Research and Review on the Development of Mechanical and Electrical Integration of System Function Principle and Related Technologies

In this paper, we conduct research on the development of mechanical and electrical integration of system function principle and related technologies. Along with the rapid and continuous development of modem science and technology, it ＇ s for the penetration and cross of different subjects great push, the more important is caused by technological revolution in the field of engineering and mechanical engineering field under the rapid development of computer technology and microelectronic technology and penetration to the mechanical and electrical integration, which is formed by the mechanical industry lead to trigger a particularly large changes in the mechanical industry management system and mode of production, product and technical structure, composition and function, thus result in industrial production from the previous mechanical electrification progressively electromechanical integration which lead the trend of the current technology.

考虑电-氢一体化的微电网低碳-经济协同优化调度

针对微电网中缺乏对碳排放流特性的精确刻画,导致运行层面中微电网的低碳运行方式和经济运行方式之间矛盾凸显,低碳和经济难以兼顾的问题,构建了计及绿电制氢和多能耦合的电-氢一体化运行框架,提出了综合考虑碳排放流和低碳需求响应的微电网低碳-经济协同双层优化调度模型。上层优化调度模型中,以风光储氢一体化工业园区为典型微电网场景,以低碳性和经济性协调最优为目标,将源侧碳交易机制融入调度决策目标中,充分挖掘微电网低碳-经济协同运行方式,以此制定微电网最优低碳经济调度策略;下层低碳需求响应模型中,以微电网用户碳减排所节约的碳排放成本为激励信号,通过建立微电网能量流与碳排放流的映射关系,实现碳排放责任的转移和分摊以及对微电网运行中的碳排放特性精细化评估,进而建立由负荷碳排放强度时空差异性引导用户参与碳减排策略的低碳需求响应(demond response,DR)模型,深入挖掘微电网源-荷间的低碳性和经济性间的协同性。以某工业园区微电网为例,验证了所提模型能有效兼顾系统的低碳性和经济性。

Determination of rock mass integrity coefficient using a non-invasive geophysical approach

Determination of rock mechanical parameters is the most important step in rock mass quality evaluation and has significant impacts on geotechnical engineering practice.Rock mass integrity coefficient(KV)is one of the most efficient parameters,which is conventionally determined from boreholes.Such approaches,however,are time-consuming and expensive,offer low data coverage of point measurements,require heavy equipment,and are hardly conducted in steep topographic sites.Hence,borehole approaches cannot assess the subsurface thoroughly for rock mass quality evaluation.Alternatively,use of geophysical methods is non-invasive,rapid and economical.The proposed geophysical approach makes useful empirical correlation between geophysical and geotechnical parameters.We evaluated the rock mass quality via integration between KV measured from the limited boreholes and inverted resistivity obtained from electrical resistivity tomography(ERT).The borehole-ERT correlation provided KV along various geophysical profiles for more detailed 2D/3D(two-/three-dimensional)mapping of rock mass quality.The subsurface was thoroughly evaluated for rock masses with different engineering qualities,including highly weathered rock,semi-weathered rock,and fresh rock.Furthermore,ERT was integrated with induced polarization(IP)to resolve the uncertainty caused by water/clay content.Our results show that the proposed method,compared with the conventional approaches,can reduce the ambiguities caused by inadequate data,and give more accurate insights into the subsurface for rock mass quality evaluation.

Mechanical Integrity and Failure Analysis of Photovoltaic Modules under Simulated Snow Loads Using Pneumatic Airbag Setup

Photovoltaic (PV) modules have emerged as an ideal technology of choice for harvesting vastly available renewable energy resources. However, the efficiency of PV modules remains significantly lower than that of other renewable energy sources such as wind and hydro. One of the critical elements affecting a photovoltaic module’s efficiency is the variety of external climatic conditions under which it is installed. In this work, the effect of simulated snow loads was evaluated on the performance of PV modules with different types of cells and numbers of busbars. According to ASTM-1830 and IEC-1215 standards, a load of 5400 Pa was applied to the surface of PV modules for 3 hours. An indigenously developed pneumatic airbag test setup was used for the uniform application of this load throughout the test, which was validated by load cell and pressure gauge. Electroluminescence (EL) imaging and solar flash tests were performed before and after the application of load to characterize the performance and effect of load on PV modules. Based on these tests, the maximum power output, efficiency, fill factor and series resistance were determined. The results show that polycrystalline modules are the most likely to withstand the snow loads as compared to monocrystalline PV modules. A maximum drop of 32.13% in the power output and a 17.6% increase in series resistance were observed in the modules having more cracks. These findings demonstrated the efficacy of the newly established test setup and the potential of snow loads for reducing the overall performance of PV module.

