A Synergistic Multi-Attribute Decision-Making Method for Educational Institutions Evaluation Using Similarity Measures of Possibility Pythagorean Fuzzy Hypersoft Sets

Due to the numerous variables to take into account as well as the inherent ambiguity and uncertainty,evaluating educational institutions can be difficult.The concept of a possibility Pythagorean fuzzy hypersoft set(pPyFHSS)is more flexible in this regard than other theoretical fuzzy set-like models,even though some attempts have been made in the literature to address such uncertainties.This study investigates the elementary notions of pPyFHSS including its set-theoretic operations union,intersection,complement,OR-and AND-operations.Some results related to these operations are also modified for pPyFHSS.Additionally,the similarity measures between pPyFHSSs are formulated with the assistance of numerical examples and results.Lastly,an intelligent decision-assisted mechanism is developed with the proposal of a robust algorithm based on similarity measures for solving multi-attribute decision-making(MADM)problems.A case study that helps the decision-makers assess the best educational institution is discussed to validate the suggested system.The algorithmic results are compared with the most pertinent model to evaluate the adaptability of pPyFHSS,as it generalizes the classical possibility fuzzy set-like theoretical models.Similarly,while considering significant evaluating factors,the flexibility of pPyFHSS is observed through structural comparison.

Correlation between the rock mass properties and maximum horizontal stress:A case study of overcoring stress measurements

Understanding the mechanical properties of the lithologies is crucial to accurately determine the horizontal stress magnitude.To investigate the correlation between the rock mass properties and maximum horizontal stress,the three-dimensional(3D)stress tensors at 89 measuring points determined using an improved overcoring technique in nine mines in China were adopted,a newly defined characteristic parameter C_(ERP)was proposed as an indicator for evaluating the structural properties of rock masses,and a fuzzy relation matrix was established using the information distribution method.The results indicate that both the vertical stress and horizontal stress exhibit a good linear growth relationship with depth.There is no remarkable correlation between the elastic modulus,Poisson's ratio and depth,and the distribution of data points is scattered and messy.Moreover,there is no obvious relationship between the rock quality designation(RQD)and depth.The maximum horizontal stress σ_(H) is a function of rock properties,showing a certain linear relationship with the C_(ERP)at the same depth.In addition,the overall change trend of σ_(H) determined by the established fuzzy identification method is to increase with the increase of C_(ERP).The fuzzy identification method also demonstrates a relatively detailed local relationship betweenσ_H and C_(ERP),and the predicted curve rises in a fluctuating way,which is in accord well with the measured stress data.

Medical Diagnosis Based on Multi-Attribute Group Decision-Making Using Extension Fuzzy Sets,Aggregation Operators and Basic Uncertainty Information Granule

Accurate medical diagnosis,which involves identifying diseases based on patient symptoms,is often hindered by uncertainties in data interpretation and retrieval.Advanced fuzzy set theories have emerged as effective tools to address these challenges.In this paper,new mathematical approaches for handling uncertainty in medical diagnosis are introduced using q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets(q-ROFS)and interval-valued q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets(IVq-ROFS).Three aggregation operators are proposed in our methodologies:the q-ROF weighted averaging(q-ROFWA),the q-ROF weighted geometric(q-ROFWG),and the q-ROF weighted neutrality averaging(qROFWNA),which enhance decision-making under uncertainty.These operators are paired with ranking methods such as the similarity measure,score function,and inverse score function to improve the accuracy of disease identification.Additionally,the impact of varying q-rung values is explored through a sensitivity analysis,extending the analysis beyond the typical maximum value of 3.The Basic Uncertain Information(BUI)method is employed to simulate expert opinions,and aggregation operators are used to combine these opinions in a group decisionmaking context.Our results provide a comprehensive comparison of methodologies,highlighting their strengths and limitations in diagnosing diseases based on uncertain patient data.

