Qualitative and Quantitative Research in Second Language Teaching and Learning

Qualitative and quantitative researches are two major approaches in the study of second language learning and teaching, each representing a special research method in the anthropological studies. Qualitative approach moves from data to a hypothesis while the quantitative approach begins with a postulate and ends in the testing of the postulate with data, as a result, it is reasonable to take the qualitative approach as an inductive method and the quantitative approach as a deductive method. These two approaches both have their advantages and disadvantages. While doing qualitative research the researcher should bear in mind the different background of the students tested. On the other hand, the researcher using the quantitative method often suffers the limitation imposed upon him or her by the predefined requirement of the experiment. Only an apt and suitable coordination of the two approaches can make the study of second language teaching and learning successful and fruitful.\;

What are Different Research Approaches?Comprehensive Review of Qualitative,Quantitative,and Mixed Method Research,Their Applications,Types,and Limitations

There are different ways to examine and explain a study and its findings based on using numbers as a measure,a descriptive style,or a mixture of both.These three research approaches are quantitative,qualitative,and mixed methods that are commonly used by researchers in various research studies.However,with many options regarding the research design,it seems challenging for researchers to select the most appropriate approach based on the study and realize differences.This study provides a comprehensive review of qualitative,quantitative,and mixed-method research methods.Each method is clearly defined and specifically discussed based on applications,types,advantages,and limitations to help researchers identify select the most relevant type based on each study and navigate accordingly.

Qualitative Research on Learner's Beliefs about Learning English

In the ESOL/SLA field, qualitative studies try to explain the language learning process not merely from psychological points of view, but also from social and cultural perspectives. In this study, a Chinese learner's perceptions of mainstream English instruction in China has been investigated through the interview, and the problem was explained from social and cultural perspectives.

A Research Commentary and Evaluation

Language teaching is both a science and an art. As a science, it has its own principles and laws to ensure the operation;as an art,it combines the inspiration,creativity and other affection factors together. To many scholars and language teachers, during their studies on language teaching and linguistics, they adopt many research methods to complement the studies and find some useful ways to improve the language teaching. In this paper,it is aimed to analyze the different methodologies adopted by the two different authors in two papers and make a commentary and evaluation.

Sources and symptoms of stress among nurses in the first Chinese anti-Ebola medical team during the Sierra Leone aid mission: A qualitative study

Objective: This study investigated the sources of stress,corresponding symptoms,and stress relief among nurses of the first Chinese anti-Ebola medical team during the Sierra Leone aid mission.Method: A purposive sampling method was used and 10 nurses were selected from the first Chinese anti-Ebola medical team that was dispatched to Sierra Leone.Data were collected via phone and semistructured interviews,then analyzed using Colaizzi's seven-step method.Results: The data showed three major themes: (1) The causes of stress during the Sierra Leone aid mission mainly related to unsafety,responsibility,and unfamiliarity;(2) Physical,cognitive,emotional,and behavioral symptoms were documented;(3) Nurses experienced relief from stress after the mission.Conclusion: Targeted measures,proper responses and good community support can effectively lower stress among nurses on anti-Ebola missions.

Moving Towards a New Era in Corporate Governance Research Methods

Corporate governance is a relatively young field. Nonetheless, the research in this domain has been growing at an impressive speed in recent decades. Analysis of corporate governance has become a key factor in our understanding of corporations in recent years, and an indicator of investor confidence in the decisions is taken by the managers and board of directors of the listed companies. This paper evaluates both qualitative and quantitative techniques that are implied in corporate governance field. The methodological techniques are a key element of the research process In this article, the authors developed a content analysis of the published empirical research in order to expose a possible gap between what is currently done versus what needs to be done in terms of the techniques of data analysis used in corporate governance field. The results of this study allow the authors to draw some valuable conclusions regarding the trends in methodological techniques that support the evolution of corporate governance. The findings indicate that, in general, the researchers are inclined to more sophisticated quantitative techniques. However, the use of qualitative techniques remains preponderant among corporate governance scholars.