面向含氢综合能源系统的电-碳-氢耦合交易市场研究综述

在我国“双碳”目标愿景下,电-碳-氢耦合交易市场正通过市场机制优化能源配置,加速能源转型,但含氢综合能源系统的兴盛给多能耦合交易市场的发展带来了新的挑战。介绍了含氢综合能源系统的基本结构,并在电-碳、电-氢交易市场研究的基础上分析了电-碳-氢耦合交易机制,深入探究了面向含氢综合能源系统的电-碳-氢耦合交易市场机制。分别从市场的交易标的物、交易对象、交易价格角度进行了阐述,并归纳分析了目前实现市场均衡的能源定价策略与市场出清机制。最后总结了电-碳-氢交易市场与含氢综合能源系统发展面临的挑战,并对后续的研究方向进行了展望。

基于需求侧用户响应分析的电-气-热综合能源系统低碳经济调度

在低碳经济的背景下,为充分发挥供需双侧的互动潜力,提出一种考虑综合需求响应(IDR)和碳交易的电-气-热综合能源系统(EGH-IES)双层低碳经济调度模型。首先,提出考虑多能负荷自身特性、耦合特性和反弹效应的IDR模型和用户权衡经济效益、响应方式和用能偏好的综合效益模型。基于此,建立上层模型为引入奖惩阶梯型碳交易机制的EGHIES低碳经济调度,下层模型为IDR策略的双层优化调度模型。然后,通过Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT)条件、对偶定理和线性化方法将双层模型转换为混合整数线性规划问题进行求解。最后,算例分析表明,综合考虑碳交易和多元负荷特性能促进供需双侧的联合优化,充分发挥EGH-IES的经济低碳性。

基于SolidWorks Electrical的机电一体化教学研究

现阶段高校在进行机电一体化课程建设时,往往理论知识较多,而实践机会较少,因此在学习机电一体化课程时,往往出现学生难以理解,导致学生的设计作品往往都因为经验不足而不理想,通过引入solid electrical系列软件,在虚拟三维空间中对机电一体化设备进行设计并加以改进,可以大大的缩短设计周期以及降低设计成本,而且还能够有效的提高产品设计的成功率。

计及电-气-热-氢需求响应的综合能源系统多时间尺度低碳运行优化策略

为更好地促进综合能源系统(IES)的低碳经济运行,提升多时间尺度运行优化管理水平,提出了一种考虑电-气-热-氢需求响应与阶梯式碳排放费用机制的多时间尺度低碳运行优化策略。综合考虑阶梯式碳排放费用机制,关注电、气、热之外的氢负荷需求,通过优化耦合设备中的燃气轮机热电比的可调性,建立了日前-日内滚动-实时三阶段的多时间尺度优化模型。以IES整体运行成本、碳排放费用成本、弃风弃光成本最小为经济目标,并将原非线性问题转化为混合整数线性问题,调用Gurobi求解器求解。通过仿真对比分析各类情形下的优化结果,验证了所提策略在促进低碳运行、发挥系统设备灵活性与促进清洁能源消纳方面的有效性。

Effect of aging in an electric field on microstructures and properties of 1420 Al-Li alloy

After solution treatment, the 1420 Al-Li alloy samples were aged at different temperatures in an electric field with different intensity. The measurements made showed that the electric field increased the strength of the 1420 Al-Li alloy, and best properties were obtained when they were aged at 120 ℃ with E=4 kV/cm for 12 hrs. The electric field promoted the nucleation of δ′ phase, increased the quantity of the δ′ phase, and made the size of the δ′ phase particles smaller. The electric field restrained the formation and growth of PFZ, and increased the intensity of the electric field while the width of the PFZ was decreased.