The Stage Set for 2025

As 2024 comes to an end,the pickup in consumption and robust growth in a range of sectors have bolstered confidence that the Chinese economy is right on track to meet the preset growth rate of around five percent.Benefiting from a flurry of consumption-stimulating policies and measures,China’s online retail sales surpassed RMB 14 trillion in the January-November period,a year-on-year increase of 7.4 percent.Imports and exports maintained steady growth,climbing by 4.9 percent year-on-year in renminbi terms.Value-added industrial output also expanded 5.8 percent year-on-year.The volume of express delivery parcels reached a new high of 150 billion and is expected to grow higher still given the new-year festivities ahead.

Voices that matter:The impact of patient-reported outcome measures on clinical decision-making

The critical role of patient-reported outcome measures(PROMs)in enhancing clinical decision-making and promoting patient-centered care has gained a profound significance in scientific research.PROMs encapsulate a patient's health status directly from their perspective,encompassing various domains such as symptom severity,functional status,and overall quality of life.By integrating PROMs into routine clinical practice and research,healthcare providers can achieve a more nuanced understanding of patient experiences and tailor treatments accordingly.The deployment of PROMs supports dynamic patient-provider interactions,fostering better patient engagement and adherence to tre-atment plans.Moreover,PROMs are pivotal in clinical settings for monitoring disease progression and treatment efficacy,particularly in chronic and mental health conditions.However,challenges in implementing PROMs include data collection and management,integration into existing health systems,and acceptance by patients and providers.Overcoming these barriers necessitates technological advancements,policy development,and continuous education to enhance the acceptability and effectiveness of PROMs.The paper concludes with recommendations for future research and policy-making aimed at optimizing the use and impact of PROMs across healthcare settings.

Human Effects on Tabounsou’s Coastal Ecosystem and the Matoto-Conakry Case Study of Sustainable Management Practices

Humans have always engaged with their surroundings and the ecology in which they live.However,during the industrial age,this contact has been more intense and has had a substantial impact on environment and ecosystems.For example,overexploitation of natural resources,mining,pollution,and deforestation are all elements that negatively affect biodiversity and natural resources.Few studies have been conducted to evaluate the damage caused,despite the significant uncontrolled pressure from human activity.However,maintaining its environment is essential to the survival of coastal fishing.Goal:This study’s goal was to evaluate how human activity affected Tabounsou’s coastal ecology in order to suggest remedial actions for sustainable management.The following was the methodological approach used:executive consultation and archival analysis;stakeholder survey(locals,farmers,salt producers,fishers,and loggers);inventory of species;anthropogenic activity inventory;evaluation of how human activity affects aquatic life in the research region;suggestion and action for sustainable management;Outcome:Executive consultation indicated that the main issues are:construction projects that reduce the estuary’s surface area;agricultural practices such as woodcutting and salt farming;the rise in resource exploitation;noncompliance with fisheries laws;and the catching of young fish.Eighty-three percent of fisherman ditch their nets on the coast after using them,but only seventeen percent burn them.With a 75%frequency rate,the same survey indicates that most fisherman fish around the coast.In the Tabounsou area,according to loggers’survey,68%of the wood cut is Rhizophora,24%is Avicennia,and 8%is Laguncularia.Three fish stocks,representing nine families and nine species,were identified by the species inventory.At 18%and 15%,respectively,the actors most frequently capture the species Pseudotolithus elongatus and Arius parkii.According to a poll of 30 farmers,90%of them apply fertilizer to their soil,while only 10%do not.During the dry season,salt is grown.According to two actors,Bougna Toro Toro produces 100 kg of salt per day,followed by Khoumawadé,which produces 80 kg,and Toumbibougni,which produces 70 kg.

Variations in quantifying patient reported outcome measures to estimate treatment effect

In the practice of healthcare,patient-reported outcomes(PROs)and PRO measures(PROMs)are used as an attempt to observe the changes in complex clinical situations.They guide us in making decisions based on the evidence regarding patient care by recording the change in outcomes for a particular treatment to a given condition and finally to understand whether a patient will benefit from a particular treatment and to quantify the treatment effect.For any PROM to be usable in health care,we need it to be reliable,encapsulating the points of interest with the potential to detect any real change.Using structured outcome measures routinely in clinical practice helps the physician to understand the functional limitation of a patient that would otherwise not be clear in an office interview,and this allows the physician and patient to have a meaningful conver-sation as well as a customized plan for each patient.Having mentioned the rationale and the benefits of PROMs,understanding the quantification process is crucial before embarking on management decisions.A better interpretation of change needs to identify the treatment effect based on clinical relevance for a given condition.There are a multiple set of measurement indices to serve this effect and most of them are used interchangeably without clear demarcation on their differences.This article details the various quantification metrics used to evaluate the treatment effect using PROMs,their limitations and the scope of usage and implementation in clinical practice.