A Review of Quantitative and Qualitative Studies in Vocabulary Assessment

Since 1980s,articles and works about vocabulary test have piled up one after another,but the methods of testing vocabulary effectively are of widespread controversy.There are two traditional methods in testing vocabulary:quantitative method and qualitative method.While quantitative research sets out from receptive vocabulary size and productive vocabulary size,qualitative research gives priorities to testing vocabulary knowledge in depth.After thirty years of study,achievements have been made in three aspects:the comparative maturity of quantitative research;the steady development of qualitative research and the growing popularity of comprehensive research.Despite the fact that current studies are limited in certain aspects,the trend in vocabulary testing is that context-dependent test are gradually taking place of context-independent test and corpus is widely applied in vocabulary test.

A Qualitative Study of the Triage of Patients with Non-Traumatic Acute Abdomen

Objective: To explore the work experience of medical staff in the emergency department of a general hospital in the triage of patients with non-traumatic acute abdomen to formulate corresponding intervention measures and branch evaluation tools. Methods: With descriptive phenomenology as the research method, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the medical staff in a tertiary hospital in Nanjing from February 1st to 10th, 2023, and Colaizzi seven-step analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: A total of 17 emergency medical staff were interviewed in this study. Four themes were derived from the analysis of the data: the etiology of acute abdomen is complex, so it is difficult to categorize them: acute abdomen requires immediate treatment, but the treat will be delayed if the categorization is inaccurate;the high pressure of nurses and the accuracy in categorizing the patients are problems that should be addressed. Conclusion: The categorization of patients with non-traumatic acute abdomen is challenging. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out corresponding intervention and formulate appropriate departmental evaluation tools to improve the accuracy of categorization of patients with acute abdomen.

“候鸟”老年人急诊异地就医真实体验的质性研究

目的了解“候鸟”老年人急诊异地就医的真实体验,为强化“候鸟”老年人异地就医保障、改善其就医体验提供参考。方法采用目的抽样法,选取2022年1月—2023年2月在海南省某三级甲等医院急诊科就诊的“候鸟”老年人作为研究对象,对其进行半结构式深入访谈,采用Colaizzi现象学7步分析法对访谈资料进行分析、归纳及提炼主题。结果“候鸟”老年人急诊异地就医真实体验可划分为3个亚主题:救治服务与患者需求存在差距、医保异地报销政策有待进一步落地、树立积极认知。结论异地就医的“候鸟”老年人面临诸多挑战,各级管理部门应强化“候鸟”老年人异地就医保障、提高社会支持和参与力度,协助患者应对异地就医中的困境,为异地急诊就医的“候鸟”老年人提供最佳照护。

临床视角下医务社会工作专业化发展路径探析

目的:从多学科医学人文团队中临床医务人员的视角梳理医务社会工作的服务内容、临床服务流程和专业化发展路径,为医务社会工作标准化研究提供依据。方法:以江苏省人民医院为个案,运用质性研究法对16名参与多学科医学人文团队的临床医务人员进行结构式访谈。结果:运用Colaizzi七步分析法对访谈资料归纳整理,就医务社会工作的专业化发展提炼出5个主题,即需求、内容、优势、问题和期待。结论:医务社工作为临床工作中的专业角色已得到多学科医学人文团队中医护人员的认可,但在专业技能强化、服务流程优化、社会资源链接、科研水平提升等方面还需要进一步加强;可参照医务社会工作的通用过程模式,从“点-线-面”3个阶段逐步向规范化、科学化、专科化发展。

医学生职业价值观质性研究及教育教学思考

目的了解医学生职业价值观现状,为高校培养担当民族复兴大任的时代新人提供科学依据。方法采用质性研究方法,在文献查阅和田野调查的基础上针对在读医学生制定访谈提纲,并对20名医学生进行半结构化访谈,运用N-vivo质性分析软件进行访谈内容分析。结果刚刚接触医学时,医学生职业价值观受自身和环境影响较为积极;新冠疫情防控期间受到的现实冲击较大,职业价值观也受到影响;疫情后主流思想是增强专业自信,增强责任感,坚定学习医学专业的决心。结论医学生职业价值观受疫情影响较大,积极影响更为明显。高校工作者要加强制度、场地、经费3方面建设,优化工作条件;依托课堂教学、教育实践活动、杰出工作者示范引领3种渠道,开展正面教育;建设专职人员、兼职人员和学生干部3支队伍,以提供有力保障。