Thermoelectric properties of Sr_(0.61)Ba_(0.39)Nb_2O_(6-δ) ceramics in different oxygen-reduction conditions

The thermoelectric properties of Sr0.61Ba0.39Nb2O6-δ ceramics, reduced in different conditions, are investigated in the temperature range from 323 K to 1073 K. The electrical transport behaviors of the samples are dominated by the thermal-activated polaron hopping in the low temperature range, the Fermi glass behavior in the middle temperature range, and the Anderson localized behavior in the high temperature range. The thermal conductivity presents a plateau at high- temperatures, indicating a glass-like thermal conduction behavior. Both the thermoelectric power factor and the thermal conductivity increase with the increase of the degree of oxygen-reduction. Taking these two factors into account, the oxygen-reduction can still contribute to promoting the thermoelectric figure of merit. The highest ZT value is obtained to be -0.19 at 1073 K in the heaviest oxygen reduced sample.

Diversity, Cohesion and the Development of the European Integration

The European Union （EU） this year has entered into the next phase of its existence, not only in terms of new economic conditions of the unwinding of the financial and economic crisis, but also on the basis of the results of European Parliament elections and the adoption of the EU financial fi＇amework for the period from 2014 to 2020. These indisputable facts does not change our view of the situation in which the EU is, or at major tasks whose managing can be considered as condition of its continued existence as an important part of the global economy. As the fundamental problem of the EU, persisting differences in economic level of the member states is considered. The aim of this paper is not to formulate and even to propose how the EU should look like in the future, but to assess criteria of decision making about concept of its future direction. In this context, the verification of argument will be performed, that only the integration of the countries that have common interests and objectives respectively are able to make the same efforts to meet them, is in certain stages of integration possible and functional. Conversely, a broader territorial structured integration of countries with significantly different economic parameters is feasible and functional only at lower stages of integration. This paper starts from that the process of economic convergence among member states as a condition for integration can be realized at the lower stage of the integration process, in terms of economic and monetary union, then only the expense of reducing the dynamics of economic development of integration group as a whole. Some degree of equilibrium of economic levels represents an important condition for the success of the integration project. To meet this goal, current differences in economic level of individual EU member states （comparative analysis using indicators of growth rate and development of GDP/capita） will be analyzed, including the assessment of the cost of the EU for the implementation of cohesion policy, both in terms of the economic crisis and the phase of requirement to the revival of the European economy. In this context, also the effectiveness of institutional arrangements of decision-making procedures will be assessed.

一种光机电一体化增量式光电编码器设计

为解决现有轴柄式控制增量编码器损耗高、寿命短、抗振动能力差、可靠性低等问题,介绍一种光机电一体化的增量式光电编码器设计方案,包括32内花瓣轴套和可伸缩滚珠定位、Z型遮光盘设计和红外光敏OC开路输出电路等创新设计。通过精密结构设计和材料选择,实现了高精度32档位电信号转换。采用三维建模和有限元分析进行了结构可靠性验证。通过与国外同类产品的技术指标对比,验证数据和所达到的环境适应能力。本研究在性能、结构和成本等方面皆有优势,应用前景广阔。

考虑分布式资源交易的气电综合能源配网系统出清模型

随着分布式能源设备大量接入配电网并逐步参与分布式交易,配电网运行向着分布式、互动化的方向发展而呈现出更灵活多变的趋势。近年来,综合能源系统快速发展,配网层面电力系统和天然气系统耦合程度日益加深,独立运行模式已无法满足边界匹配要求。文中设计了考虑分布式资源参与的配电网集中交易市场模式,对分布式光伏、分布式储能、电动汽车等建立了交易模型。进而,构建了考虑分布式资源交易的气电综合能源配网系统联合出清模型,采用二阶锥松弛法及泰勒级数展开对配电网潮流约束和配气网潮流约束进行线性化处理,通过配电网节点电价和配气网分时气价反映气电联合系统价格信号。最后,基于改进的气电联合系统对文中所提市场机制模型的有效性进行了验证。

计及动态能源价格和共享储能电站的多主体综合能源系统双层优化调度策略

可再生能源不确定性背景下,为协调综合能源运营商、电热负荷聚集商及共享储能电站之间的利益关系,提出一种电热综合动态定价机制,基于综合需求响应特性,引导电热负荷聚集商参与综合能源系统运营商优化,促进储能高效应用和新能源就地消纳,实现多利益主体互利共赢。以综合能源系统运营商为主体,以电热负荷聚集商和共享储能运营商为从体,构建一主多从的综合能源多运营主体系统优化模型。充分挖掘共享储能运营商的运行模式,包括充电、放电和提供备用等模式。采用CPLEX对主从博弈模型迭代求解,算例结果验证了模型及方法的有效性。

