目的探讨甲基CpG结合蛋白2(methyl-CpG-binding protein 2,MeCP2)基因单核苷酸多态性与中国长江以南汉族人群系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)的易感性。方法采用病例对照研究设计,收集病例141例,对照144例。应用聚合...目的探讨甲基CpG结合蛋白2(methyl-CpG-binding protein 2,MeCP2)基因单核苷酸多态性与中国长江以南汉族人群系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)的易感性。方法采用病例对照研究设计,收集病例141例,对照144例。应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术对rs2239464、rs2075596两位点进行基因分型,在不同的遗传模式下分析两个位点基因多态性与SLE的相关性。根据赤池信息准则(Akaike’s information criteria,AIC)值最小原则,筛选最优模型。结果在显性、隐性、相加及相乘遗传模式下,两位点基因型或等位基因频率分布在病例组与对照组间的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。显性遗传模式下,rs2239464、rs2075596位点GG/AG基因型为SLE的保护性基因型(ORrs2239464=0.528,95%CIrs2239464:0.315～0.885;ORrs2075596=0.435,95%CIrs2075596:0.264～0.717)。隐性遗传模式下,rs2239464、rs2075596位点GG基因型在统计学上具有显著的保护性作用(ORrs2239464=0.108,95%CIrs2239464:0.013～0.863;ORrs2075596=0.097,95%CIrs2075596:0.012～0.771)。相加遗传模式下,以AA基因型为参照,rs2239464位点GG基因型为SLE的保护性基因型(OR=0.094,95%CI:0.012～0.758),rs2075596位点AG及GG基因型也具有保护性作用(ORAG=0.498,95%CIAG:0.298～0.832;ORGG=0.077,95%CIGG:0.010～0.612)。相乘遗传模式下,rs2239464、rs2075596两位点的G等位基因为SLE的保护性等位基因(ORrs2239464=0.503,95%CIrs2239464:0.319～0.793;ORrs2075596=0.445,95%CIrs2075596:0.289～0.686)。rs2239464,rs2075596位点的最优遗传模式均为相加遗传模式。结论在中国长江以南汉族人群中MECP2基因rs2239464,rs2075596位点基因多态性与SLE相关,突变等位基因G可能是SLE保护性等位基因。展开更多
Classical methyl-CpG binding proteins contain the conserved DNA binding motif methyl-cytosine binding domain(MBD), which preferentially binds to methylated CpG dinucleotides. These proteins serve as transcriptional re...Classical methyl-CpG binding proteins contain the conserved DNA binding motif methyl-cytosine binding domain(MBD), which preferentially binds to methylated CpG dinucleotides. These proteins serve as transcriptional repressors,mediating gene silencing via DNA cytosine methylation. Mutations in methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) have beenlinked to the human mental retardation disorder Rett syndrome, suggesting an important role for methyl-CpG bindingproteins in brain development and function. This mini-review summarizes the recent advances in studying the diversefunctions of MeCP2 as a prototype for other methyl-CpG binding proteins in the development and function of thevertebrate nervous system.展开更多
Melatonin is a pleiotropic molecule that,after a short-term sleep deprivation,promotes the proliferation of neural stem cells in the adult hippocampus.However,this effect has not been observed in long-term sleep depri...Melatonin is a pleiotropic molecule that,after a short-term sleep deprivation,promotes the proliferation of neural stem cells in the adult hippocampus.However,this effect has not been observed in long-term sleep deprivation.The precise mechanism exerted by melatonin on the modulation of neural stem cells is not entirely elucidated,but evidence indicates that epigenetic regulators may be involved in this process.In this study,we investigated the effect of melatonin treatment during a 96-hour sleep deprivation and analyzed the expression of epigenetic modulators predicted by computational text mining and keyword clusterization.Our results showed that the administration of melatonin under sleep-deprived conditions increased the MECP2 expression and reduced the SIRT1 expression in the dentate gyrus.We observed that let-7 b,mir-132,and mir-124 were highly expressed in the dentate gyrus after melatonin administration,but they were not modified by sleep deprivation.In addition,we found more Sox2^+/5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine(BrdU)^+cells in the subgranular zone of the sleep-deprived group treated with melatonin than in the untreated group.These findings may support the notion that melatonin modifies the expression of epigenetic mediators that,in turn,regulate the proliferation of neural progenitor cells in the adult dentate gyrus under long-term sleep-deprived conditions.All procedures performed in this study were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the University of Guadalajara,Mexico(approval No.CI-16610)on January 2,2016.展开更多
Methyl-CpG binding protein 2 （MeCP2） has a crucial role in transcriptional regulation and neural development （Ausi6 et al., 2014）. Loss of function mutations of MECP2 in human lead to Rett syndrome （RTT）, a seve...Methyl-CpG binding protein 2 （MeCP2） has a crucial role in transcriptional regulation and neural development （Ausi6 et al., 2014）. Loss of function mutations of MECP2 in human lead to Rett syndrome （RTT）, a severe neurodevelopmental disorders （Amir et al., 1999）, whereas individuals with the chromosomal duplications containing the MECP2 locus showed severe autism-like symptoms （Ramocki et al., 2009）.展开更多
