Mechanism research of gas and coal dust explosion

Combined with the experimental results from the large tunnel of the ChongqingResearch Institute,the mechanism of gas and coal dust explosion was studied.Someconcepts about gas and coal dust explosion were introduced such as the form conditionand influential factors.Gas and coal dust explosion propagation was researched and thelifting process of coal dust was simulated.When an explosion occurred due to great mixtureof gas and air,the maximum explosion pressure appeared in the neighborhood of theexplosion source point.Before it propagated to the tunnel of the deposited coal dust,themaximum explosion pressure appeared to be in declining trend.Part of the energy waslost in the process of raising the deposited coal dust through a shock wave,so the maximumexplosion pressure was smallest on the foreside of the deposited coal dust sector.On the deposited coal dust sector,the explosion pressure rapidly increased and droppedoff after achieving the largest peak value.Because of coal dust participation in the explosion,the flame velocity rose rapidly on the deposited coal dust and achieved a basic stablevalue;coal dust was ignited to explode by initial laminar flame,and the laminar flametransformed into turbulent flame.The turbulence transformed the flame fold into a funnelshape and the shock wave interacted with the flame,so the combustion rate rose and thepressure wave was further enhanced.The regeneration mechanism between the flamecombustion rate and the aerodynamic flowing structure achieved the final critical state forforming the detonation.

Mechanism Research on the Function of Electric Warmed Needle

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A Review of Aftershock Mechanism Research

In this paper,research of aftershock mechanisms is reviewed,including heterogeneity of medium and stress,mechanical loading,fluid intrusion and stress corrosion,and ratestate dependence.Previous studies have indicated that the heterogeneity of media and stress is the basic premise of aftershocks generated.From the point view of mechanics,transient creep and afterslip can explain the decay of aftershocks in a short time after a mainshock and the relaxation of stress tends to interpret the characteristics of long-term aftershocks.Fluid intrusion and stress corrosion control the evolution process of the aftershocks under certain conditions.The interaction between the faults perturbed by the mainshock always exists during the aftershock activities.All kinds of models and the theories want to comply with the two basic power-law relationships---the G-R law and Omori law to some extent.

MOF-related electrocatalysts for sulfur reduction/evolution reactions:Composition modulation,structure design,and mechanism research

The electrocatalytic sulfur reduction reaction(SRR)and sulfur evolution reaction(SER),two fundamental multistep conversion processes in lithium–sulfur batteries(LSBs),are root-cause solutions to overcome sluggish redox kinetics and the polysulfide shuttling effect.Metal–organic framework(MOF)electrocatalysts have emerged as good platforms for catalyzing SRR and SER,but their catalytic performance is challenged by poor electrical conductivity and limited chemical stability.Functionalized MOFs and their hybrids may be beneficial for stabilizing and improving the desired catalytic properties to achieve high-performance LSBs.This review provides a detailed overview of engineering principles for improving the activity,selectivity,and stability of MOFrelated electrocatalysts via composition modulation and nanostructure design as well as hybrid assembly.It presents and discusses the various advances achieved by using in situ characterization techniques,simulations,and theoretical calculations to reveal the dynamic evolution of MOF-related electrocatalysts,enabling an in-depth understanding of the catalysis mechanism at the molecular/atomic level.Lastly,prospects and possible research directions for MOF-related sulfur electrocatalysts are proposed.

How do high-voltage cathode and PEO electrolyte get along well?EIS analysis mechanism&potentiometric control strategy

PEO-based all-solid-state electrolytes are extensively utilized and researched owing to their exceptional safety,low-mass-density,and cost-effectiveness.However,the low oxidation potential of PEO makes the interface problem with the high-voltage cathode extremely severe.In this work,the impedance of PEO-based all-solid-state batteries with high-voltage cathode(NCM811)was studied at different potentials.The Nyquist plots displayed a gyrate arc at low-frequencies for NCM811/PEO interface.Based on the kinetic modeling,it was deduced that there is a decomposition reaction of PEO-matrix in addition to de-embedded reaction of NCM811,and the PEO intermediate product(dehydra-PEO)adsorbed on the electrode surface leading to low-frequency inductive arcs.Furthermore,the distribution of relaxation time shows the dehydra-PEO results in the kinetic tardiness of the charge transfer process in the temporal dimension.Hence,an artificial interface layer(CEI_(x))was modified on the surface of NCM811 to regulate the potential of cathode/electrolyte interface to prevent the high-voltage deterioration of PEO.NCM/CEI_(x)/PEO batteries exhibit capacity retentions of 96.0%,84.6%,and 76.8%after undergoing 100 cycles at cut-off voltages of 4.1,4.2,and 4.3 V,respectively.Therefore,here the failure mechanism of high-voltage PEO electrolyte is investigated by EIS and a proposed solving strategy is presented.

