A Study of Safety Evaluation Method for Medical Diagnostic Table

Medical diagnostic tables are widely used inthemedical diagnostic equipment. For multifarious diagnostic needs, the medical diagnostic table works in various operating modes. In order to ensure patient safety, safety factor of medical diagnostic table must meet safety requirement. The paper puts forward a method to find relations between key parameters and stress of table, identify maximum stress modes, reduce modes number of load test, and remove conservative high stress areas from finite element analysis result, by synthesizingthestress result of finite element analysis and measurement data for various operating modes of medical diagnostic table. It will help shorten test time, avoid over strength design, and reduce table’s cost. An application example of the method is presented by evaluating a specific CT medical diagnostictable. This method can be a reference for safety evaluation of all medical diagnostic tables.

Interest of Systematic Chest Radiography during Periodic Medical Visits in Workers

Background: Systematic chest X-ray is the most prescribed examination by occupational physicians during periodic medical check-ups in our context, unlike in most countries where this practice has been discontinued. Objective: The objective was to determine the diagnostic yield and cost-effectiveness of chest radiography during periodic medical check-ups of workers in Ngaoundere. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out in Ngaoundere Regional Hospital from January to December 2018, concerning all persons coming to perform a systematic chest X-ray in the context of the periodic medical check-up having been consented to participate in the study. Posteroanterior (PA) chest radiographs were obtained from all workers during this periodic medical check-up. The variables studied were: age, sex, clinical manifestations, antecedents, job type, cost, and chest X-ray results. Statistical analysis was performed using the Sphinx Plus2-Lexica-V5 Edition software. Results: 753 workers were selected for this study, of whom 88.04% were men and 11.96% were women, a sex ratio H/F is of 7.4, the average age was 39 ± 7.89 years with extremes of 24 and 56 years, the most frequent job type was the administration (38.37%), the storekeepers (17.92) and the drivers (15.27%), most of them were asymptomatic (97.47%), some had cough (2.52%), chest pain (2.12%), dyspnea (0.26%) and fever (0.13%). History was dominated by lung infection (2.39%), pleurisy (1.06%) and tuberculosis (0.79%). 7.43% of workers occasionally smoked tobacco and consumed alcohol. 41 cases of pathologies (5.44%) were found on the chest X-ray, including 1 case (0.13%) of evolutionary pathology, 40 cases (5.31%) of sequelae pathologies. When the results of the chest X-ray are compared with the clinical signs and the pathological history of the workers, it is found that the only case with evolutionary abnormalities on the chest X-ray showed clinical signs and that the other cases with sequelae abnormalities had either clinical signs or antecedents related to these abnormalities. The cost of a chest X-ray at the time of our study was 5,000 FCFA ($8.59), for a total of 3,765,000 FCFA ($6473.74) for all the X-rays performed. Conclusion: In view of the low rate of abnormalities on the chest X-ray and the sequelae nature of the pathologies, it can be said that the routine X-ray of the chest during the periodic medical check-ups has a low diagnostic yield and a low cost-effectiveness ratio and is not profitable. It should be non-systematic and case-by-case based on the clinical context and background of workers.

An analysis of the status of diagnostic radiology equipment in China

Objective:To analyze the current situation of diagnostic radiology equipment in Chinese mainland and to understand changes in the past 20 years,including gaps with other countries,in order to provide a scientific basis for the government to formulate relevant policies and regulations,and supplement Chinese data for international organizations.Methods:This survey adopted a uniformly designed questionnaire,which was completed by the investigators or the respondents.The survey was distributed to all medical institutions that provided diagnostic radiology services in 31 provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalities,excluding Hong Kong,Macao,Taiwan,and military,China.Results:The survey showed that in the past 20 years,the number of medical institutions and diagnostic radiology equipment per million population in China has increased substantially.Dental radiology equipment increased nine-fold,and mammography equipment and computed tomography scanners showed a nearly five-fold increase.The four types of diagnostic radiology equipment,general diagnostic,fluoroscopic,mammography,and computed tomography,were associated with the population.Dental radiology equipment and bone mineral densitometers were related only to the gross domestic product(GDP).A large gap remains in the diagnostic radiology equipment per million population between China and the equipment of health-care level(HCL)I countries.Conclusions:An imbalance in the number of units of diagnostic radiology equipment per million population was observed in the different regions,China.Various types of diagnostic radiology equipment,especially mammography equipment and computed tomography scanners,need to be deployed to meet the medical needs of different populations.

