With the progress of science and technology,China has gradually attached importance to research and exploration in chemistry,and the achievements in exploring mechanochemistry are also quite significant.Therefore,it i...With the progress of science and technology,China has gradually attached importance to research and exploration in chemistry,and the achievements in exploring mechanochemistry are also quite significant.Therefore,it is necessary to study and explore mechanochemistry.This article mainly discusses the application of mechanochemistry in powder and some silicate materials,as well as in special ceramics,and provides a brief introduction to provide reference for relevant researchers.展开更多
The vigorous development of two-dimensional(2D)materials brings about numerous opportunities for lithiumion batteries(LIBs)due to their unique 2D layered structure,large specific surface area,outstanding mechanical an...The vigorous development of two-dimensional(2D)materials brings about numerous opportunities for lithiumion batteries(LIBs)due to their unique 2D layered structure,large specific surface area,outstanding mechanical and flexibility properties,etc.Modern technologies for production of 2D materials include but are not limited to mechanochemical(solid-state/liquid-phase)exfoliation,the solvothermal method and chemical vapor deposition.In this review,strategies leading to the production of 2D materials via solid-state mechanochemistry featuring traditional high energy ball-milling and Sichuan University patented pan-milling are highlighted.The mechanism involving exfoliation,edge selective carbon radical generation of the 2D materials is delineated and this is followed by detailed discussion on representative mechanochemical techniques for tailored and improved lithium-ion storage performance.In the light of the advantages of the solid-state mechanochemical method,there is great promise for the commercialization of 2D materials for the next-generation high performance LIBs.展开更多
Manipulating the structure self-reconstruction of transition metal sulfide-based(pre)catalysts during the oxygen evolution reaction(OER) process is of great interest for developing cost-effective OER catalysts,which r...Manipulating the structure self-reconstruction of transition metal sulfide-based(pre)catalysts during the oxygen evolution reaction(OER) process is of great interest for developing cost-effective OER catalysts,which remains a central challenge. Here we realize a deep structure self-reconstruction of natural chalcopyrite to unlock its OER performance via mechanochemical activation. Compared with the manually milled counterpart(CuFeS_(2)-HM), the mechanically milled catalyst(CuFeS_(2)-BM) with a reduced crystallinity exhibits a 7.11 times higher OER activity at 1.53 V vs. RHE. In addition, the CuFeS_(2)-BM requires a low overpotential of 243 mV for generating 10 mA cm^(-2) and exhibits good stability over 24 h. Further investigations suggest that the excellent OER performance of CuFeS_(2)-BM mainly originates from the decreased crystallinity induced the in situ deep structure self-reconstruction of the originally sulfides into the electroactive and stable metal(oxy)hydroxide phase(e.g., a-Fe OOH) via S etching under OER conditions. This study demonstrates that regulating the crystallinity of catalysts is a promising design strategy for developing highly efficient OER catalysts via managing the structure self-reconstruction process, which can be further extended to the design of efficient catalysts for other advanced energy conversion devices. In addition, this study unveils the great potentials of engineering abundant natural minerals as cost-effective catalysts for diverse applications.展开更多
Integrins are a large family of adhesion molecules broadly expressed on the surface of a wide variety of cells as heterodimers.Binding of integrins to ligands provides anchorage and signals for the cell,making them pr...Integrins are a large family of adhesion molecules broadly expressed on the surface of a wide variety of cells as heterodimers.Binding of integrins to ligands provides anchorage and signals for the cell,making them prime candidates for mechanosensing molecules.To elucidate how force regulates integrin/ligand dissociation,we used molecular mechanics experiments展开更多
