The Application and Practice of TBL Method in the Teaching of “Zhuang Medical Prescriptions”

The application of TBL teaching method to"Zhuang Medical Prescriptions"is an actual practice of group cooperative learning mode.Through this method,a more active learning atmosphere can be constructed,and it is also an activity to jointly achieve the teaching goals.From the perspective of the practice of basic teaching,it is a creative teaching strategy.Let students develop the awareness and habit of using team groups for cooperative inquisitive learning,so as to gradually improve students'level of comprehensive application analysis.This paper discusses in detail from the perspective of practical research and building,and compares data under different teaching methods with test results to prove that TBL teaching method is superior to traditional teaching method.

Acquisition and Dissemination of Anti-Epidemic Medical Prescriptions During the Outbreaks in the Qing Dynasty of China

During the epidemics in the Qing dynasty,many medical professionals,nonprofessionals,and social organizations collected and sorted medical prescriptions related to infectious diseases.These people also compiled,published,disseminated,and consulted related medical formularies.The above historical event can be viewed as the construction and dissemination of medical knowledge.They edited and published medical formularies on infectious diseases with lower cost and in flexible ways by taking the initiative and giving full scope to creativity.Diverse anti-epidemic medical prescriptions from these medical formularies can be used for infectious diseases in the event of the outbreaks.However,the therapeutic effects of classical prescriptions and folk recipes cannot be regarded as the same.The wide circulation of anti-epidemic medical prescriptions and medical formularies was essentially a process of epidemic prevention resource allocation.Not only did it enable many nonprofessionals to participate in epidemic prevention and control,but it also enhanced awareness,knowledge,and capacity for epidemic prevention at the individual level.At the same time,due to the uneven quality and individual differences in the physical fitness and condition of the prescriptions and formularies,they had the capacity of causing inconveniences to the readers or patients.

Preliminary Investigation on Zhuang Folk Medicated Bath Prescriptions:A Case Study of Hechi Region

This paper summarizes the mechanism,methods and characteristics of Zhuang folk medicated bath,as well as the composition and application of prescriptions,which provides a basis for the popularization of Chinese ethnic medicine.

Trends in use and costs of prescription medication in patients with type 1 diabetes: 9-year follow-up after kidney transplantation

Aims: Weestimated long-term trends in prescription medication utilization and costs in patients with type 1 diabetes in two different transplant cohorts (Group 1: transplantation 1986-1999,n = 180;Group 2: transplantation 2000-2008, n = 150). Methods: Data obtained from the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study were linked with the Drug Prescription Register (purchases of medications 1995-2009). Generalized linear mixed models under gamma distribution were used to evaluate the medication costs. Results: The total costs of medication decreased (Group 1 from€11,290 to €8760;Group 2 from €12,800 to €9790)during the follow-up (P< 0.0001). The sametrend was observed for immunosuppressive drugcosts (P< 0.0001). Although the cost profiles were similar for the groups (P= 0.9), the cost level in Group 2 was higher than in Group 1 (P< 0.0001). In Group 1 the most common immunosuppressive combination was cyclosporine, azathioprine and corticosteroid, while cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) with/without corticosteroid was the most common in Group 2. The estimated average costs of cyclosporine in combination withMMFwere 84% (€4130) higher than with azathioprine. Conclusions: Since diabetes or other drugs had only marginal impact on the total costs, the decreasing trend wasmainly due to the costs of immunosuppressants.This finding is consistent with the recent guidelines which recommend reducing doses of immunosuppressants over time to minimize sideeffects.The cost levels differed depending on the combinations of immunosuppressive drugs in use. Those who had MMF in the regimen generated higher costs.