基于熵权TOPSIS法的医用超声诊断仪可靠性评价的研究与应用

目的运用基于熵权的逼近理想解排序法(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution,TOPSIS)对医用超声诊断仪的可靠性进行量化评价,判别其可靠性的优劣情况。方法通过文献分析法与专家咨询法构建医用超声诊断仪的可靠性评价指标,以某三甲医院A、B、C 3种型号的医用超声诊断仪2020—2021年间的故障维修数据作为数据来源,计算指标初始数据,运用熵权法获取各评价指标权重,采用TOPSIS法计算各台设备和各种型号的相对接近度Ci,获取医用超声诊断仪的可靠性评价结果。结果建立的可靠性评价体系包括5个指标:平均故障间隔时间、平均首次故障前工作时间(Mean Time To First Failure,MTTFF)、平均修复时间、故障率及可用度,指标中权重占比较高的有MTTFF和可用度。A、B、C 3种型号设备的Ci分别为0.51342、0.44859、0.30324。3种型号医用超声诊断仪中A型号可靠性较优,B型号次之,C型号较差,评价结果基本能客观真实反映医用超声诊断仪的可靠性水平。结论基于熵权TOPSIS法的医用超声诊断仪可靠性评价体系具有一定可行性,可操作性强,评价结果可为医用超声诊断仪购置、维护保养等提供决策依据。

超声诊断仪的故障与维修分析

阐述医用超声诊断仪故障的结构部件与原因,提出维护保养建议,包括加强温度、湿度等环境把控,规范使用探头并做好日常维护保养、定期清洁过滤网、做好系统备份。

医学影像诊断设备网络化在放射科管理中的应用价值分析

医学影像设备是医生疾病诊疗过程中的重要辅助工具,全面、准确的医学影像资料对于临床诊断与治疗方法水平的提高十分关键。全新数字化影像技术的推广应用,促进了医学影像设备网络化、信息化的发展。医学影像归档与通信系统(pictures achieving and communication system,PACS)为实现医学影像设备网络化提供了支持,且有助于影像信息的数字化以及共享,能够更规范管理医学影像信息。放射科中包括X线、CT等多种医学影像设备,如何更好地促进放射科诊断与管理质量的提升是医院管理工作的重要内容。本文就医学影像诊断设备网络化在放射科管理中的应用价值展开综述。

基于深度学习的病历质量控制系统设计

医疗领域患者的主诉信息是医疗文本分类工作的关键,能为智慧医疗和信息文本归类提供有力的支持;近几年来随着深度学习的发展应用,基于传统深度学习技术的全流程病历质量控制模型层出不穷,但传统模型存在很多缺点和局限性,诸如训练速度慢、精度损失、过拟合和无法处理大规模数据的问题,因此,引入改进的深度学习算法;指南指导下基于深度学习的全流程病历质量控制系统实验结果为:将词向量设置成160时双向循环神经网络模型效果最优,准确率为84.9%;BiGRU-SA MODEL,精准度受向量维度的影响并不大;而改进的文本分类式前馈神经网络模型,精准度在其进行第3次和第4次迭代更新时,发生指数级增长,并在第3次迭代时,精度达到理想值,为83%;随着迭代次数的增加,模型准确率呈现先增大后减小的趋势,在进行第6次迭代时模型效果最优,准确率为84.9%;优化后的全流程病历质量控制模型在变动率指标下的面积的值、准确率、F_(1)、召回率四项指标值都有了一定的提升,以上结果能更好地解决过拟合和特征信息丢失的问题,并且实现全流程病历质量的控制。