外语教材使用实证研究方法评析与展望

本文首先对实证研究方法进行概述,包括实证研究方法的分类以及不同方法的特征及其适用范围,然后使用范围综述的方法,检索并筛选出近年来有关外语教材使用实证研究的SSCI和CSSCI来源期刊文章,对其进行评析。结果表明,国内外研究都以定性研究为主,国外位居第二的是混合研究,而国内是定量研究,近年来混合研究逐渐增加。本文进一步选取两个案例详细分析其采用的研究方法、数据收集与分析过程、研究结果以及对教学实践的指导意义,为后续研究提供借鉴。文章最后指出当前外语教材使用实证研究方法存在的不足,并提出了相应的改进措施,同时展望了未来研究趋势,以期引导后续研究的方向,并推动外语教材使用研究的深入发展。

耗材供应链管理模式问题及对策质性研究

目的:对医院耗材供应链SPD管理现有模式进行深入剖析,提出持续改进建议使之适应公立医院高质量发展需要。方法:抽取山东省5市中9所医院耗材SPD项目,通过对总计90名利益相关者半结构化访谈以及非参与式观察,对各项目进行案例分析。结果:研究围绕SPD运营商视角和医院管理者视角两个核心范畴,归纳出SPD模式当前的47个主要问题。结论:未来SPD项目方应提升人才队伍建设的经费投入,通过强化对运营大数据的应用,建立科学的库存绩效评价指标体系,对采购频次和科室配送规划持续优化;院方应重视供应商的约束和考核,建立健全医用耗材内控体系,促进SPD规范化管理。

基于扎根理论的农村订单定向医学生职业认同的影响因素分析:一项质性研究

背景随着我国农村订单定向医学生(以下简称公费医学生)培养项目的持续开展,基层全科医学人才队伍不断充实,公费医学生职业认同现状及影响因素备受关注。目的分析公费医学生职业认同的影响因素。方法采用目的性抽样方法,以山东中医药大学2018-2022级中医学(五年制)惠民班的30名公费医学生为访谈对象,采用半结构化访谈方式于2022年12月—2023年3月进行访谈。遵循AnselmStrauss、JulietCorbin程序化扎根理论方法,采用开放性编码、主轴编码、选择性编码对访谈资料进行编码和分析。结果经开放性编码提取到初始概念482个,基本范畴47个;经主轴编码获得9个主范畴;经选择性编码形成典型关系结构,显示公费医学生职业认同的影响因素由职业认知、职业行为、职业选择、职业意志、职业情感、职业信念6大维度构成。结论公费医学生职业认同的影响因素由职业认知、职业行为、职业选择、职业意志、职业情感、职业信念6大维度构成,其中职业认知、职业行为、职业选择属于外显因素,职业意志、职业信念、职业情感属于内隐因素。

异地就医下医保基金监管困境及应对策略的质性研究

目的对异地就医下医保基金监管困境进行分析,提出应对策略,为提升我国异地就医监管效率提供理论参考。方法系统检索异地就医下医保基金监管相关文献,检索时间为建库至2023年12月。采用NVivo 12 Plus软件对纳入的文献进行编码和分析。结果通过检索筛选,最终保留38篇文献纳入质性研究。提炼出53个初始概念、18个初始范畴及5个主范畴,得出异地就医基金监管在监管机制不健全、监管法律不完善、监管手段单一、监管主体能力不足以及监管对象道德风险5个维度的困境节点。结论异地就医下医保基金监管受多种因素制约:完善、健全的监管机制是其中最核心的问题,监管法律完备、有效是监管的重要依据,创新监管手段、促进监管效力提升则是异地就医下医保基金监管的重要手段,制约就医地机构和参保人员的道德风险则是监管过程的关键环节。

基于混合方法医学生感恩意识研究思路探讨

医学生感恩意识不仅是高校教育的培养目标,还是临床医务人员人文素养的有机组成部分。本文首先通过文献检索了解感恩意识兴起的历史背景,指出早期感恩意识的内涵。随后分析当前定量研究与定性研究在医学生感恩意识中的研究与运用,指出其在研究中的运用价值与不足,如:研究范式较为单一、混合研究法研究不足等。最后建议优化研究框架和研究设计等,指出混合研究方法在医学生感恩意识的应用前景和发展空间,旨在为医学生感恩意识的研究方法进一步发展提供方法论工具。