Dendrites and the dendritic spines of neurons play key roles in the connectivity of the brain and have been recognized as the locus of long-term synaptic plasticity,which is correlated with learning and memory.The dev...Dendrites and the dendritic spines of neurons play key roles in the connectivity of the brain and have been recognized as the locus of long-term synaptic plasticity,which is correlated with learning and memory.The development of dendrites and spines in the mammalian central nervous system is a complex process that requires specific molecular events over a period of time.It has been shown that specific molecules are needed not only at the spine’s point of contact,but also at a distance,providing signals that initiate a cascade of events leading to synapse formation.The specific molecules that act to signal neuronal differentiation,dendritic morphology,and synaptogenesis are tightly regulated by genetic and epigenetic programs.It has been shown that the dendritic spine structure and distribution are altered in many diseases,including many forms of mental retardation(MR),and can also be potentiated by neuronal activities and an enriched environment.Because dendritic spine pathologies are found in many types of MR,it has been proposed that an inability to form normal spines leads to the cognitive and motor deficits that are characteristic of MR.Epigenetic mechanisms,including DNA methylation,chromatin remodeling,and the noncoding RNA-mediated process,have profound regulatory roles in mammalian gene expression.The study of epigenetics focuses on cellular effects that result in a heritable pattern of gene expression without changes to genomic encoding.Despite extensive efforts to understand the molecular regulation of dendrite and spine development,epigenetic mechanisms have only recently been considered.In this review,we will focus on epigenetic mechanisms that regulate the development and maturation of dendrites and spines.We will discuss how epigenetic alterations could result in spine abnormalities that lead to MR,such as is seen in fragile X and Rett syndromes.We will also discuss both general methodology and recent technological advances in the study of neuronal dendrites and spines.展开更多
文摘目的探讨甲基CpG结合蛋白2(methyl-CpG-binding protein 2,MeCP2)基因单核苷酸多态性与中国长江以南汉族人群系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)的易感性。方法采用病例对照研究设计,收集病例141例,对照144例。应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术对rs2239464、rs2075596两位点进行基因分型,在不同的遗传模式下分析两个位点基因多态性与SLE的相关性。根据赤池信息准则(Akaike’s information criteria,AIC)值最小原则,筛选最优模型。结果在显性、隐性、相加及相乘遗传模式下,两位点基因型或等位基因频率分布在病例组与对照组间的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。显性遗传模式下,rs2239464、rs2075596位点GG/AG基因型为SLE的保护性基因型(ORrs2239464=0.528,95%CIrs2239464:0.315～0.885;ORrs2075596=0.435,95%CIrs2075596:0.264～0.717)。隐性遗传模式下,rs2239464、rs2075596位点GG基因型在统计学上具有显著的保护性作用(ORrs2239464=0.108,95%CIrs2239464:0.013～0.863;ORrs2075596=0.097,95%CIrs2075596:0.012～0.771)。相加遗传模式下,以AA基因型为参照,rs2239464位点GG基因型为SLE的保护性基因型(OR=0.094,95%CI:0.012～0.758),rs2075596位点AG及GG基因型也具有保护性作用(ORAG=0.498,95%CIAG:0.298～0.832;ORGG=0.077,95%CIGG:0.010～0.612)。相乘遗传模式下,rs2239464、rs2075596两位点的G等位基因为SLE的保护性等位基因(ORrs2239464=0.503,95%CIrs2239464:0.319～0.793;ORrs2075596=0.445,95%CIrs2075596:0.289～0.686)。rs2239464,rs2075596位点的最优遗传模式均为相加遗传模式。结论在中国长江以南汉族人群中MECP2基因rs2239464,rs2075596位点基因多态性与SLE相关,突变等位基因G可能是SLE保护性等位基因。
文摘Classical methyl-CpG binding proteins contain the conserved DNA binding motif methyl-cytosine binding domain(MBD), which preferentially binds to methylated CpG dinucleotides. These proteins serve as transcriptional repressors,mediating gene silencing via DNA cytosine methylation. Mutations in methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) have beenlinked to the human mental retardation disorder Rett syndrome, suggesting an important role for methyl-CpG bindingproteins in brain development and function. This mini-review summarizes the recent advances in studying the diversefunctions of MeCP2 as a prototype for other methyl-CpG binding proteins in the development and function of thevertebrate nervous system.