Sterile supernatant of Bacillus subtilis TLD4 controls apple replant disease:Microbial community structure-mediated inhibition of Fusarium

Apple replant disease(ARD)is a common soil-borne disease,and has a negative impact on the growth and yield of apple trees(Jiang et al.,2023).Due to the prevalence of pathogenic Fusarium spp.,the resulting microbial community shift in the rhizosphere soil has been the primary cause of ARD in major apple-producing regions along the Bohai Gulf(Wang et al.,2018).Chemical fumigation is gradually eliminated because of its environmental pollution.Therefore,it is crucial to find sustainable,eco-friendly,and effective biological measures to alleviate ARD(Wang et al.,2022).Since the discovery of antagonistic and plant growthpromoting bacteria(such as Bacillus spp.),their solid microbial fertilizers have been demonstrated to have effective biocontrol properties(Shahid et al.,2021).In view of the variety of natural antifungal compounds of Bacillus spp.(Jasim et al.,2016;Ismaila et al.,2023),there were few reports on applying sterile supernatant of Bacillus spp.to prevent ARD.

China’s High-Quality Technology Innovation:Scenario Narrative and Measurement System

The world today is undergoing disruptive,transformative shifts driven by a new wave of technological revolutions and industrial changes.In this context,a central question for China’s innovation-driven development strategy is how to effectively identify and measure high-quality technological innovations.Drawing on the stylized facts and scenario narrative of China’s technological landscape,this paper proposes a framework and measurement system for evaluating high-quality technological innovations.While China’s top-level design for technological innovation is guided by policy documents,the increasing number of enterprises applying for“high-tech enterprise”status has coincided with a decline in the quality of patent filings.In response,this paper first underscores the challenges and necessity of measuring the quality of technological innovations.Second,we introduce the high-quality technological innovation indicators and employ them to assess the quality of tech innovations at the firm level,utilizing an approach that combines analogical narrative,gene coding,text analysis,semantic logic,and a database of granted invention patents in China.Third,we examine the systematic and individual biases inherent in citation counts,a commonly used indicator,under specific contexts,and employ a granular instrumental variable approach to validate the effectiveness of the indicators.Finally,we develop a“family tree”of the indicators and explore their application scenarios through a combination of established and extended indicators.Our findings provide a theoretical foundation for evaluating China’s technological innovation quality,inform policy incentives,and offer insights for academia to apply high-quality technological innovation indicators in different contexts.

Small bowel obstruction due to intra-abdominal hernia:New thoughts on diagnosis and treatment

Internal herniation(IH)refers to the movement of intra-abdominal organs or tissues out of their original position through normal or abnormal orifices and fissures in the peritoneum or mesentery and into an anatomic space within the abdominal cavity.Although the incidence of small bowel obstruction(SBO)caused by IH is very low(approximately 0.2%to 0.9%),its incidence may be increased in certain specific populations or in postoperative patients.Recently Kaw et al shared their 13-year experience of managing IHs in a tertiary care hospital in India.This retrospective study analyzed and determined the clinico-demographic profiles,radiological and operative findings and postoperative course of patients with IH and the association with SBO.The results provide valuable insights into early diagnosis and establishment of a timely treatment regimen for this condition and emphasize the importance of combining rapid imaging evaluation with the traditional therapeutic approach of laparoscopic surgery,thus providing a novel perspective on the diagnosis and treatment of SBO caused by IH.