Exploring the molecular mechanism of Baoyuan decoction in the treatment of lung cancer based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

Background:Baoyuan decoction is used clinically as an adjuvant treatment for lung cancer.However,the underlying mechanism remains unclear.Therefore,this study aimed to explore the mechanism of action of Baoyuan decoction in lung cancer treatment using network pharmacology and molecular docking technology.Methods:The Traditional Chinese Medicines Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform and SwissTargetPrediction databases were used to screen the active ingredients of Baoyuan decoction and their relevant targets.Lung cancer-related targets were obtained from the GeneCards,Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man,and DrugBank databases.Protein-protein interaction network of the common targets was constructed using the STRING database and analyzed using Cytoscape software 3.10.1.Furthermore,Gene Ontology enrichment,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses and visualization of common genes were performed using the R software.Finally,molecular docking of the selected key ingredients and targets was performed,and the results were verified using AutoDock Vina software.Results:We identified 142 potential active ingredients,3624 potential lung cancer-related targets,and 341 common drug targets.A total of 72 core targets were identified,of which AKT1,TP53,interleukin-6,epithelial growth factor receptor,and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 were key.A total of 4116 items were obtained via Gene Ontology enrichment analyses.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses revealed 189 related signaling pathways,including the PI3K-Akt,AGE-RAGE signaling pathways in diabetic complications,FOXO,and TH signaling pathways,which are involved in cell proliferation,autophagy,metastasis,invasion,radiation resistance,and chemotherapy resistance in the lung cancer microenvironment.The molecular docking results suggested that the key ingredients had a strong affinity for key targets.Conclusion:This study demonstrates that Baoyuan decoction plays a key therapeutic role in a complex manner involving multiple ingredients,targets,and pathways in lung cancer.Our findings are anticipated to provide new ideas for follow-up experimental research and clinical application.

Performance and Mechanism Research of Au-HSTiO2 on Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production

In this paper,we report our attempts to raise the efficiency of liquid reduction method when using high specific surface area TiO2(HSTiO2)by doping Au.Characterization of Au-HSTiO2 was conducted via XRD,UV-vis,SEM,and photocurrent intensity.The experimental results show that Au-HSTiO2 exhibits prominently higher photocatalytic hydrogen production than TiO2 and HSTiO2.Enhanced photosynthetic hydrogen production ability of Au-HSTiO2 should be attributed to the presence of abundant surface active sites of HSTiO2,remarkably extending electronic holes in Au doping.This study provides a promising photosynthetic material for hydrogen production.

The application of label-free imaging technologies in transdermal research for deeper mechanism revealing

The penetration behavior of topical substances in the skin not only relates to the transdermal delivery efficiency but also involves the safety and therapeutic effect of topical products,such as sunscreen and hair growth products.Researchers have tried to illustrate the transdermal process with diversified theories and technologies.Directly observing the distribution of topical substances on skin by characteristic imaging is the most convincing approach.Unfortunately,fluorescence labeling imaging,which is commonly used in biochemical research,is limited for transdermal research for most topical substances with a molecular mass less than 500 Da.Label-free imaging technologies possess the advantages of not requiring any macromolecular dyes,no tissue destruction and an extensive substance detection capability,which has enabled rapid development of such technologies in recent years and their introduction to biological tissue analysis,such as skin samples.Through the specific identification of topical substances and endogenous tissue components,label-free imaging technologies can provide abundant tissue distribution information,enrich theoretical and practical guidance for transdermal drug delivery systems.In this review,we expound the mechanisms and applications of the most popular label-free imaging technologies in transdermal research at present,compare their advantages and disadvantages,and forecast development prospects.