Mechanochemistry has been recognized as an efficient and sustainable methodology to provide a unique driven force and reaction environments under ambient and neat conditions for the construction of functionalized mate...Mechanochemistry has been recognized as an efficient and sustainable methodology to provide a unique driven force and reaction environments under ambient and neat conditions for the construction of functionalized materials possessing promising properties.Among them,highly porous conjugated scaffolds with attractive electronic conductivities and high surface areas are one of the representative categories exhibiting diverse taskspecific applications,especially in electrochemical energy storage.In recent years,the mechanochemistry-driven procedures have been deployed to construct conjugated scaffolds with engineered structures and properties leveraging the tunability in chemical structures of building blocks and polymerization capability of diverse catalysts.Therefore,a thorough review of related works is required to gain an in-depth understanding of the mechanochemical synthesis procedure and property-performance relationship of the as-produced conjugated scaffolds.Herein,the mechanochemistry-driven construction of conjugated porous networks(CPNs),the carbon-based materials(e.g.,graphite and graphyne),and carbon supported single atom catalysts(CS-SACs)are discussed and summarized.The electrochemical performance of the afforded conductive scaffolds as electrode materials in supercapacitors and alkali-ion batteries is elucidated.Finally,the challenges and potential opportunities related to the construction of conjugated scaffolds driven by mechanochemistry are also discussed and concluded.展开更多
A way of directly repairing spent lithium-ion battery cathode materials is needed in response to environmental pollution and resource depletion.In this work,we report a green repair method involving coupled mechano-ch...A way of directly repairing spent lithium-ion battery cathode materials is needed in response to environmental pollution and resource depletion.In this work,we report a green repair method involving coupled mechano-chemistry and solid-state reactions for spent lithium-ion batteries.During the ball-milling repair process,an added manganese source enters into the degraded LiMn_(2)O_(4)(LMO)crystal structure in order to fill the Mn vacancies formed by Mn deficiency due to the Jahn–Teller effect,thereby repairing the LMO's chemical composition.An added carbon source acts not only as a lubricant but also as a conductor to improve the material's electrical conductivity.Meanwhile,mechanical force reduces the crystal size of the LMO particles,increasing the amount of active sites for electrochemical reactions.Jahn–Teller distortion is successfully suppressed by cation disorder in the LMO material.The cycling stability and rate performance of the repaired cathode material are thereby greatly improved,with the discharge specific capacity being more than twice that of commercial LMO.The proposed solid-state mechanochemical in situ repair process,which is safe for the environment and simple to use,may be extended to the repair of other waste materials without consuming highly acidic or alkaline chemical reagents.展开更多
Metastasis is the leading cause of death in people with cancer. In the series of steps comprising metastasis process, mechanochemistry plays crucial roles. In this review, we introduced the mechanical factors in cance...Metastasis is the leading cause of death in people with cancer. In the series of steps comprising metastasis process, mechanochemistry plays crucial roles. In this review, we introduced the mechanical factors in cancer cell metastasis, intracellular mechanical sensors and methods for measuring the mechanical forces of tumor cells. The recent researches on the contribution of mechanochemistry to metastasis and future perspectives were summarized.展开更多
Even under low external force,a few macromolecules of a polymer have to be much more highly stressed and fractured first due to the inherent heterogeneous microstructure.When the materials keep on working under loadin...Even under low external force,a few macromolecules of a polymer have to be much more highly stressed and fractured first due to the inherent heterogeneous microstructure.When the materials keep on working under loading,as is often the case,the minor damages would add up,endangering the safety of use.Here we show an innovative solution based on mechanochemically initiated reversible cascading variation of metal-ligand complexations.Upon loading,crosslinking density of the proof-of-concept metallopolymer networks autonomously increases,and recovers after unloading.Meanwhile,the stress-induced tiny fracture precursors are blocked to grow and then restored.The entire processes reversibly proceed free of manual intervention and catalyst.The proposed molecular-level internal equilibrium prevention mechanisms fundamentally enhance durability of polymers in service.展开更多
The serendipitous discovery of dumb-bell-shaped C_(120) under high-speed vibration milling conditions is described.The mechanochemical protocol has been employed to synthesize the He-,H_(2)-or H_(2)O-encapsualted C_(1...The serendipitous discovery of dumb-bell-shaped C_(120) under high-speed vibration milling conditions is described.The mechanochemical protocol has been employed to synthesize the He-,H_(2)-or H_(2)O-encapsualted C_(120),the cross-dimer C_(130),trimer C_(180),bridged C_(60) dimers as well as products from many other reactions of fullerenes,carbon nanotubes and graphenes.Mechanochemistry extended to various reactions of non-fullerene molecules is briefly discussed.展开更多
