Considering the influence of the streaming potential and electroviscous effects, the analytical solutions for electromagnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) flows in parallel plate microchannels are obtained. The electrolyte solut...Considering the influence of the streaming potential and electroviscous effects, the analytical solutions for electromagnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) flows in parallel plate microchannels are obtained. The electrolyte solutions in the microchannels are taken as generalized Maxwell fluids, and slip boundary conditions are adopted. To accurately analyze the EMHD flow characteristics, the variation trends of the electroviscous effects with the corresponding parameters must be understood. The results show that the electroviscous effects increase with the increase in the relaxation time De, the slip coefficient , and the wall zeta potential 0. However, the increase in the inverse of the electrical double-layer (EDL) thickness K, the electrical oscillating Reynolds number Re, and the ionic P'eclet number Pe can decrease the electroviscous effects. We also demonstrate that the electroviscous effect on the EMHD flows of generalized Maxwell fluids is larger than that of Newtonian fluids. This work will be useful in designing EMHD flows in parallel plate microchannels.展开更多
Given the increasing dependence of development on energy consumption, an understanding of the rules and trends of national energy consumption is required for boosting social energy conservation. By using two models --...Given the increasing dependence of development on energy consumption, an understanding of the rules and trends of national energy consumption is required for boosting social energy conservation. By using two models -- the structural evolution energy consumption model and the structural evolution per-unit energy consumption model, this article attempts to make an international comparison of the industrial structure development versus energy consumption patterns in the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Japan, and India. The results of this analysis indicate that the dominance of secondary industry over the industrial structure evolution process noticeably accelerates national energy consumption at the initial stage of modernization. Subsequently, a slowdown in energy consumption as a result of industrial structure development yields effects as the diversification process speeds up. Under such influence, energy consumption per unit of GDP follows an inverted U-shaped curve from rise to decline. As one of the world’s major energy producers and consumers, China has long employed a one- sided sector development policy. Under the influence of this policy, national energy conservation endeavors have been inhibited by the rigidity in its industry structural evolution. Thus, in China, energy consumption per unit of GDP has remained at a high level.展开更多
In accordance with previous reports, the sequences related to phosporylated protein segments occur in conserved variable domains of immunoglobulins including first of all certain N-terminally located segments. Consequ...In accordance with previous reports, the sequences related to phosporylated protein segments occur in conserved variable domains of immunoglobulins including first of all certain N-terminally located segments. Consequently, we look here for the sequences 1) composing human and mouse proteins different from antigen receptors, 2) identical with or highly similar to nucleotide sequence representatives of conserved variable immunoglobulin segments and 3) identical with or closely related to phosphorylation sites. More precisely, we searched for the corresponding actual pairs of DNA and protein sequence segments using five-step bilingual approach employing among others a) different types of BLAST searches, b) two in-principle-different machine-learning methods predicting phosphorylated sites and c) two large databases recording existing phosphorylation sites. The approach identified seven existing phosphorylation sites and thirty-seven related human and mouse segments achieving limits for several predictions or phylogenic parameters. Mostly serines phosporylated with ataxia-telangiectasia-related kinase (involved in regulation of DNA-double-strand-break repair) were indicated or predicted in this study. Hypermutation motifs, located in effective positions of the selected sequence segments, occurred significantly less frequently in transcribed than non-transcribed DNA strands suggesting thus the incidence of mutation events. In addition, marked differences between the numbers and proportions of human and mouse cancer-related sequence items were found in different steps of selection process. The possible role of hypermutation changes within the selected segments and the observed structural relationships are discussed here with respect to DNA damage, carcinogenesis, cancer vaccination, ageing and evolution. Taken together, our data represent additional and sometimes perhaps complementary information to the existing databases of empirically proven phosphorylation sites or pathogenically important spots.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11772162 and11472140)the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Grassland Talent of China(No.12000-12102013)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China(No.2016MS0106)
文摘Considering the influence of the streaming potential and electroviscous effects, the analytical solutions for electromagnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) flows in parallel plate microchannels are obtained. The electrolyte solutions in the microchannels are taken as generalized Maxwell fluids, and slip boundary conditions are adopted. To accurately analyze the EMHD flow characteristics, the variation trends of the electroviscous effects with the corresponding parameters must be understood. The results show that the electroviscous effects increase with the increase in the relaxation time De, the slip coefficient , and the wall zeta potential 0. However, the increase in the inverse of the electrical double-layer (EDL) thickness K, the electrical oscillating Reynolds number Re, and the ionic P'eclet number Pe can decrease the electroviscous effects. We also demonstrate that the electroviscous effect on the EMHD flows of generalized Maxwell fluids is larger than that of Newtonian fluids. This work will be useful in designing EMHD flows in parallel plate microchannels.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFA0708703)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21773309)the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale(KF2020004).
基金A project in NSFC Research Plan (Grant No.: 90610009)a key NSFC project (Grant No.: 40535026)
文摘Given the increasing dependence of development on energy consumption, an understanding of the rules and trends of national energy consumption is required for boosting social energy conservation. By using two models -- the structural evolution energy consumption model and the structural evolution per-unit energy consumption model, this article attempts to make an international comparison of the industrial structure development versus energy consumption patterns in the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Japan, and India. The results of this analysis indicate that the dominance of secondary industry over the industrial structure evolution process noticeably accelerates national energy consumption at the initial stage of modernization. Subsequently, a slowdown in energy consumption as a result of industrial structure development yields effects as the diversification process speeds up. Under such influence, energy consumption per unit of GDP follows an inverted U-shaped curve from rise to decline. As one of the world’s major energy producers and consumers, China has long employed a one- sided sector development policy. Under the influence of this policy, national energy conservation endeavors have been inhibited by the rigidity in its industry structural evolution. Thus, in China, energy consumption per unit of GDP has remained at a high level.
文摘In accordance with previous reports, the sequences related to phosporylated protein segments occur in conserved variable domains of immunoglobulins including first of all certain N-terminally located segments. Consequently, we look here for the sequences 1) composing human and mouse proteins different from antigen receptors, 2) identical with or highly similar to nucleotide sequence representatives of conserved variable immunoglobulin segments and 3) identical with or closely related to phosphorylation sites. More precisely, we searched for the corresponding actual pairs of DNA and protein sequence segments using five-step bilingual approach employing among others a) different types of BLAST searches, b) two in-principle-different machine-learning methods predicting phosphorylated sites and c) two large databases recording existing phosphorylation sites. The approach identified seven existing phosphorylation sites and thirty-seven related human and mouse segments achieving limits for several predictions or phylogenic parameters. Mostly serines phosporylated with ataxia-telangiectasia-related kinase (involved in regulation of DNA-double-strand-break repair) were indicated or predicted in this study. Hypermutation motifs, located in effective positions of the selected sequence segments, occurred significantly less frequently in transcribed than non-transcribed DNA strands suggesting thus the incidence of mutation events. In addition, marked differences between the numbers and proportions of human and mouse cancer-related sequence items were found in different steps of selection process. The possible role of hypermutation changes within the selected segments and the observed structural relationships are discussed here with respect to DNA damage, carcinogenesis, cancer vaccination, ageing and evolution. Taken together, our data represent additional and sometimes perhaps complementary information to the existing databases of empirically proven phosphorylation sites or pathogenically important spots.