A review of the microseismic focal mechanism research

Reservoir reconstructions implemented in unconventional oil and gas exploration usually adopt hydraulic fracturing techniques to inject high-pressure fluid into the reservoir and change its pore-fracture connection structure to enhance production.Hydraulic fracturing changes the reservoir stress and causes the rocks to crack,thus generating microseismic events.One important component of microseismic research is the source mechanism inversion.Through the research on the microseismic focal mechanism,information on the source mechanisms and in-situ stress status variations can be quantitatively revealed to effectively optimize the reservoir reconstruction design for increasing production.This paper reviews the recent progress in hydraulic fracturing induced microseismic focal mechanism research.We summarize their main principles and provide a detailed introduction of the research advances in source modeling,microseismic data synthesis,and focal mechanism inversion.We also discuss the challenges and limitations in the current microseismic focal mechanism research and propose prospects for future research ideas and directions.

Effect of Fuzheng Kang'ai recipe combined with gefitinib on lung cancer A549 cells and its mechanism research

Objective To observe the effect of Fuzheng Kang’ai Recipe(FKR)combined with gefitinib on the proliferation and apoptosis of lung cancer A549 cells,and to study its potential synergistic mechanish with gefitinib.Methods The effects of FKR(0.211,0.316,0.474,0.711,1.067,1.600,2.400,3.600 mg/mL)combined with

An overview of the mechanism of acupuncture and moxibustion in treating depression comorbidities insomnia

Depression and insomnia have become a frequent disease in the clinic.Clinically,depression and insomnia occur synchronously.Most researchers believe acupuncture treats insomnia and depression comorbidity through mechanisms such as inflammation theory,HPA axis theory,neurotransmitter theory,nervous system structure theory,immunoregulation theory,etc.Acupuncture has a clear effect on depression and insomnia comorbidity,and is two-way,specific,and integral.Therefore,a summary on the mechanism of using acupuncture to treat depression and insomnia comorbidity is made,to provide reference for future clinical application and laboratory research.

Research on Resonance Mechanism of Arc-ultrasonic

As a transmission medium, welding arc can be modulated to emit ultrasonic energy by exerting high-frequency electric current. The frequency of exciting electric current has notable influence on the signals recorded by the sensors and the metallographic structures of the welds. The resonance phenomenon of arc-uitrasonic has been found in the experiment. Both the resonance mechanism and the distribution of resonance frequency are discussed by the bui|t vibration equation.

ADVANCES OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION FOR TREATMENT OF WOMEN'S CLIMACTERIC SYNDROME

To introduce the advances of experimental research on acupuncture and moxibustion for treatment of Women＇s Climacteric Syndrome.The recent years experimental research literature of acupuncture and moxibustion for treatment of Women＇s Climacteric Syndrome were reviewed.The research literatures on acupuncture treatment were major,focusing on the field of acupuncture and moxibustion regulating hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis and nerval-endocritic-immune net.Acupuncture and moxibustion could regulate the endocrine environment of menopausal women.Taking advantage of combination biomedicine with multi-sciences,to improve the acupuncture and moxibustion curative effct and probe the mechanism of menopausal pathology and acupuncture and moxibustion function to Women＇s Climacteric Syndrome,is the research direction afterward.

Preparation of High Impermeable and Crack-resistance Chemical Admixture and Its Mechanism

A kind of high impermeable and crack-resistance chemical admixture ( HICRCA) was prepared , which is a compound chemical admixture composed of an expansion ingredient, density ingredient, and organic hydrophobic poreblocking ingredient. The results of the experiments indicate that the addition of HICRCA improves mortar and concrete in the following performances: (1) perfect workability: slump is more than 22cm, theslump afar 3h is about 16cm; (2) high impermeability:for the mortar, the pervious height under a water pressure of 1.5MPa is 1.5cm,for the concrete, the pervious height under a water pressure of 5.0MPa is 2. 2cm;(3) high crack-resistance: there is a micro-expansion at the age of 90d; (4) high compressivestrength: compared with the controlled concrete, the compressive strengths at the age of 3d and 2Sd are improved by 66.4% and 62.0% , respectively. At the same time, the effects of different curing condition on mortar and concrete expansive andshrinkage performance were studied. In addition, the impermeable and crack-resistance mechanism, was investigatedin the present paper.