The Li-Mg-N-H hydrogen storage system is a promising hydrogen storage material due to its moderate operation temperature,good reversibility,and relatively high capacity.In this work,the Li-Mg-N-H composite was directl...The Li-Mg-N-H hydrogen storage system is a promising hydrogen storage material due to its moderate operation temperature,good reversibility,and relatively high capacity.In this work,the Li-Mg-N-H composite was directly synthesized by reactive ball milling(RBM) of Li3N and Mg powder mixture with a molar ratio of 2:1 under hydrogen pressure of 9 MPa.More than 8.8 wt%hydrogen was absorbed during the RBM process.The phases and structural evolution during the in situ hydrogenation process were analyzed by means of in situ solidgas absorption and ex situ X-ray diffraction(XRD) measurements.It is determined that the hydrogenation can be divided into two steps,leading to mainly the formation of a lithium magnesium imide phase and a poorly crystallized amide phase,respectively.The H-cycling properties of the as-milled composite were determined by temperature-programmed dehydrogenation(TPD) method in a closed system.The onset dehydrogenation temperature was detected at 125℃,and it can reversibly desorb 3.1 wt% hydrogen under a hydrogen back pressure of 0.2 MPa.The structural evolution during dehydrogenation was further investigated by in situ XRD measurement.It is found that Mg(NH_(2))_(2)phase disappears at about 200 ℃,and Li_(2)Mg_(2)N_(3)H_(3),LiNH_(2),and Li_(2)MgN_(2)H_(2)phases coexist at even 300 ℃,revealing that the dehydrogenation process is step-wised and only partial hydrogen can be desorbed.展开更多
Mechanically interlocked molecules(MIMs)are prototypical molecular machines with parts that enable controlled,large-amplitude movement with one component positioned relative to another.Incorporating MIMs into polymeri...Mechanically interlocked molecules(MIMs)are prototypical molecular machines with parts that enable controlled,large-amplitude movement with one component positioned relative to another.Incorporating MIMs into polymeric matrices is promising for the designing of functional materials with unprecedented properties.However,the central issue is the challenges involved with establishing the mechanistic linkage between the single-molecule and the bulk material.Herein,we explore the mechanochemical properties and energetic details of a linear poly[2]catenane with strong intercomponent hydrogen bonding(IHB)revealed by single-molecule force spectroscopy.Our results showed that the individual linear poly[2]catenane chain exhibited typical sawtooth pattern,corresponding to the reversible unlocking and relocking transitions under external force or upon stimulations to dissociate or re-form the strong IHB.Furthermore,when a poly[2]catenane-based polymer gel was prepared using a thiol-ene click reaction between thiol-ended poly[2]catenane and a low-molecule-weight cross-linker,the resultant gel showed excellent mechanical adaptability and dynamic properties,which correlated well with the molecular-level observations.The unique poly[2]catenane structure also contributed to the gel formation with an extraordinary IHB-mediated swelling behavior and shape memory property.Thus our present results demonstrate the functioning of bulk material in a linear tandem manner from the behavior of a single molecule,a finding which should be applicable to other systems with versatile properties and promising applications.展开更多
Adsorptive removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater is very important,and the key is the development of efficient sorbents.In this work,oxygenated alkynyl carbon materials(OACMs)were synthesized via mechanochemical...Adsorptive removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater is very important,and the key is the development of efficient sorbents.In this work,oxygenated alkynyl carbon materials(OACMs)were synthesized via mechanochemical reaction of CaC_(2) and a carbonate(CaCO_(3),Na2CO_(3),or NaHCO_(3))at ambient temperature.The resultant OACMs are micro mesoporous carbon nanomaterials with high specific area(>648 m2 g^(-1)),highly crosslinked texture,and rich alkynyl and oxygenated groups.The OACMs exhibit excellent Hg(Ⅱ)adsorption due to the soft acid-soft base interaction between alkynyl and Hg(Ⅱ),and OACM-3 derived from CaC_(2) and NaHCO_(3) has the saturated Hg(Ⅱ)adsorbance of 483.9 mg g^(-1)along with good selectivity and recyclability.The adsorption is mainly chemisorption following the Langmuir mode.OACM-3 also shows high adsorbance for other heavy metal ions,e.g.256.6 mg g^(-1)for Pb(II),232.4 mg g^(-1)for Zn(II),and 198.7 mg g^(-1)for Cu(II).This work expands the mechnochemical reaction of CaC_(2)with carbonates and possibly other oxyanionic salts,provides a new synthesis approach for functional alkynyl carbon materials with excellent adsorption performance for heavy metal ions,as well as a feasible approach for CO2 resource utilization.展开更多
