Analysis of the "Red Packet" Phenomenonin Chinas Medical Health Industry

Red packet, or the red envelope containing money as a bribe or kickback, is a kind ofpresent. It not only reflects a relationship involving exchange of material things, but also hassocial and cultural implications. Seen as an element of Chinese social organizations, the redpacket has multiple functions social, economic and political. In the traditional Chinesesociety, the red packet had already been in existence in the medical industry. After thePeoples Republic of China was founded, the practice of giving and receiving red packet, toa large extent, disappeared because of the establishment of the planned economic system.However, since the countrys reform and opening up began, the red packet has appearedagain in the medical health industry. This reappearance is mainly because that the economicreform has been a gradual process with different emphases at different stages. Before theburden of expenditure on medical institutions and public health welfare has been lifted fromthe shoulders of public finance, market elements have already entered the management ofmedical institutions and made room for the popularization of red packets.

The National Health and Medical Research Council

Introduction The National Health and Medical Research Council （NHMRC） is Australia＇s leading expert body promoting the development and maintenance of public and individual health standards. NHMRC brings together within a single national organisation the functions of research funding and development of advice. One of its strengths is that it draws upon the resources of all components of the health system, including governments, medical practitioners, nurses and allied health professionals, researchers, teaching and research institutions, public and private program managers service administrators, community health organisations, social health researchers and consumers.

Going the Distance A telemedicine company uses technology to meet Africa’s rural medical needs with prime health care

We have a scarcity of health care professionals in the rural areas and therefore we can offer medical services from a distance to the underserved rural population.

Current Situation and Prospect of the Application of Real-World Evidence in Health Care

Objective To summarize the application of real-world evidence(RWE)in the medical and healthcare field of various countries,including relevant policies,application scenarios and application methods.Methods Relevant policies and application scenarios were obtained by consulting the official websites and public documents of various countries’healthcare institutions.Systematic literature retrieval was adopted to search PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,CNKI,CBM and Wanfang databases,and all papers related to real-world study and application were included.Then,these papers were classified and analyzed by country and application method.Results and Conclusion The RWE was mainly applied to supporting the preliminary approval of a new drug,expanding drug indications,accelerating approval or supporting conditional marketing authorizations and drug safety evaluation,etc.The United Kingdom,the United States,Germany,the Netherlands,Italy,Sweden,and France admitted RWE,but they treated the data obtained from RWE with caution.After systematic literature retrieval,a total of 701 articles were obtained,including relevant studies from 36 countries,among which the United States published 264 in total.The most common study was about using real-world data(RWD)to calculate treatment-related costs,which had a total of 259 studies.Secondly,158 articles were used for epidemiological analysis.Then,138 articles were about establishing risk models to analyze disease risk factors.A total of 70 articles were real-world efficacy evaluation of the drug treatment schemes,54 articles were about pharmacoeconomic evaluation with RWD as parameters.A total of 29 articles used RWD to build predictive models,and 15 articles used RWD to evaluate the health-related quality of life in patients.The application of RWE has been used widely in the medical and healthcare field of various countries.The application scenarios are gradually diversified,the application methods of RWD become mature,and the evidence quality of RWE is also improved greatly.

A Decade of Scien tific and Tech no logical Inno vati on at Chin ese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College:Retrospect and Prospect

Focusing on the reform initiatives of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College(PUMC) in medical scientific and technological innovation from perspectives of deepening the reform and optimizing the ecosystem of science and technology innovation,this article summarizes the highlights of CAMS & PUMC’s efforts in safeguarding people’ s health and promoting the Healthy China 2030 strategy through scientific and technological innovation in the fields including basic research,disease prevention and treatment,and medical technology in the past ten years.These achievements embody the endeavors and responsibility of CAMS& PUMC in realizing self-reliance and self-improvement of Chinese medical science and technology and highlight its contributions to the development of medical science and technology of China.

