The China Basic Medical Insurance Program was created in 1999 with three objectives:equal accessibility,affordability,and quality.Today,it has become the biggest medical insurance program in the world,covering 95%of C...The China Basic Medical Insurance Program was created in 1999 with three objectives:equal accessibility,affordability,and quality.Today,it has become the biggest medical insurance program in the world,covering 95%of China's population.Since 2015,China's healthcare ecosystem has been reshaped by increasing innovation,which has in turn been driven by regulatory reform,enhancement of research and development capability,and capital market development.There has also been improved regulatory efficiency to reduce lags in launching drugs.In 2022,nearly 20%of novel active substances launched globally were from China.China has also risen to become the second biggest contributor to innovation in terms of pipelines.Using a“fast-follow”strategy,many locally developed innovative drugs can compete with products from multinational companies in their quality and pricing.However,China's pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry will continue to face challenges in pricing and reimbursement,as well as a shortened product lifecycle with rapid price erosion.The government has already accelerated the timeline for updating the drug reimbursement list and is willing to create a high-quality medical insurance program.However,some obstacles are hard to overcome,including reimbursement for advanced therapies,limited funding and an increasing burden of disease due to an aging population.This article reviews the trajectory of medical innovation in China,including the challenges.Looking forward,balancing affordability and innovation will be critical for China to continue the trajectory of growth.The article also offers some suggestions for future policy reform,including optimizing reimbursement efficiency with a focus on highquality solutions,enhancing the value assessment framework,payer repositioning from“value buyer”to“strategic buyer”,and developing alternative market access pathways for innovative drugs.展开更多
Chinese medicine （CM） pattern diagnosis （Bianzheng or syndrome differentiation）, as another patient classification approach, has been incorporated with biomedicine diagnosis in clinical practice in China, and the ...Chinese medicine （CM） pattern diagnosis （Bianzheng or syndrome differentiation）, as another patient classification approach, has been incorporated with biomedicine diagnosis in clinical practice in China, and the clinical experience has proven that the integration of biomedicine and CM is better in the treatment of many diseases. CM pattern diagnosis is completely different from the diagnosis in biomedicine, and it must take an active role in innovation for medical sciences. This paper is trying to discuss how CM pattern diagnosis lead to innovations in basic research, clinical research and new drug discovery. Scientific basis of CM pattern in innovation of basic research, clinical efficacy and safety, CM pattern based clinical trial design, CM pattern and clinical practice guideline in innovation of clinical study, CM pattern based indication finding, and CM pattern based network pharmacology in innovation of new drug discovery have been discussed.展开更多
Brain metastases(BMs)are the most common cause of intracranial neoplasms in adults with poor prognosis.Most BMs originate from lung cancer,breast cancer,or melanoma.Radiotherapy(RT),including whole brain radiotherapy(...Brain metastases(BMs)are the most common cause of intracranial neoplasms in adults with poor prognosis.Most BMs originate from lung cancer,breast cancer,or melanoma.Radiotherapy(RT),including whole brain radiotherapy(WBRT)and stereotactic radiation surgery(SRS),has been widely explored and is considered a mainstay anticancer treatment for BMs.Over the past decade,the advent of novel systemic therapies has revolutionized the treatment of BMs.In this context,there is a strong rationale for using a combination of treatments based on RT,with the aim of achieving both local disease control and extracranial disease control.This review focuses on describing the latest progress in RT as well as the synergistic effects of the optimal combinations of RT and systemic treatment modalities for BMs,to provide perspectives on current treatments.展开更多
文摘The China Basic Medical Insurance Program was created in 1999 with three objectives:equal accessibility,affordability,and quality.Today,it has become the biggest medical insurance program in the world,covering 95%of China's population.Since 2015,China's healthcare ecosystem has been reshaped by increasing innovation,which has in turn been driven by regulatory reform,enhancement of research and development capability,and capital market development.There has also been improved regulatory efficiency to reduce lags in launching drugs.In 2022,nearly 20%of novel active substances launched globally were from China.China has also risen to become the second biggest contributor to innovation in terms of pipelines.Using a“fast-follow”strategy,many locally developed innovative drugs can compete with products from multinational companies in their quality and pricing.However,China's pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry will continue to face challenges in pricing and reimbursement,as well as a shortened product lifecycle with rapid price erosion.The government has already accelerated the timeline for updating the drug reimbursement list and is willing to create a high-quality medical insurance program.However,some obstacles are hard to overcome,including reimbursement for advanced therapies,limited funding and an increasing burden of disease due to an aging population.This article reviews the trajectory of medical innovation in China,including the challenges.Looking forward,balancing affordability and innovation will be critical for China to continue the trajectory of growth.The article also offers some suggestions for future policy reform,including optimizing reimbursement efficiency with a focus on highquality solutions,enhancing the value assessment framework,payer repositioning from“value buyer”to“strategic buyer”,and developing alternative market access pathways for innovative drugs.
基金Supported by the National Tenth Five Year Plan Project of China(No.90209002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.90709007 and 30825047)
文摘Chinese medicine （CM） pattern diagnosis （Bianzheng or syndrome differentiation）, as another patient classification approach, has been incorporated with biomedicine diagnosis in clinical practice in China, and the clinical experience has proven that the integration of biomedicine and CM is better in the treatment of many diseases. CM pattern diagnosis is completely different from the diagnosis in biomedicine, and it must take an active role in innovation for medical sciences. This paper is trying to discuss how CM pattern diagnosis lead to innovations in basic research, clinical research and new drug discovery. Scientific basis of CM pattern in innovation of basic research, clinical efficacy and safety, CM pattern based clinical trial design, CM pattern and clinical practice guideline in innovation of clinical study, CM pattern based indication finding, and CM pattern based network pharmacology in innovation of new drug discovery have been discussed.
基金supported by grants from Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.7202150)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(Grant No.2016-I2M-2-001)。
文摘Brain metastases(BMs)are the most common cause of intracranial neoplasms in adults with poor prognosis.Most BMs originate from lung cancer,breast cancer,or melanoma.Radiotherapy(RT),including whole brain radiotherapy(WBRT)and stereotactic radiation surgery(SRS),has been widely explored and is considered a mainstay anticancer treatment for BMs.Over the past decade,the advent of novel systemic therapies has revolutionized the treatment of BMs.In this context,there is a strong rationale for using a combination of treatments based on RT,with the aim of achieving both local disease control and extracranial disease control.This review focuses on describing the latest progress in RT as well as the synergistic effects of the optimal combinations of RT and systemic treatment modalities for BMs,to provide perspectives on current treatments.