Prediction of the mechanism of berberine in the prevention and treatment of colorectal adenoma cancerizat based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology

To predict the potential mechanism of prevention and treatment of colorectal adenoma canceration by berberine and the docking of main key targets by computer virtual method.Methods:The related targets of berberine,colorectal adenoma and colorectal cancer were collected in various databases;the key targets were obtained by intersection;the protein protein interaction network and 6 kinds of enrichment analysis of key potential targets were completed by corresponding databases;the main key targets and berberine molecules were obtained for molecular docking.Results:There were 319 unique targets for berberine,3,279 for intestinal adenoma and 4,119 for colorectal cancer.The protein protein interaction network of key target involved 66 proteins.In the results of Gene Ontology enrichment,28 items related to biological process,28 items related to cell composition,30 items related to molecular function,26 items related to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment,35 items related to TargetScan microRNA,15 items related to Human Phenotype Ontology.TP53 and CYCS are the 2 key targets involved in the system enrichment.After docking,berberine was closely bound to theα-helix and β-fold of TP53 protein,and to theα-helix of CYCS protein.Conclusion:The potential mechanism of berberine in the prevention and treatment of colorectal adenoma canceration may be related to the regulation of cell apoptosis,metabolic pathways and biological activities of various enzymes.berberine,as a small molecular ligand,has the characteristics of multi-target,multi-channel and multi-system mechanism.In the prediction results,berberine,as a small molecular ligand,can closely bind with the main key targets related to colorectal adenoma canceration.

Possible mechanism of 15D-PGJ2 in promoting periodontal tissue regeneration in patients with mandibular defects

Objective:To explore the main physiological mechanism of 15d-PGJ2 promoting periodontal tissue regeneration in patients with jaw defects caused by periodontal disease.Methods:From February 2016 to July 2019,a controlled study was conducted on 73 healthy residents(healthy group)and 73 patients(case group)with periodontal disease combined with jaw defects in Changsha medical university.T test was used to compare the growth factors of gingival crevicular fluid between the two groups.Peripheral blood cells;Cement-specific protein;Peripheral blood enzyme;Statistical differences in bone metabolites.The t test method compared the content of each index before and after treatment(15d-PGJ2 was treated at a dose of 200 mu/kg for 14 days).The method of factor analysis explores the internal correlation of each index.Result:RANKL,ICAM-1,TGF-β1,Th17,Treg,PDLSCs,SOST,CAP,HMGB1,CTSK,5-LOX,COX-2,NTX were higher in the case group than in the healthy group.In the case group,RANKL,ICAM-1,TGF-β1,Th17,Treg,PDLSCs,SOST,CAP,HMGB1,CTSK,5-LOX,COX-2,NTX were lower than those in the healthy group.The differences between the groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).Compared with before treatment,IL-1β,IL-17,Bfgf,YKL-40,BMP-2,ICTP,PICP,CTX were significantly decreased after treatment.RANKL,ICAM-1,TGF-β1,Th17,Treg,PDLSCs,SOST,CAP,HMGB1,CTSK,5-LOX,COX-2,NTX were significantly increased.The differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Factor analysis shows that four common factors can be extracted from 21 indicators,and the cumulative contribution rate is 96.993%.Conclusions:The treatment of 15d-PGJ2 in patients with periodontal disease with maxillary defects can significantly affect the expression of multiple characteristic indicators,which may involve four mechanisms:dysregulation of cell differentiation or migration,local inflammation or immune imbalance,destruction of alveolar bone microstructure,load or stimulation,and remodeling.The specific pathway related to this is still to be further explored.