综合能源系统低碳规划与运行研究述评

为提高综合能源系统(integrated energy system, IES)低碳规划及优化运行的技术水平,推进能源结构低碳转型及新型电力系统建设,梳理和总结研究学者在IES的模型构建、系统规划、运行调度等方面的研究成果,该文开展了相关领域的综述研究。首先,阐述了综合能源系统的典型架构、典型设备及其能流特性。其次,针对IES低碳规划和运行策略及其相关支撑技术,分别论述了多态不确定性模型及功率预测、柔性负荷调控策略、IES参与电力辅助服务及其低碳运营机制、优化模型及其求解算法等方面的技术路线及研究成果;研究表明,规划与运行策略是支撑IES低碳、高效、经济运行水平的关键技术,计及不确定性的高维、非线性、多目标、非凸问题的精确建模和快速求解等难点问题亟待深入研究。最后,展望了人工智能、大数据、电力物联网等新技术在IES低碳规划和运行方面的应用前景,归纳了该领域亟待应对的技术挑战和关键问题。

建筑机电一体化电气设计要点实践

根据浙江省工程建设标准DB33/1092-2021《绿色建筑设计标准》对20000 m^(2)以上的公共建筑要求做集中控制的建筑设备管理系统和GB51348-2019《民用建筑电气设计标准》对建筑设备一体化监控系统的要求,以某超高层建筑的机电一体化电气设计实践为例,从强弱电设计界面、电气设计范围及设计深度等方面,详细阐述建筑设备一体化监控系统的电气设计要点。

BIM技术在机电管综施工的应用及问题探究

BIM技术在机电管综施工图的应用中需重点注意工序的管控与配合。因此建立了一种管控框架,框架中主要从支吊架施工、管道设备的标注、施工平面图技术交底、模拟管道碰撞、计算施工用料五个BIM技术在机电管综应用展开探讨,指出需要管控的要点问题及方法,以提高BIM技术在智能施工阶段的应用价值。

YZB-S型柱塞式液压泵综合试验台的设计与实现

YZB-S型柱塞式液压泵综合试验台是根据用户需求在借鉴国内外新产品、新技术和新工艺的基础上而设计的。设计注重试验项目的工况建立、试验参数采集、处理、标定、校正等内容,并对关键参数进行闭环控制及实时监控。该试验台是机电液一体的自动(一键式操作模式)兼手动试验设备。

创客教育在机电专业的跨学科整合与实践

创客教育是一种以动手实践、创新和个性化学习为核心的教育方法,鼓励学生通过实际制作和试验来掌握知识和技能,对于培养学生的创造力、解决问题能力和适应未来技术挑战的能力至关重要。通过分析目前机电专业教学存在的问题,提出创客教育的机电专业教学改革方案与实施过程,并对试验效果进行分析,结果表明,基于创客教育的实验班级学生可以增强对知识点的理解、掌握与应用,提高了创新思维和团队协作能力。验证了创客教育模式在提高学生综合实践能力和适应未来工作需求方面的显著作用,同时可以为机电专业教育提供新的视角和实践路径。

计及电动汽车共享储能特性的园区柔性资源低碳运行控制方法

在“双碳”背景下,园区作为节能降碳的主力军,需进一步降低碳排放量,提高能源利用效率。提出了一种计及电动汽车共享储能特性的园区低碳运行控制模型。首先,引入阶梯式碳交易机制,计算节点动态碳排放因子,并将电动汽车减排量纳入碳配额;然后,在源侧引入地源热泵,通过电-热转换,满足园区热负荷需求;在荷侧,考虑电动汽车共享储能特性,建立电动汽车共享储能模型;最后,考虑碳交易成本、购电成本、响应补贴成本等,以运行成本最小为目标建立园区低碳运行优化模型,并采用优化软件CPLEX进行求解。仿真结果表明:考虑电动汽车共享储能特性并采用改进阶梯式碳交易机制,能够有效降低园区运行成本,减少园区碳排放,验证了所提算法的经济性和低碳性。