Nitrogen-rich porous organic polymers(POPs)with basic features have already shown promising performance in various organic reactions.But the harsh conditions,tedious synthetic methods and the requirement of specific m...Nitrogen-rich porous organic polymers(POPs)with basic features have already shown promising performance in various organic reactions.But the harsh conditions,tedious synthetic methods and the requirement of specific monomers impede their further application.Herein,we introduce isoindoline chemistry into POP community.An isoindoline formation process between aniline and bromomethylbenzenedcoupling nucleophilic substitution,HBr elimination,and intramolecular cyclization in one pot,is utilized for POPs synthesis.Nitrogen-rich isoindolinebased porous polymers(IPPs)were obtained with specific surface areas up to 408 m^(2) g^(-1).Unexpectedly,mechanochemistry could enable the rapid(3 h)and solid-state synthesis of IPP catalysts.Moreover,this nitrogen-rich catalyst presents excellent activity(isolated yield:99%),scalable ability(up to 14 g per run)and recyclability(five runs)towards the Knoevenagel condensation reaction under mild reaction conditions(water as solvent at room temperature).展开更多
The influence of the mechanoactivation in air and in water suspension on the oxides and hydroxides of La and Nd is studied. The activation is carried out at ambient temperature in agate vessels of a Pulverisette 6 bal...The influence of the mechanoactivation in air and in water suspension on the oxides and hydroxides of La and Nd is studied. The activation is carried out at ambient temperature in agate vessels of a Pulverisette 6 ball mill(Fritsch). La and Nd systems have similar behaviours during the activation with certain quantitative differences. The activation in air causes a dehydration of the hydroxides. An activation for 1 h in aqueous suspension leads to complete hydration of La 2O 3(forming hydroxocarbonates) and increases the relative content of Nd(OH) 3 in the respective systems. The mechanochemical effects are compared with the thermally induced changes in the same system.展开更多
The precursor of Bi Pb Sr Ca Cu O superconductor was prepared by spray drying nitrate solution with nominal composition of Bi∶Pb∶Sr∶Ca∶Cu=1.84∶0.34∶1.91∶2.03∶3.06. Instrumentation of XRD、 DTA、 DTA TG...The precursor of Bi Pb Sr Ca Cu O superconductor was prepared by spray drying nitrate solution with nominal composition of Bi∶Pb∶Sr∶Ca∶Cu=1.84∶0.34∶1.91∶2.03∶3.06. Instrumentation of XRD、 DTA、 DTA TG、 FT IR and SEM was used for the evaluation of the influences of calcination and fine grinding on the synthesis of sperconducting materials with “high T c phase”. The experimental results indicated that the fine grinding with organic additives influenced the formation and the transition of the superconducting phase. The phase transition of the superconductor can be reduced greatly by means of high temperature grinding.展开更多
Different polymorphs of Mg-Sn and Mg-Pb intermetallic compounds were prepared by high-energy mechanical alloying and then investigated as active material in magnesium batteries. Beside thermodynamically stable Mg_(2)S...Different polymorphs of Mg-Sn and Mg-Pb intermetallic compounds were prepared by high-energy mechanical alloying and then investigated as active material in magnesium batteries. Beside thermodynamically stable Mg_(2)Sn and Mg_(2)Pb crystallizing in the anti-fluorite structure, other polymorphs Mg_(~2)Sn and Mg_(~2)Pb were prepared by increasing the ball-milling time. The first dealloying process is almost complete only for the cubic polymorphs, then similar capacities are observed during the subsequent alloying and dealloying sequences.Thanks to operando X-ray diffraction, the electrochemical mechanism is revealed and shows that the cubic polymorphs Mg_(2)Sn and Mg_(2)Pb tend to preferentially form during the alloying whatever the pristine intermetallic. Weak traces of Mg_(~2)Sn and Mg_(~2)Pb are observed during the alloying, suggesting that these polymorphs act as a by-product and/or an intermediate phases of the electrochemical process. Finally, the compatibility of cubic Mg_(2)Sn and Mg_(2)Pb with Mg(TFSI)_(2)-based electrolyte is confirmed in full cell vs. a positive electrode based on the Chevrel phase Mo6S8, although limited performance is achieved. This fundamental work provides new insights in the behavior of alloy-type negative electrodes for magnesium-ion batteries.展开更多
Powdery quartz with average particle size of 10. 4 um which is a natural weathered quartz 'were ground in planetary ball mill. Variations of particle size distribution, specific surface area,crystal structure,faci...Powdery quartz with average particle size of 10. 4 um which is a natural weathered quartz 'were ground in planetary ball mill. Variations of particle size distribution, specific surface area,crystal structure,facial amorphous and thermal character in dry grinding and wet grindding -were examined against grinding time. The results displayed that the fine grinding causes the structural disorder, facial amor-phism and the facial activity enhancing accompained by par-ticle size reduction as grinding proceeds > and the wet grind-ing lowered notably 'Grinding Limit'of the powdery quartz with this planetary ball mill.展开更多