计划行为理论下慢性阻塞性肺疾病病人就医延迟原因的质性研究

目的:基于计划行为理论探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病病人就医延迟原因,为制定慢性阻塞性肺疾病病人就医延迟干预措施提供依据。方法:基于计划行为理论制定访谈提纲,采用目的抽样选取14例慢性阻塞性肺疾病病人作为研究对象,通过描述性现象学方法对其进行半结构式访谈,采用Colaizzi 7步分析法对访谈资料进行分析并提炼主题。结果:共归纳出9个主题:行为态度(主动延迟、疾病重视度欠缺、症状妥协)、主观规范(就医决策冲突、疾病认知误导、社会角色冲突)、知觉行为控制(疾病认知欠缺、就医限制、就医能力不足)。结论:多数慢性阻塞性肺疾病病人自身都存在消极就医行为态度,其就医行为主要受到家人、朋友和工作三方外界压力的影响,且存在疾病认知欠缺、就医限制、就医能力不足多方面的阻碍因素。医护人员及相关部门在对慢性阻塞性肺疾病病人进行管理与防治时应从病人自身态度、外界压力、就医阻碍因素等方面入手为病人提供系统性的支持,促进其及时就医。

体育学质性与量化研究:差异、误区与应对

为提升体育学研究方法应用的科学性和规范性,助力体育学良性发展,本刊组织国内5名学者对体育学质性与量化研究的差异、应用误区与应对策略进行专题研讨。清华大学胡孝乾认为,质性与量化研究存在直观性、操作性、本质性3个层面的差异,直观性差异是2类研究本质差异的外在显现,操作性差异是判断质性或量化研究的直接标准,本质性差异不仅导致了上述2种差异,而且是社会科学研究者选用哪一种研究方法的根本原因。上海体育大学熊欢认为,在体育学质性研究中存在认识层面、研究设计层面、逻辑推理层面和操作层面等四重误区,在使用或评估具体质性研究时,需要考虑其设计、执行和分析的整体性,以及如何在特定的研究背景中应用其发现。国家体育总局体育科学研究所王富百慧认为,在体育学量化研究能力有待提升的同时,应保持对体育学研究中“量化至上”倾向的警醒,体育学量化研究的逻辑起点是思想与方法的平衡,既要用科学的方法研究问题,更要时刻保持理论反思的态度。上海师范大学李刚认为,当前我国体育学量化研究主要在样本数据、指标设定、计量模型、结果解读等方面存在问题,体育学研究者应树立信心、苦练内功、立足现实、坚持操守。首都体育学院李骁天认为,我国体育社会科学研究方法应用主要存在理论基础薄弱、研究设计缺陷、模型选择偏误等问题,增强问题意识导向及中国体育社会科学理论创新是提升研究质量的首要步骤,同时应加强因果推断方法和数据挖掘的应用以及跨学科方法的融合。

老年癌症患者病情告知偏好质性研究的Meta整合

目的全面了解老年癌症患者在被告知病情过程中的偏好,为医护人员在临床实践中对老年癌症患者的病情告知提供参考依据。方法计算机检索PubMed、Web of science、The Cochrane Library、Embase、EBSCO、中国知网、维普、万方等数据库中有关老年癌症患者病情告知偏好的质性研究文献,检索时限为建库至2022年7月,采用JBI(Joanna Briggs Institute)质性研究质量评价工具进行文献质量评价,并对文献进行Meta整合。结果共纳入15项研究,将文献提取出的27个主题归纳成10个新的类别,综合成3个整合结果,即告知方式偏好;告知内容偏好;告知过程的支持偏好。结论医护人员及家属应重视老年癌症患者在病情告知过程中的多元化偏好,提供多方面的支持和帮助,从而有效提升老年癌症患者依从性、治疗效果与预后。

我军机动医疗救护分队阶梯式岗位评价的质性研究

目的 探索机动医疗救护分队岗位评价指标构成要素,为实现科学、合理的岗位管理提供依据。方法采用目的抽样法在军队医院、研究院所等选取8名相关领域的专家作为研究对象,采用半结构式访谈法调查机动医疗救护分队岗位评价指标要素,借助NVivo12.0软件对访谈内容进行整理、编码、分类、归纳、提炼主题。结果 归纳出岗位准入、岗位技能、岗位强度、岗位环境、岗位职责5个层面,提炼出“岗位要求—岗位特性—岗位意义”阶梯式岗位评价模型。结论 在进行岗位评价时,应注重考察分队人员的能力和素质、岗位的责任和特性,为公正评价岗位、科学管理人员提供基础。