强基层:深圳南山区域医疗联合体的策略和效果

目的分析区域医疗联合体(以下简称“医联体”)政策指引下深圳南山区域医联体发展的探索,为其他地区医药卫生体制改革提供参考。方法通过知情人访谈、现场调研、二次资料分析、头脑风暴等方法剖析深圳南山区域医联体强基层的策略背景、实施内容和实施效果。结果统一管理所有基层医疗卫生机构,实行标准化建设,有助于更好地发展基层医疗卫生机构;实施区域学科联盟,以契约方式加强医院和基层医疗卫生机构的人员联系,具有可行性。结论强基层是医药卫生体制改革的重点,深圳南山区域医联体强基层的策略具有参考借鉴价值。

我国省域医疗卫生服务与经济的耦合协调分析

目的探索我国省域医疗卫生服务与经济协调发展状况,为促进医疗卫生服务与经济健康协调发展提供参考。方法以2012—2020年为研究区间,运用综合评价指数分析医疗卫生服务与经济综合发展水平,采用耦合协调度测算我国医疗卫生服务与经济的协调水平。结果(1)2012—2020年我国医疗卫生服务与经济综合评价指数年均增长率分别为21.03%和31.69%。其中,2019—2020年医疗卫生服务年均增长率高达36.72%,而经济年均增长率为-1.32%。从区域来看:东、中、西部医疗卫生服务综合评价指数年均增长率分别为-3.09%、-2.51%、-1.51%。经济综合评价指数年均增长率分别为-0.75%、-1.00%、-0.64%。(2)我国两子系统间耦合协调度由2012年的0.389增至2020年的0.920,年均增长率为11.36%,协调类型由2012年的轻度失调发展为2020年的优质协调。东、中、西部耦合协调度均数分别为0.64、0.52、0.47,协调类型分别为初级协调、勉强协调、濒临失调。东、中、西部耦合协调度均数年均增长率分别为-0.95%、-1.00%、-0.61%。(3)东部多数省(直辖市)除2016年为经济发展滞后型,其余年份均为医疗卫生服务滞后型;而中、西部大多数省(自治区、直辖市)除2014年为医疗卫生服务滞后型,其余年份皆为经济发展滞后型。结论从整体上看,我国医疗卫生服务与经济综合发展及其耦合协调水平均呈上升趋势。从区域来看:东、中、西部医疗卫生服务与经济综合发展水平均呈下降趋势;耦合协调水平呈东、中、西部依次递减空间格局。各区域应结合自身实际,制定医疗卫生与经济发展战略措施,提高两系统协调发展水平,以实现两系统优质协调发展。

“十四五”时期我国卫生健康事业发展展望

“十四五”时期,我国卫生健康事业步入新的历史阶段。在这一时期,公共卫生能力建设应成为发展重点,通过优化医疗卫生资源配置,实现大健康观下的医防结合。推动以医疗为中心的医疗联合体转变为以预防和健康管理为中心的健康联合体,使医疗保险为公众的健康结果而非医疗卫生服务买单。完善健康服务体系,实现健康联合体内部上下联动。建立以健康结果为导向的医疗保险支付方式,倒逼服务供给侧改革,推动医疗保险基金形成战略性购买机制。充分发挥信息时代互联互通的优势,深化健康大数据的治理与应用,助力公众健康管理。

不同类型公立医疗卫生机构门诊患者满意度比较

目的 在控制门诊患者的人口学和临床特征后,比较不同类型公立医疗卫生机构的门诊患者满意度,为公立医疗卫生机构和卫生行政部门开展绩效考核提供参考信息。方法 对上海市107所公立医疗卫生机构开展门诊患者满意度问卷调查,通过多层混合线性模型分析和Snijders & Bosker法比较不同类型公立医疗卫生机构的门诊患者满意度。结果 在控制医疗卫生机构的随机效应以及其他固定效应后,公立三级综合医院和三级专科医院的门诊患者满意度相对较低,且高住院病例组合指数组医院的门诊患者总体满意度和对医生服务满意度有走低趋势。此外,公立医疗卫生机构类型可解释69.13%的机构间门诊患者总体满意度差异。结论 诸多因素可能导致公立三级医院门诊患者总体满意度相对较低,医疗卫生机构应聚焦于可控因素以提升门诊患者满意度。