dP/dt_(max):An underestimated prognostic factor in large animal infarction model

The present study aims to establish a reproducible large animal experimental unit using a minipig model to monitor cardiac function changes.A 90-min closed-chest bal-loon occlusion of the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery was used to induce myocardial infarction in Pannon minipigs.To monitor the cardiac function,measurements were made by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging(cMRI),invasive pressure monitoring,and a Pulse index Continuous Cardiac Output(PiCCO)hemo-dynamic system at 0,72,and 720 h during the follow-up period.End-diastolic and end-systolic volumes(EDV,ESV),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)obtained by cMRI evaluation,global ejection fraction and aortic dP/dt_(max)obtained by the invasive method,were recorded and compared.The 72-and 720-h EDV data showed a signifi-cant increase(p=0.012,<0.001)compared to baseline,and the Day 30 data showed a significant increase compared to Day 3(p=0.022).The ESV 72 h after the infarction showed a significant increase(p=0.001)compared to baseline,which did not change significantly by Day 30(p=0.781)compared to Day 3.EDV and ESV were signifi-cantly negatively correlated with aortic dp_(max),and ESV was significantly correlated with LVEF.For LVEF and dP_(max),a significant(p<0.001 and p=0.002)worsening was demonstrated at Day 3 compared to baseline,which was no longer statistically de-tectable for LVEF at Day 30(p=0.141),while the difference for dP_(max)was maintained(p=0.002).The complementary use of PiCCO hemodynamic measurements in large animal models makes the previously used methodologies more robust and reliable.

Landslide model tests with a miniature 2D principal stress sensor

Understanding the stress distribution derived from monitoring the principal stress(PS)in slopes is of great importance.In this study,a miniature sensor for quantifying the two-dimensional(2D)PS in landslide model tests is proposed.The fundamental principle and design of the sensor are demonstrated.The sensor comprises three earth pressure gages and one gyroscope,with the utilization of three-dimensional(3D)printing technology.The difficulties of installation location during model preparation and sensor rotation during testing can be effectively overcome using this sensor.Two different arrangements of the sensors are tested in verification tests.Additionally,the application of the sensor in an excavated-induced slope model is tested.The results demonstrate that the sensor exhibits commendable performance and achieves a desirable level of accuracy,with a principal stress angle error of±5°in the verification tests.The stress transformation of the slope model,generated by excavation,is demonstrated in the application test by monitoring the two miniature principal stress(MPS)sensors.The sensor has a significant potential for measuring primary stress in landslide model tests and other geotechnical model experiments.

Status analysis on sputtering and erosion evaluation methods of ion optic systems

In the past few decades,ion engines have been widely used in deep-space propulsion and satellite station-keeping.The aim of extending the thruster lifetime is still one of the most important parts during the design stage of ion engine.As one of the core components of ion engine,the grid assembly of ion optic systems may experience long-term ion sputtering in extreme electro-thermal environments,which will eventually lead to its structural and electron-backstreaming failures.In this paper,the current studies of the grid assembly erosion process are systematically analyzed from the aspects of sputtering damage process of grid materials,numerical simulations,and measurements of erosion characteristics of grid assembly.The advantages and disadvantages of various erosion prediction models are highlighted,and the key factors and processes affecting the prediction accuracy of grid assembly erosion patterns are analyzed.Three different types of experimental methods of grid assembly erosion patterns are compared.The analysis in this paper is of great importance for selecting the sputter-resistant grid materials,as well as establishing the erosion models and measurement methods to accurately determine the erosion rate and failure modes of grid assembly.Consequently,the working conditions and structure parameters of ion optic systems could be optimized based on erosion models to promote the ion engine lifetime.

Combining machine learning algorithms with traditional methods for resolving the atomic-scale dynamic structure of monolayer MoS_(2) in high-resolution transmission electron microscopy

High-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM)promises rapid atomic-scale dynamic structure imaging.Yet,the precision limitations of aberration parameters and the challenge of eliminating aberrations in Cs-corrected transmission electron microscopy constrain resolution.A machine learning algorithm is developed to determine the aberration parameters with higher precision from small,lattice-periodic crystal images.The proposed algorithm is then validated with simulated HRTEM images of graphene and applied to the experimental images of a molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2))monolayer with 25 variables(14 aberrations)resolved in wide ranges.Using these measured parameters,the phases of the exit-wave functions are reconstructed for each image in a focal series of MoS_(2)monolayers.The images were acquired due to the unexpected movement of the specimen holder.Four-dimensional data extraction reveals time-varying atomic structures and ripple.In particular,the atomic evolution of the sulfur-vacancy point and line defects,as well as the edge structure near the amorphous,is visualized as the resolution has been improved from about 1.75?to 0.9 A.This method can help salvage important transmission electron microscope images and is beneficial for the images obtained from electron microscopes with average stability.