Mechanism of cuscuta-medlar treating male infertility based on network pharmacological method

Objective:To predict couplet medicinals Cuscuta-Medlar(CM)in treat male infertility and analyze their potential mechanisms by the network pharmacology method.Method:TCMSP,BATMAN and literature were used to obtain components of CM,and male infertility targets were predicted by OMIM and GeneCards databases.Cytoscape software was used to construct the"component-target-disease"network.The STRING web site was used for the analysis of Protein-to-protein interaction(PPI)data between compounds and disease.DAVID 6.8 was carried on GO analysis and KEGG pathway analysis.Result:A total of 52 active ingredients and 242 potential targets of CM were obtained,with 7661 male infertility related genes retrieved from disease database.Then 113 common targets were obtained.Biological processes were related to enzyme binding,signaling receptor binding and molecular function regulator.The biological pathways mainly included TNF signaling pathway,apoptosis-related signaling pathway,PI3K/AKT signaling pathway,FoxO signaling pathway,Thyroid hormone signaling pathway and toll-like receptor signaling pathway.Conclusion:CM may treat male infertility by inhibiting inflammation,inhibiting apoptosis and promoting spermatogenesis.

Mechanism of"Radix clematidis-impatientis semen"in the treatment of esophageal cancer based on network pharmacology

Objective:To explore the mechanism of“Radix clematidis-Impatientis semen”in the treatment of esophageal cancer based on network pharmacology.Methods:The active components of Radix clematidis and Impatientis semen were searched and selected through the TCMSP database,and supplemented with the literature,the targets of active components were predicted by Swiss Target Prediction platform.The main targets of esophageal cancer were obtained by Genecards,TTD and DisGeNet databases,and the key targets of“Radix clematidis-Impatientis semen”for the treatment of esophageal cancer were obtained by using Venn diagram analysis.The"drug-active ingredient-disease-target"network of“Radix clematidis-Impatientis semen”in the treatment of esophageal cancer was constructed with the help of Cytoscape3.7.2,and the key target PPI network was constructed by using STRING platform and Cytoscape software to find the core target.Metascape platform was used for GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of key targets,and the network diagram of"active componenttarget-pathway"was drawn.Results:There were 17 active components such as quercetin,kaempferol,3-epioleanolic acid and oleanolic acid in“Radix clematidis-Impatientis semen”,corresponding to 379 drug targets.178targets were obtained by mapping with 2396 disease targets of esophageal cancer,including PIK3CA,PIK3R1,SRC,MAPK1,MAPK3 and so on.KEGG enrichment analysis mainly involved PI3K-Akt,Rap1,Ras,VEGF signaling pathways,etc.Conclusion:This study preliminarily discusses the potential mechanism of“Radix clematidis-Impatientis semen”in the treatment of esophageal cancer,which provides a basis and new thought for further experimental research.

Network pharmacology-based elucidation of molecular biological mechanisms of Qizhu Yuling Decoction for treatment of esophagus cancer

Objective:To investigate the active compounds,key targets and molecular mechanism of Qizhu Yuling Decoction in the treatment of esophageal carcinoma based on network pharmacology.Methods:The active compounds of Qizhu Yuling Decoction with anti-esophageal cancer activity were screened by TCMSP and literature search,and the drug targets were searched by DrugBank and predicted by SwissTargetPrediction.The esophageal cancer-related genes were obtained from GeneCards,OMIM,DrugBank,TTD,DisGeNET,and the intersection network was selected to obtain candidate genes.The"herb-compound-target-disease"network was constructed with Cytoscape,the PPI network was constructed in STRING and core network modules were screened.Gene ontology and KEGG enrichment analysis was performed by using Metascape,and the"pathway-gene"network was constructed to further screen key targets.Results:A total of 47 active compounds(19 Astragalus,4 Zedoary turmeric,11 Atractylodes macrocephala,9 Curcuma longa,5 Clematis root,and 5 Salvia chinensis),297 candidate genes,2413 GO and 119 KEGG pathways were obtained.Conclusion:The active compounds of Qizhu Yuling Decoction in the treatment of esophageal cancer are quercetin,kaempferol,glycine and ursolic acid.The potential targets are AKT1,MAPK1,MAPK3,PIK3R1 and RELA.GO involves oxidative stress,cell cycle,apoptosis and cell death,and KEGG involves typical cancer pathways,MAPK,NF-κB and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways.This study reveals the molecular biological mechanism of Qizhu Yuling Decoction in the treatment of esophageal cancer,and speculates that the function of potential targets focuses on the interaction of multiple signaling pathways,which can antagonize the proliferation,invasion,metastasis and recurrence of esophageal cancer and improve the prognosis of patients.This study provides new evidence for subsequent new drug development,clinical application and experimental study.