辽宁省城乡各级医院X线诊断设备配置现状调查

目的调查辽宁省各级医院X线诊断设备的配置水平和分布特征。方法对辽宁省城乡585家医院的X线诊断设备配置情况进行问卷调查,计算城乡各级医院院均配置水平、品牌结构及价格变化。结果辽宁省一、二、三级医院诊断设备院均配置量分别为0.9、2.2和6.0台/院,城市平均(2.0台/院)高于农村平均(1.3台/院)。一级医院以普通X线机主(67.7%),二级(37.7%)和三级医院(48.8%)以DR为主。普通X线机、CR、DR和DSA的国产化率依次为84.8%、22.2%、21.2%和5.5%,进口设备价格约为国产品牌的2倍。结论辽宁省各级医院X线诊断设备配置水平和配置结构发生巨大改变,国内企业急需加大研发投入,突破核心技术,提升产品质量,完善服务。

戴明循环管理方法在超声诊断仪维修中的应用

随着科技快速发展,医疗卫生领域对医疗设备的需求不断增加,为了提高设备的完好率,降低故障频次,传统的维修模式在设备出现故障时已无法满足临床使用人员的需求。为此,以超声诊断仪为例,采用戴明循环(PDCA)法,将计划(Plan)、实施(Do)、检查(Check)和处理(Act)4个阶段应用于超声诊断仪的维修管理中,有效节省了医院维修成本,提高了医疗设备的管理水平。

广西医用诊断X射线摄影机质量控制检测结果及分析

目的:对广西医疗机构的医用诊断X射线摄影机性能进行质量控制检测,分析检测项目中不合格因素,为提高在用医用诊断X射线摄影机性能合格率提供科学依据。方法:依据国家"医用常规X射线诊断设备影像质量控制检测规范(WS 76-2011)",采用Barracuda X射线输出评估装置对2013年广西171家医院282台医用诊断X射线摄影机进行性能及质量控制检测。结果:在282台医用X射线摄影机中,有235台质量控制检测项目全部合格,合格率为83.3%;其中,三级医院、二级医院和二级以下医院的合格率分别为93.7%、97.1%和68.1%;进口机性能合格率高于国产机;9项检测项目中合格率最低的是光野与照射野偏离(88.2%)。结论:广西二级以下医院医用诊断X射线摄影机性能及质量检测合格率偏低,需进一步加强医用诊断X射线摄影机的维护保养、性能检测及质量控制。

2016年西藏自治区日喀则市医用X射线诊断设备质量控制抽样检测调查与分析

目的:调查分析西藏自治区日喀则市医用X射线诊断设备质量控制现状,提出相应改进建议。方法:对抽样医疗卫生机构中的全部医用X射线诊断设备进行质量控制检测,并对检测结果进行统计分析。结果:2016年西藏自治区日喀则市X射线透视设备、X射线摄影设备和X射线计算机体层摄影设备的质量控制抽样合格率分别为80%、40%和50%;各级别医疗卫生机构医用X射线诊断设备合格率均为57.1%。结论:通过抽样检测,初步掌握日喀则市医用X射线诊断设备质量控制现状,提出应加强日喀则市乃至西藏自治区放射诊断设备质量控制检测工作和相关技术人员的培训要求。