重复经颅磁刺激对育龄期前庭性偏头痛伴位置性眩晕患者疗效分析

目的探讨重复经颅磁刺激(repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,rTMS)对育龄期前庭性偏头痛(vestibular migraine,VM)伴位置性眩晕的疗效。方法收集如皋市人民医院神经内科、耳鼻咽喉科门诊育龄期VM伴位置性眩晕患者57例,进行一般情况、量表评价。采用随机数字法分为rTMS组和对照组,所有患者均予以规范非甾体止痛药物、抗眩晕药物治疗,rTMS组给予低频(1 Hz)rTMS作用于枕叶。分别采用SRM-IV眩晕诊疗系统、眼震电图行位置试验、温度试验评估前庭功能,采用眩晕障碍量表(dizziness handicap inventory,DHI),头痛程度视觉模拟量表(VAS)以及头痛影响测评量表(headache impact test-6,HIT-6)对治疗前、治疗2周、治疗3个月疗效评估。结果育龄期VM伴位置性眩晕患者发病年龄23~49(38.72±7.93)岁,52.63%(30/57)患者以后半规管受累为主,33.33%(19/57)患者温度试验异常。组间比较,治疗2周时对照组情绪(DHI-E)优于rTMS组,治疗3个月时rTMS组VAS、HIT-6评分改善程度显著优于对照组(P<0.05),其余时间段VAS、HIT-6、DHI组间比较无统计学差异。组内比较,治疗2周、治疗3个月与治疗前比较,rTMS组和对照组VAS、HIT-6、DHI评分均有统计学差异;治疗3个月与治疗2周比较时,rTMS组除躯体(DHI-P)外其余各评价指标均有统计学差异,对照组仅HIT-6评分、DHI-P存在统计学差异。结论低频rTMS能有效改善VM伴位置性眩晕患者头痛症状,改善眩晕症状并不优于单纯口服药物,随治疗时间延长,rTMS对头痛及眩晕改善越明显。

Drilling-based measuring method for the c-φ parameter of rock and its field application

The technology of drilling tests makes it possible to obtain the strength parameter of rock accurately in situ. In this paper, a new rock cutting analysis model that considers the influence of the rock crushing zone(RCZ) is built. The formula for an ultimate cutting force is established based on the limit equilibrium principle. The relationship between digital drilling parameters(DDP) and the c-φ parameter(DDP-cφ formula, where c refers to the cohesion and φ refers to the internal friction angle) is derived, and the response of drilling parameters and cutting ratio to the strength parameters is analyzed. The drillingbased measuring method for the c-φ parameter of rock is constructed. The laboratory verification test is then completed, and the difference in results between the drilling test and the compression test is less than 6%. On this basis, in-situ rock drilling tests in a traffic tunnel and a coal mine roadway are carried out, and the strength parameters of the surrounding rock are effectively tested. The average difference ratio of the results is less than 11%, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method for obtaining the strength parameters based on digital drilling. This study provides methodological support for field testing of rock strength parameters.