2020年上海市公立医疗卫生机构门诊患者满意度调查

目的 分析2020年上海市公立医疗卫生机构的门诊患者满意度,为上海市公立医疗卫生机构改善服务质量和卫生行政部门加强服务质量的监管提供决策依据。方法 对上海市107所公立医疗卫生机构进行门诊患者满意度调查。结果 门诊患者对医疗服务满意度的总体评分平均为4.78分,但门诊患者对等候时间不满意或较不满意率相对较高。此外,机构间总体满意率差异较大。结论 2020年上海市公立医疗卫生机构门诊患者的满意度处于高水平,但部分公立医疗卫生机构应采取有效措施提高患者满意度,门诊等候时间应进一步缩短。

上海市公立医疗卫生机构出院患者对医疗服务的满意度及其测评方法的利弊

目的 分析上海市公立医疗卫生机构出院患者对医疗服务的满意度及满意度测评方法的利弊,为完善住院医疗服务及其满意度测评方法提供决策参考。方法 就上海市99所公立医疗卫生机构出院患者对医疗服务的满意度开展电子问卷调查。结果 2020年上海市公立医疗卫生机构出院患者对医疗服务总体满意度的平均分为4.58分,总体满意率为90.78%。出院患者对住院伙食或治疗饮食的不满意或较不满意率为6.35%。与对住院患者的调查结果相比,出院患者的调查应答率较低且存在应答对象偏倚,从中可更多了解患者的抱怨并提出改善建议。结论 上海市公立医疗卫生机构需进一步加强住院患者的伙食管理,住院患者或出院患者调查需提高可靠性。

Chrysophanol attenuates lead exposure-induced injury to hippocampal neurons in neonatal mice

Previous studies have shown that chrysophanol protects against learning and memory impairments in lead-exposed adult mice. In the present study, we investigated whether chrysophanol can alleviate learning and memory dysfunction and hippocampal neuronal injury in lead-exposed neonatal mice. At the end of lactation, chrysophanol（0.1, 1.0, 10.0 mg/kg） was administered to the neonatal mice by intraperitoneal injection for 15 days. Chrysophanol significantly alleviated injury to hippocampal neurons and improved learning and memory abilities in the lead-poisoned neonatal mice. Chrysophanol also significantly decreased lead content in blood, brain, heart, spleen, liver and kidney in the lead-exposed neonatal mice. The levels of malondialdehyde in the brain, liver and kidney were significantly reduced, and superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly increased after chrysophanol treatment. Collectively, these findings indicate that chrysophanol can significantly reduce damage to hippocampal neurons in lead-exposed neonatal mice.

Preliminary Discussion on Sand Therapy in Mongolian Medicine

Sand therapy of Mongolian medicine is one of traditional Mongolian medical treatments.It conducts heat energy to the human body through natural hot sand applied on the body,achieving the effect of preventing and curing disease.It is an external treatment method,characterized with easy operation,obvious curative effect and small side effects.Referring to the relevant literature of sand therapy in Mongolian medicine and combined with actual situation,the functions and use of sand therapy are summarized in this article,thereby providing theoretical basis and reference for research on sand therapy.

The German emergency and disaster medicine and management system--history and present

As well for optimized emergency management in individual cases as for optimized mass medicine in disaster management, the principle of the medical doctors approaching the patient directly and timely, even close to the site of the incident, is a long-standing marker for quality of care and patient survival in Germany. Professional rescue and emergency forces, including medical services, are the ＂Golden Stan- dard＂ of emergency management systems. Regulative laws, proper organization of resources, equipment, training and adequate delivery of medical measures are key factors in systematic approaches to manage emergencies and disasters alike and thus save lives. During disasters command, communication, coor- dination and cooperation are essential to cope with extreme situations, even more so in a globalized world. In this article, we describe the major historical milestones, the current state of the German system in emergency and disaster management and its integration into the broader European approach.