽拭子病原學檢測,及對醫療人員進行麻疹定義及處理的相關宣教,防止麻疹在院内或社區傳播。
文摘目的调查某受种者发生特发性血小板减少性紫癜(idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura,ITP)、EB病毒(Epstein-barr virus,EBV)感染与接种吸附无细胞百白破联合疫苗(diphtheria,tetanus and acellular pertussis combined vaccine,adsorbed,DTaP)、麻疹-腮腺炎-风疹联合减毒活疫苗(measles,mumps and rubella combined attenuated live vaccine,MMR)是否存在因果关联。方法县、乡两级专业人员根据受种者的调查诊断申请,开展个案调查、收集受种者、接种方、疫苗生产企业相关资料;对菏泽市2022年4月—2023年4月疑似预防接种异常反应(adverse events following immunization,AEFI)数据、疫苗接种剂次进行统计,查询接种同批号疫苗受种者AEFI的发生情况,并进行描述性分析;菏泽市预防接种异常反应调查专家组对该AEFI案例开展调查诊断。结果某受种者于2023年4月2日16:21接种DTaP、MMR,观察30min无异常;2023年4月5日20:21该病例发现全身散在出血点,于2023年4—5月先后在乙、丙医院住院治疗,诊断为ITP、EB病毒感染。在2022年4月3日—2023年4月2日接种的379.21万剂次各类疫苗中,AEFI发生率为0.16/10万剂,低于2020年全国2.41/10万剂水平(u=8.925,P<0.05)。调查诊断结果为该病例不属于预防接种异常反应。结论该受种者接种DTaP、MMR与发生EBV感染、ITP无因果关联性,为偶合症。
文摘目的 分析2015—2022年吉林省不同月龄儿童接种麻腮风/麻风疫苗的安全性。方法 通过吉林省免疫规划信息管理系统收集2015年1月1日—2022年12月31日麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹联合减毒活疫苗(measles,mumps and rubella combined attenuated live vaccine,简称MMR)及麻疹、风疹联合减毒活疫苗(measles and rubella combined attenuated live vaccine,简称MR)的实际接种数据,并经全国疑似预防接种异常反应(adverse event following immunization,AEFI)监测报告系统收集该时间段内接种MMR和MR后报告的所有AEFI个案信息。比较8月龄儿童接种第1剂次MMR(MMR8组)及MR(MR8组)、18月龄儿童接种第1剂次MMR(8月龄时接种MR,MMR18-1组)及第2剂次MMR(8月龄时接种第1剂次MMR,MMR18-2组)后的AEFI报告发生率,初步评价不同月龄儿童接种MMR及MR的安全性。结果MMR8、MR8、MMR18-1和MMR18-2组的AEFI报告发生率分别为374.41/10万、350.81/10万、101.70/10万和104.91/10万,4组间差异有统计学意义(χ~2=1 145.47,P=0.00);MMR8与MR8组、MMR18-1与MMR18-2组间差异均无统计学意义(χ~2分别为3.780和0.194,P均> 0.05);MMR8与MMR18-1、MMR8与MMR18-2、MR8与MMR18-1组间差异均有统计学意义(χ~2分别为920.440、412.110、1 021.120,P均<0.001)。不良反应大部分为一般反应,以发热、局部红肿和硬结为主;少数为异常反应,以过敏性反应(皮疹、丘疹和荨麻疹等)为主。仅MMR8组报告1例偶合症,未发生心因性反应、疫苗质量事故、接种事故。所有AEFI转归均为好转或痊愈。结论 8月龄儿童接种MMR及MR的AEFI报告发生率差异均较小,且无论初次接种MMR还是MR,18月龄儿童复种MMR的AEFI发生率差异均较小。8月龄儿童使用MMR替代MR进行初次接种安全性良好。
文摘联合疫苗(combined vaccine)通常是指以多种活的或灭活的微生物及抗原成分联合配制而成的疫苗,能同时预防多种传染性疾病。联合疫苗具有疫苗接种次数少、预防疾病覆盖率高、人群接种疫苗依从性高及接种成本低的特点,目前已在健康儿童中广泛使用。因适种人群庞大,所以联合疫苗的免疫原性及安全性备受关注。其中,联合后联合疫苗的多种成分(如抗原成分和佐剂)相互作用可能会影响疫苗有效成分的免疫效果,甚至可能发生疑似预防接种异常反应(adverse event following immunization,AEFI),所以须对其进行免疫原性和安全性的评估。常用联合疫苗有以百白破疫苗为基础的联合疫苗,以麻腮风疫苗为基础的联合疫苗以及甲肝乙肝联合疫苗等。现就这几种联合疫苗的研究基础概述其免疫原性和安全性。
文摘目的研究衢州市2011-2013年出生儿童接种1剂麻腮风减毒活疫苗(measles,mumps and rubella combined attenuated live vaccine,MMR)对流行性腮腺炎(流腮)保护效果,为制定流腮防控策略提供依据。方法分别从"中国疾病监测信息报告管理系统"和"浙江省免疫规划信息系统"中导出衢州市2011-2013年出生儿童的流腮个案和疫苗接种数据,计算接种率、相对危险度和疫苗保护效果(vaccine efficacy,VE)。结果衢州市2011-2013年出生儿童累计报告流腮病例286例,其中无MMR免疫史病例和接种1剂MMR突破病例分别为25例、261例。无免疫史病例和突破病例的出生年份、男女性别构成比无差异,突破病例构成比随着时间延长而增加,免后2~3年发病数最多,且发病时间长于无免疫史病例(t=9.546,P<0.01)。衢州市2011-2013年出生儿童1剂MMR接种及时率分别为91.87%,92.15%,93.16%,累计接种率分别为97.60%,97.46%,97.52%。接种1剂MMR估算总VE为73.5%(95%CI:60.2%~82.4%),在18~23月接种1剂MMR后<2年、2~3年、4~5年的VE分别为92.1%(95%CI:87.6%~94.9%)、86.4%(95%CI:79.1%~91.1%)、94.6%(95%CI:91.3%~96.7%)。结论接种1剂MMR的长期保护效果有限,建议在提高1剂MMR接种及时率的同时,尽早引入2剂MMR常规免疫程序,第2剂在4~6岁接种。