A portable instrument for measurement of atmospheric O_(x) and NO_(2) based on cavity ring-down spectroscopy

Atmospheric O_(x)(nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))+ozone(O_(3)))can better reflect the local and regional change character-istics of oxidants compared to O_(3)alone,so obtaining O_(x)accurately and rapidly is the basis for evaluating the O_(3)production rate.Furthermore,O_(x)has proved to be a more representative indicator and can serve as a reflection of pollution prevention efficacy.A portable instrument for measuring atmospheric O_(x)and NO_(2)based on cavity ring-down spectroscopy(O_(x)/NO_(2)-CRDS)was developed in this work.The NO_(2)concentration is accurately mea-sured according to its absorption characteristic at 407.86 nm.Ambient O_(3)is converted into NO_(2)by chemical titration of high concentrations of nitrogen oxide(NO),and the O_(3)conversion efficiencies obtained are nearly 99%.The detection limit of the O_(x)/NO_(2)-CRDS system for O_(x)is 0.024 ppbv(0.1 s),and the overall uncertainty of the instrument is±6%.Moreover,the Kalman filtering technique was applied to improve the measurement accuracy of O_(x)/NO_(2)-CRDS.The system was applied in a comprehensive field observation campaign at Hefei Sci-ence Island from 26 to 30 September 2022,and the time concentration series and change characteristics of O_(x)and NO_(2)were obtained for five days.The measured O_(x)concentrations were compared with those of two com-mercial instruments,and the consistency was good(R^(2)=0.98),indicating that this system can be deployed to accurately and rapidly obtain the concentrations of atmospheric O_(x)and NO_(2).It will be a useful tool for assessing the atmospheric oxidation capacity and controlling O_(3)pollution.

Deterioration Reason and Improvement Measure of the Retarding Effect of Protein Retarder on Phosphorus Building Gypsum

The retarding effect of protein retarder on phosphorus building gypsum(PBG)and desulfurization building gypsum(DBG)was investigated,and the results show that protein retarder for DBG can effectively prolong the setting time and displays a better retarding effect,but for PBG shows a poor retarding effect.Furthermore,the deterioration reason of the retarding effect of protein retarder on PBG was investigated by measuring the pH value and the retarder concentration of the liquid phase from vacuum filtration of PBG slurry at different hydration time,and the measure to improve the retarding effect of protein retarding on PBG was suggested.The pH value of PBG slurry(<5.0)is lower than that of DBG slurry(7.8-8.5).After hydration for 5 min,the concentration of retarder in liquid phase of DBG slurry gradually decreases,but in liquid phase of PBG slurry continually increases,which results in the worse retarding effect of protein retarder on PBG.The liquid phase pH value of PBG slurry can be adjusted higher by sodium silicate,which is beneficial to improvement in the retarding effect of the retarder.By adding 1.0%of sodium silicate,the initial setting time of PBG was efficiently prolonged from 17 to 210 min,but little effect on the absolute dry flexural strength was observed.

Early warning method for thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries under thermal abuse condition based on online electrochemical impedance monitoring

Early warning of thermal runaway(TR)of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)is a significant challenge in current application scenarios.Timely and effective TR early warning technology is urgently required considering the current fire safety situation of LIBs.In this work,we report an early warning method of TR with online electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)monitoring,which overcomes the shortcomings of warning methods based on traditional signals such as temperature,gas,and pressure with obvious delay and high cost.With in-situ data acquisition through accelerating rate calorimeter(ARC)-EIS test,the crucial features of TR were extracted using the RReliefF algorithm.TR mechanisms corresponding to the features at specific frequencies were analyzed.Finally,a three-level warning strategy for single battery,series module,and parallel module was formulated,which can successfully send out an early warning signal ahead of the self-heating temperature of battery under thermal abuse condition.The technology can provide a reliable basis for the timely intervention of battery thermal management and fire protection systems and is expected to be applied to electric vehicles and energy storage devices to realize early warning and improve battery safety.

Design and assembly of a nested imaging X-ray telescope for the Hot Universe Baryon Surveyor mission

The Hot Universe Baryon Surveyor (HUBS) mission will carry a nested X-ray telescope capable of observing an energy range from 0.5 keV to 2 keV to study hot baryon evolution. In this paper, we report the latest progress in the design and construction of nested X-ray telescopes which were designed to use a three-stage conic-approximation type assembly to simplify the manufacturing process. The mirror substrate is made using the thermal glass slumping method, with mirrors characterized by a root-mean-square roughness of 0.3 nm, with expected high reflectivity and good thermal stability. We also discuss methods of telescope construction and conduct a deformation analysis of the manufactured mirror. The in situ measurement system program is developed to guide the telescope assembly process.