Using the laser granularity survey technology , logy, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared spectrum anal)sis methods, we studied the microscopic structure and chemical bonds cha...Using the laser granularity survey technology , logy, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared spectrum anal)sis methods, we studied the microscopic structure and chemical bonds changes of β-C2 S monomineral under the high energy ball grinding function. The result indicates that, continuously under the mechanical power, β-C2 S crystal size would decrease, the micro strain and the effective Beff parameter would increase, and the amorphous phases would be presented. Furthermore, the mechanical power would cause Si-O bond broken and reorganized, the specific surface area would increase, the energy of micro-powder agglomeration vibration would be enhanced and the crystal would be disordered. Finally, β- C2 S was caused to have the mechanochemical change and the activity enhancement.展开更多
文摘With the progress of science and technology,China has gradually attached importance to research and exploration in chemistry,and the achievements in exploring mechanochemistry are also quite significant.Therefore,it is necessary to study and explore mechanochemistry.This article mainly discusses the application of mechanochemistry in powder and some silicate materials,as well as in special ceramics,and provides a brief introduction to provide reference for relevant researchers.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51933007,51673123)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFE0111500)the Program for Featured Directions of Engineering Multidisciplines of Sichuan University(No.2020SCUNG203)。
文摘The vigorous development of two-dimensional(2D)materials brings about numerous opportunities for lithiumion batteries(LIBs)due to their unique 2D layered structure,large specific surface area,outstanding mechanical and flexibility properties,etc.Modern technologies for production of 2D materials include but are not limited to mechanochemical(solid-state/liquid-phase)exfoliation,the solvothermal method and chemical vapor deposition.In this review,strategies leading to the production of 2D materials via solid-state mechanochemistry featuring traditional high energy ball-milling and Sichuan University patented pan-milling are highlighted.The mechanism involving exfoliation,edge selective carbon radical generation of the 2D materials is delineated and this is followed by detailed discussion on representative mechanochemical techniques for tailored and improved lithium-ion storage performance.In the light of the advantages of the solid-state mechanochemical method,there is great promise for the commercialization of 2D materials for the next-generation high performance LIBs.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21777045, 61875119)the Australian Research Council (ARC) Future Fellowship (FT160100195)+3 种基金the Foundation of Shenzhen ScienceTechnology and Innovation Commission (SSTIC)(2020231312, JCYJ20190809144409460)the Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar of Guangdong Province,China (2020B151502094)the China Scholarship Council (CSC) for the scholarship support。
文摘Manipulating the structure self-reconstruction of transition metal sulfide-based(pre)catalysts during the oxygen evolution reaction(OER) process is of great interest for developing cost-effective OER catalysts,which remains a central challenge. Here we realize a deep structure self-reconstruction of natural chalcopyrite to unlock its OER performance via mechanochemical activation. Compared with the manually milled counterpart(CuFeS_(2)-HM), the mechanically milled catalyst(CuFeS_(2)-BM) with a reduced crystallinity exhibits a 7.11 times higher OER activity at 1.53 V vs. RHE. In addition, the CuFeS_(2)-BM requires a low overpotential of 243 mV for generating 10 mA cm^(-2) and exhibits good stability over 24 h. Further investigations suggest that the excellent OER performance of CuFeS_(2)-BM mainly originates from the decreased crystallinity induced the in situ deep structure self-reconstruction of the originally sulfides into the electroactive and stable metal(oxy)hydroxide phase(e.g., a-Fe OOH) via S etching under OER conditions. This study demonstrates that regulating the crystallinity of catalysts is a promising design strategy for developing highly efficient OER catalysts via managing the structure self-reconstruction process, which can be further extended to the design of efficient catalysts for other advanced energy conversion devices. In addition, this study unveils the great potentials of engineering abundant natural minerals as cost-effective catalysts for diverse applications.