基金supported by grants from Universidad de Guadalajara(PROSNI 2016,2017-8)to REGCpartially by grants from Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia(CONACyT No.PN 2016-01-465 and INFR-280414)+1 种基金PRODEP(213544)to OGPthe CONACyT Fellowship grant(374823)to AHG
文摘Melatonin is a pleiotropic molecule that,after a short-term sleep deprivation,promotes the proliferation of neural stem cells in the adult hippocampus.However,this effect has not been observed in long-term sleep deprivation.The precise mechanism exerted by melatonin on the modulation of neural stem cells is not entirely elucidated,but evidence indicates that epigenetic regulators may be involved in this process.In this study,we investigated the effect of melatonin treatment during a 96-hour sleep deprivation and analyzed the expression of epigenetic modulators predicted by computational text mining and keyword clusterization.Our results showed that the administration of melatonin under sleep-deprived conditions increased the MECP2 expression and reduced the SIRT1 expression in the dentate gyrus.We observed that let-7 b,mir-132,and mir-124 were highly expressed in the dentate gyrus after melatonin administration,but they were not modified by sleep deprivation.In addition,we found more Sox2^+/5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine(BrdU)^+cells in the subgranular zone of the sleep-deprived group treated with melatonin than in the untreated group.These findings may support the notion that melatonin modifies the expression of epigenetic mediators that,in turn,regulate the proliferation of neural progenitor cells in the adult dentate gyrus under long-term sleep-deprived conditions.All procedures performed in this study were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the University of Guadalajara,Mexico(approval No.CI-16610)on January 2,2016.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB02050400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No. #91432111) to Z.Qiu
文摘Methyl-CpG binding protein 2 （MeCP2） has a crucial role in transcriptional regulation and neural development （Ausi6 et al., 2014）. Loss of function mutations of MECP2 in human lead to Rett syndrome （RTT）, a severe neurodevelopmental disorders （Amir et al., 1999）, whereas individuals with the chromosomal duplications containing the MECP2 locus showed severe autism-like symptoms （Ramocki et al., 2009）.
基金This work is supported by grants from the International Rett Syndrome Foundation(IRSF)the NIH(Nos:MH080434 and MH078972).R.D.S.is supported by a Minority Supplement to NIH grant(No.MH080434).
文摘Dendrites and the dendritic spines of neurons play key roles in the connectivity of the brain and have been recognized as the locus of long-term synaptic plasticity,which is correlated with learning and memory.The development of dendrites and spines in the mammalian central nervous system is a complex process that requires specific molecular events over a period of time.It has been shown that specific molecules are needed not only at the spine’s point of contact,but also at a distance,providing signals that initiate a cascade of events leading to synapse formation.The specific molecules that act to signal neuronal differentiation,dendritic morphology,and synaptogenesis are tightly regulated by genetic and epigenetic programs.It has been shown that the dendritic spine structure and distribution are altered in many diseases,including many forms of mental retardation(MR),and can also be potentiated by neuronal activities and an enriched environment.Because dendritic spine pathologies are found in many types of MR,it has been proposed that an inability to form normal spines leads to the cognitive and motor deficits that are characteristic of MR.Epigenetic mechanisms,including DNA methylation,chromatin remodeling,and the noncoding RNA-mediated process,have profound regulatory roles in mammalian gene expression.The study of epigenetics focuses on cellular effects that result in a heritable pattern of gene expression without changes to genomic encoding.Despite extensive efforts to understand the molecular regulation of dendrite and spine development,epigenetic mechanisms have only recently been considered.In this review,we will focus on epigenetic mechanisms that regulate the development and maturation of dendrites and spines.We will discuss how epigenetic alterations could result in spine abnormalities that lead to MR,such as is seen in fragile X and Rett syndromes.We will also discuss both general methodology and recent technological advances in the study of neuronal dendrites and spines.