应用超声影像诊断设备监测系统数据提升医院设备管理水平探索

目的通过分析超声影像诊断设备监测系统数据,探索系统数据监测对医院设备管理水平提升的应用价值。方法应用设备监测系统及超声报告系统提取我院超声影像科19台超声诊断仪2018年就诊数据,分析设备日均检查人数、日均使用时间、设备使用率、探头使用时间等参数,比较不同诊室设备的使用率、工作日与节假日的工作量以及门诊及住院患者的检查人数的差异,探索提升医院设备管理水平的新举措。结果2018年全年超声设备平均使用效率为60.9%±32.6%,工作日总量为302835人次,明显多于节假日75614人次;节假日诊室日均就诊(82.4±13.5)人次,明显高于工作日的(63.9±7.6)人次,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论设备监测系统及管理数据监测的应用,为优化工作流程、提高设备使用率和设备采购论证提供了有力依据,对提升我院设备使用管理水平有重要的指导意义。

飞利浦iU22彩色超声诊断仪病人数据恢复探讨

随着超声造影、三维彩超、谐波成像、计算机软件等技术的飞速发展,超声诊断作为6大影像学诊断之一,在医院各个科室的应用数量快速增长。本文阐述了现代彩色超声诊断仪的发展以及在各类临床疾病诊治中的重要作用。本文主要分析了飞利浦iU22超声诊断仪病人数据恢复需要注意的问题,包括常见故障现象特征、产生故障的原因分析、维修原则、维修的方法、日常工作中注意事项等,结合实际工作论述了数据故障的恢复检修方法。

基于专家咨询法的医用超声诊断设备服务体系评价指标筛选研究

目的筛选医用超声诊断设备服务的评价指标,构建评价体系,对比评价不同品牌服务商的服务水平。方法邀请专家开展问卷咨询,在企业服务、产品服务和客户服务三个层面的一级指标,经前期专家头脑风暴设定的28项二级指标的基础上进行指标筛选,构建服务体系。结果所有二级指标重要性评分均>3.5分;变异系数<0.25的二级指标共22项,且所有重要性评分>4分的指标变异系数均<0.25;变异系数>0.3的仅1项。结论经过专家咨询,医用超声设备服务评价指标选择方面意见逐步趋同,公司文化、技术创新与推广等6项指标仍存在争议,需要通过第二轮咨询或进一步理论和实证研究加以检验。

LED在医疗设备方面的应用现状及展望

本文主要介绍了LED的类型及特点,分析了其在医疗设备方面的应用现状及未来的发展趋势,期待其能够推动医疗设备不断进步。

现代超声医学的发展及应用

分析了国内外医院超声影像科室的地位及作用差异,同时从超声医学设备的先进技术特点,包括各种新型超声探头的种类及功能,以及超声诊断技术在临床工作中的优势应用等方面,阐述了国内现代超声医学的发展现状和应用前景。

大型医疗设备维护中应用RCM模式的探究

本文在介绍以可靠性为中心的维修(RCM)模式的基础上,探究通过建立医疗设备维修专家诊断系统,实现在大型医疗设备维护中应用RCM模式,以减少医院运营成本,提高医工人员的维修水平。

一种便携式医用超声诊断设备声输出参数测量系统的研制

目的:研制一种便于军事计量巡检的便携式声输出参数测量系统。方法:采用水听器作为换能器,通过采集超声信 号在空间声场内一点的声压波形。利用近似公式对声压波形的参数进行运算。得到所关心的超声声输出参数。结果:能 够在误差允许的范围内测量出主要的声输出参数。结论:该方法切实可行,能够改进目前所采用测量方法的缺陷。

水听器式便携超声参数测量系统的研制

目的:开发了一套测量声输出参数的系统,为进一步研制适用于军事计量巡检工作的便携式仪器奠定基础。方法:采用水听器作为换能器,采集超声信号在空间声场焦平面上一点的声压波形。通过对声压波形的参数进行数值运算,得到所关心的超声声输出参数。结果:能够在误差允许的范围内测量出主要的声输出参数。结论:该方法切实可行,得到的数据可重复性好。

B超机电源工作原理及故障分析

针对B超机的电源种类,比较详细地分析了B超机电源出现的典型故障,并介绍了故障判断的思路,以及维修方法。