基金supported by US National Institutes of Health grant R01 AI44902by a Scientist Development Grant 0735224Na Pre-doctoral Fellowship from the American Heart Association
文摘Integrins are a large family of adhesion molecules broadly expressed on the surface of a wide variety of cells as heterodimers.Binding of integrins to ligands provides anchorage and signals for the cell,making them prime candidates for mechanosensing molecules.To elucidate how force regulates integrin/ligand dissociation,we used molecular mechanics experiments
基金supported by the U.S.Department of Energy,Office of Science,Basic Energy Sciences,Materials Sciences,and Engineering Division
文摘Mechanochemistry has been recognized as an efficient and sustainable methodology to provide a unique driven force and reaction environments under ambient and neat conditions for the construction of functionalized materials possessing promising properties.Among them,highly porous conjugated scaffolds with attractive electronic conductivities and high surface areas are one of the representative categories exhibiting diverse taskspecific applications,especially in electrochemical energy storage.In recent years,the mechanochemistry-driven procedures have been deployed to construct conjugated scaffolds with engineered structures and properties leveraging the tunability in chemical structures of building blocks and polymerization capability of diverse catalysts.Therefore,a thorough review of related works is required to gain an in-depth understanding of the mechanochemical synthesis procedure and property-performance relationship of the as-produced conjugated scaffolds.Herein,the mechanochemistry-driven construction of conjugated porous networks(CPNs),the carbon-based materials(e.g.,graphite and graphyne),and carbon supported single atom catalysts(CS-SACs)are discussed and summarized.The electrochemical performance of the afforded conductive scaffolds as electrode materials in supercapacitors and alkali-ion batteries is elucidated.Finally,the challenges and potential opportunities related to the construction of conjugated scaffolds driven by mechanochemistry are also discussed and concluded.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51972030,52102207)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Z220021)+2 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB3800300)the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2130204)Beijing Outstanding Young Sci-entists Program(BJJWZYJH01201910007023).
文摘A way of directly repairing spent lithium-ion battery cathode materials is needed in response to environmental pollution and resource depletion.In this work,we report a green repair method involving coupled mechano-chemistry and solid-state reactions for spent lithium-ion batteries.During the ball-milling repair process,an added manganese source enters into the degraded LiMn_(2)O_(4)(LMO)crystal structure in order to fill the Mn vacancies formed by Mn deficiency due to the Jahn–Teller effect,thereby repairing the LMO's chemical composition.An added carbon source acts not only as a lubricant but also as a conductor to improve the material's electrical conductivity.Meanwhile,mechanical force reduces the crystal size of the LMO particles,increasing the amount of active sites for electrochemical reactions.Jahn–Teller distortion is successfully suppressed by cation disorder in the LMO material.The cycling stability and rate performance of the repaired cathode material are thereby greatly improved,with the discharge specific capacity being more than twice that of commercial LMO.The proposed solid-state mechanochemical in situ repair process,which is safe for the environment and simple to use,may be extended to the repair of other waste materials without consuming highly acidic or alkaline chemical reagents.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21778055, 21573250, 61501039)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Nos. L172048, 2162017)+2 种基金Beijing Municipal Education Commission (No. KM201710015005)the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nos. QYZDB-SSW-SLH024, YZ201424)the Program for Young Outstanding Scientists of ICCAS (No. Y41Z011)
文摘Metastasis is the leading cause of death in people with cancer. In the series of steps comprising metastasis process, mechanochemistry plays crucial roles. In this review, we introduced the mechanical factors in cancer cell metastasis, intracellular mechanical sensors and methods for measuring the mechanical forces of tumor cells. The recent researches on the contribution of mechanochemistry to metastasis and future perspectives were summarized.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52033011,51773229,51873235).
文摘Even under low external force,a few macromolecules of a polymer have to be much more highly stressed and fractured first due to the inherent heterogeneous microstructure.When the materials keep on working under loading,as is often the case,the minor damages would add up,endangering the safety of use.Here we show an innovative solution based on mechanochemically initiated reversible cascading variation of metal-ligand complexations.Upon loading,crosslinking density of the proof-of-concept metallopolymer networks autonomously increases,and recovers after unloading.Meanwhile,the stress-induced tiny fracture precursors are blocked to grow and then restored.The entire processes reversibly proceed free of manual intervention and catalyst.The proposed molecular-level internal equilibrium prevention mechanisms fundamentally enhance durability of polymers in service.
基金The continuous financial support from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Science Foundation of China(Nos.20125205,20772117,21132007,21372211)for our mechanochemistry study is acknowledged.
文摘The serendipitous discovery of dumb-bell-shaped C_(120) under high-speed vibration milling conditions is described.The mechanochemical protocol has been employed to synthesize the He-,H_(2)-or H_(2)O-encapsualted C_(120),the cross-dimer C_(130),trimer C_(180),bridged C_(60) dimers as well as products from many other reactions of fullerenes,carbon nanotubes and graphenes.Mechanochemistry extended to various reactions of non-fullerene molecules is briefly discussed.
基金financially supported by the Beijing Science and Technology Program(No.D141100002014002)the European COST Action(No.MP1103)
文摘The Li-Mg-N-H hydrogen storage system is a promising hydrogen storage material due to its moderate operation temperature,good reversibility,and relatively high capacity.In this work,the Li-Mg-N-H composite was directly synthesized by reactive ball milling(RBM) of Li3N and Mg powder mixture with a molar ratio of 2:1 under hydrogen pressure of 9 MPa.More than 8.8 wt%hydrogen was absorbed during the RBM process.The phases and structural evolution during the in situ hydrogenation process were analyzed by means of in situ solidgas absorption and ex situ X-ray diffraction(XRD) measurements.It is determined that the hydrogenation can be divided into two steps,leading to mainly the formation of a lithium magnesium imide phase and a poorly crystallized amide phase,respectively.The H-cycling properties of the as-milled composite were determined by temperature-programmed dehydrogenation(TPD) method in a closed system.The onset dehydrogenation temperature was detected at 125℃,and it can reversibly desorb 3.1 wt% hydrogen under a hydrogen back pressure of 0.2 MPa.The structural evolution during dehydrogenation was further investigated by in situ XRD measurement.It is found that Mg(NH_(2))_(2)phase disappears at about 200 ℃,and Li_(2)Mg_(2)N_(3)H_(3),LiNH_(2),and Li_(2)MgN_(2)H_(2)phases coexist at even 300 ℃,revealing that the dehydrogenation process is step-wised and only partial hydrogen can be desorbed.
基金We are grateful to acknowledge the National Basic Research Program(2013CB834502,2013CB834503)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91527301,21434005,21525418,51773179,11302190,and 11432012)the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials(sklssm201611)for financial support.
文摘Mechanically interlocked molecules(MIMs)are prototypical molecular machines with parts that enable controlled,large-amplitude movement with one component positioned relative to another.Incorporating MIMs into polymeric matrices is promising for the designing of functional materials with unprecedented properties.However,the central issue is the challenges involved with establishing the mechanistic linkage between the single-molecule and the bulk material.Herein,we explore the mechanochemical properties and energetic details of a linear poly[2]catenane with strong intercomponent hydrogen bonding(IHB)revealed by single-molecule force spectroscopy.Our results showed that the individual linear poly[2]catenane chain exhibited typical sawtooth pattern,corresponding to the reversible unlocking and relocking transitions under external force or upon stimulations to dissociate or re-form the strong IHB.Furthermore,when a poly[2]catenane-based polymer gel was prepared using a thiol-ene click reaction between thiol-ended poly[2]catenane and a low-molecule-weight cross-linker,the resultant gel showed excellent mechanical adaptability and dynamic properties,which correlated well with the molecular-level observations.The unique poly[2]catenane structure also contributed to the gel formation with an extraordinary IHB-mediated swelling behavior and shape memory property.Thus our present results demonstrate the functioning of bulk material in a linear tandem manner from the behavior of a single molecule,a finding which should be applicable to other systems with versatile properties and promising applications.
基金supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21776015)the University Scientific Research Project of Anhui Province(No.KJ2018A0065&KJ2020A0245).
文摘Adsorptive removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater is very important,and the key is the development of efficient sorbents.In this work,oxygenated alkynyl carbon materials(OACMs)were synthesized via mechanochemical reaction of CaC_(2) and a carbonate(CaCO_(3),Na2CO_(3),or NaHCO_(3))at ambient temperature.The resultant OACMs are micro mesoporous carbon nanomaterials with high specific area(>648 m2 g^(-1)),highly crosslinked texture,and rich alkynyl and oxygenated groups.The OACMs exhibit excellent Hg(Ⅱ)adsorption due to the soft acid-soft base interaction between alkynyl and Hg(Ⅱ),and OACM-3 derived from CaC_(2) and NaHCO_(3) has the saturated Hg(Ⅱ)adsorbance of 483.9 mg g^(-1)along with good selectivity and recyclability.The adsorption is mainly chemisorption following the Langmuir mode.OACM-3 also shows high adsorbance for other heavy metal ions,e.g.256.6 mg g^(-1)for Pb(II),232.4 mg g^(-1)for Zn(II),and 198.7 mg g^(-1)for Cu(II).This work expands the mechnochemical reaction of CaC_(2)with carbonates and possibly other oxyanionic salts,provides a new synthesis approach for functional alkynyl carbon materials with excellent adsorption performance for heavy metal ions,as well as a feasible approach for CO2 resource utilization.
基金Thousand Talent Program,National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21776174)the Open Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering(Shanghai Jiao Tong University of China)(No.1809)China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation for the support.
文摘Nitrogen-rich porous organic polymers(POPs)with basic features have already shown promising performance in various organic reactions.But the harsh conditions,tedious synthetic methods and the requirement of specific monomers impede their further application.Herein,we introduce isoindoline chemistry into POP community.An isoindoline formation process between aniline and bromomethylbenzenedcoupling nucleophilic substitution,HBr elimination,and intramolecular cyclization in one pot,is utilized for POPs synthesis.Nitrogen-rich isoindolinebased porous polymers(IPPs)were obtained with specific surface areas up to 408 m^(2) g^(-1).Unexpectedly,mechanochemistry could enable the rapid(3 h)and solid-state synthesis of IPP catalysts.Moreover,this nitrogen-rich catalyst presents excellent activity(isolated yield:99%),scalable ability(up to 14 g per run)and recyclability(five runs)towards the Knoevenagel condensation reaction under mild reaction conditions(water as solvent at room temperature).
文摘The influence of the mechanoactivation in air and in water suspension on the oxides and hydroxides of La and Nd is studied. The activation is carried out at ambient temperature in agate vessels of a Pulverisette 6 ball mill(Fritsch). La and Nd systems have similar behaviours during the activation with certain quantitative differences. The activation in air causes a dehydration of the hydroxides. An activation for 1 h in aqueous suspension leads to complete hydration of La 2O 3(forming hydroxocarbonates) and increases the relative content of Nd(OH) 3 in the respective systems. The mechanochemical effects are compared with the thermally induced changes in the same system.
文摘The precursor of Bi Pb Sr Ca Cu O superconductor was prepared by spray drying nitrate solution with nominal composition of Bi∶Pb∶Sr∶Ca∶Cu=1.84∶0.34∶1.91∶2.03∶3.06. Instrumentation of XRD、 DTA、 DTA TG、 FT IR and SEM was used for the evaluation of the influences of calcination and fine grinding on the synthesis of sperconducting materials with “high T c phase”. The experimental results indicated that the fine grinding with organic additives influenced the formation and the transition of the superconducting phase. The phase transition of the superconductor can be reduced greatly by means of high temperature grinding.
基金financial support from the French National Research Agency (project MISTRALE, ANR-19-CE05–0013, and Labex STORE-EX, ANR10-LABX-76-01)。
文摘Different polymorphs of Mg-Sn and Mg-Pb intermetallic compounds were prepared by high-energy mechanical alloying and then investigated as active material in magnesium batteries. Beside thermodynamically stable Mg_(2)Sn and Mg_(2)Pb crystallizing in the anti-fluorite structure, other polymorphs Mg_(~2)Sn and Mg_(~2)Pb were prepared by increasing the ball-milling time. The first dealloying process is almost complete only for the cubic polymorphs, then similar capacities are observed during the subsequent alloying and dealloying sequences.Thanks to operando X-ray diffraction, the electrochemical mechanism is revealed and shows that the cubic polymorphs Mg_(2)Sn and Mg_(2)Pb tend to preferentially form during the alloying whatever the pristine intermetallic. Weak traces of Mg_(~2)Sn and Mg_(~2)Pb are observed during the alloying, suggesting that these polymorphs act as a by-product and/or an intermediate phases of the electrochemical process. Finally, the compatibility of cubic Mg_(2)Sn and Mg_(2)Pb with Mg(TFSI)_(2)-based electrolyte is confirmed in full cell vs. a positive electrode based on the Chevrel phase Mo6S8, although limited performance is achieved. This fundamental work provides new insights in the behavior of alloy-type negative electrodes for magnesium-ion batteries.
文摘Powdery quartz with average particle size of 10. 4 um which is a natural weathered quartz 'were ground in planetary ball mill. Variations of particle size distribution, specific surface area,crystal structure,facial amorphous and thermal character in dry grinding and wet grindding -were examined against grinding time. The results displayed that the fine grinding causes the structural disorder, facial amor-phism and the facial activity enhancing accompained by par-ticle size reduction as grinding proceeds > and the wet grind-ing lowered notably 'Grinding Limit'of the powdery quartz with this planetary ball mill.
文摘Using the laser granularity survey technology , logy, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared spectrum anal)sis methods, we studied the microscopic structure and chemical bonds changes of β-C2 S monomineral under the high energy ball grinding function. The result indicates that, continuously under the mechanical power, β-C2 S crystal size would decrease, the micro strain and the effective Beff parameter would increase, and the amorphous phases would be presented. Furthermore, the mechanical power would cause Si-O bond broken and reorganized, the specific surface area would increase, the energy of micro-powder agglomeration vibration would be enhanced and the crystal would be disordered. Finally, β- C2 S was caused to have the mechanochemical change and the activity enhancement.