History of medicine is not addressed in medical schools in India,Nepal,and the Caribbean.The history of medicine in these areas include indigenous medical systems,the western medicine introduced by the colonial powers...History of medicine is not addressed in medical schools in India,Nepal,and the Caribbean.The history of medicine in these areas include indigenous medical systems,the western medicine introduced by the colonial powers,and the medical systems developed after independence or overthrow of feudalism.In the meantime,less attention has been paid to teaching"history of medicine".There are several advantages in teaching the history of medicine to medical students.Courses on the history of medicine can be offered both face-to-face and online.展开更多
Regarding subject librarian services for clinical studies, researchers outside China have been focusing on subject service performance,evidence-based medicine, and comprehensive consulting services. In contrast, Chine...Regarding subject librarian services for clinical studies, researchers outside China have been focusing on subject service performance,evidence-based medicine, and comprehensive consulting services. In contrast, Chinese researchers have concentrated on service systems and methods but have not established mature systems and methods for clinical surgery-oriented services. Therefore,subject librarians in medical schools should become involved in clinical research and expand their perspective on medical library research. In addition, they should collaborate with clinicians to improve the overall level of research in hospitals while increasing the impact of subject librarian services in medical colleges and schools.展开更多
Objective:To determine the timing of first aid training in the medical school curriculum and the training method with the 8-hour first aid training given to the first-grade students of the faculty of medicine.Method:T...Objective:To determine the timing of first aid training in the medical school curriculum and the training method with the 8-hour first aid training given to the first-grade students of the faculty of medicine.Method:The study was conducted prospectively with 168 first year medical students at Faculty of Medicine,Maltepe University in October 2019.An 8-hour course plan consisting of theoretical and practical applications was prepared.Theoretical courses included cardiopulmonary resuscitation,basic life supports,epileptic seizures,heatstroke,aspiration,and drowning issues,while practical applications included cardiopulmonary resuscitation techniques,basic life support scenarios,Heimlich’s Maneuver and the coma position.Students were sent a link consisting of 17 questions created with Google forms at the beginning and the end of the course.Learned knowledge was measured with the posttest,and pre-and post-training results were compared.Results:A significant increase was found in the rate of correct answers compared to the pre-training period.Even the rate of correct post-test answers increased significantly in all questions;the increase in the questions related to the subjects supported by practical applications was more remarkable.It was found that more incorrect answers were given to questions about environmental injuries.Conclusions:It is possible to improve the public recognition of first aid,even with one day of theoretical and practical training.Thus,adding first aid practical courses to the first-year medical school curriculum and raising awareness at an earlier age will play an essential role in medical education.展开更多
With a brief review of the ESP （English for Special Purpose） teaching in Medical Schools over the past 30 years, this paper elaborates on the changes and situation of English teaching and leaming in some Medical Sch...With a brief review of the ESP （English for Special Purpose） teaching in Medical Schools over the past 30 years, this paper elaborates on the changes and situation of English teaching and leaming in some Medical Schools. Through a survey which throws light on the importance of ESP, the paper analyzes the problems facing Medical Schools, such as materials suitable for medical students who want to cultivate their ability in listening, speaking, reading, writing and translating in their own field and teachers who are supposed to be qualified for medical English teaching, and then discusses the top priorities in these Medical Schools and examines what has been done and will be done in order to work out practicable approaches to meet the requirements of medical students.展开更多
Background: Back pain affects old and young adults, and it is a common complain among medical students. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of back pain and associated factors among medical students in Sudan. Method...Background: Back pain affects old and young adults, and it is a common complain among medical students. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of back pain and associated factors among medical students in Sudan. Method: An observational multi-universal cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2021 to February 2022, involving 433 medical students selected by simple random sampling. Data were collected by electronic Google Form questionnaire designed to assess demographic features, back pain characteristics, and triggering factors. Data analysis was done by statistical package for social sciences. Result: The prevalence of back pain among medical students in Sudan is 69.3%, with a statistically insignificant difference between preclinical and clinical students (p value: 0.378), and between male and female students (p value: 0.826). The lower back is the commonest site of pain (75%). The majority of the students experience moderate pain (53.9%). They did not use medications (81%). Sitting for long hours is the most common trigger (87.9%) and the pain did not interfere with the daily activities (71%). Conclusion: Back pain is a common complain among medical students in Sudan. Medical schools should raise the awareness of the students about back pain.展开更多
Oliver Wendell Holmes’1836 hand written doctorate dissertation on acute pericarditis was discovered in the archives of the Boston Medical Library 101 years after it was successfully defended.It was then printed as an...Oliver Wendell Holmes’1836 hand written doctorate dissertation on acute pericarditis was discovered in the archives of the Boston Medical Library 101 years after it was successfully defended.It was then printed as an unabridged monograph with an explanation of its provenance.The dissertation has received little scrutiny since then.Holmes gathered materials for the scholarly work while he was a third and fourth year student at Ecole de Medecine in Paris.His mentor,Pierre-Charles-Alexandre-Louis insisted on the meticulous gathering and recording of every patient’s history and findings.Each category of data was given a weighted numerical value of diagnostic importance and the information was placed in a registry.Holmes became a disciple of Louis in gathering data by direct observation and measuring outcomes in a“statistical”fashion.Holmes dissertation on acute pericarditis describes the state of knowledge about the illness in the 1830s.When Holmes and other students who had studied in Paris returned to the United States,they helped turn American Medicine from opinion and strong personal bias toward scientific objectivity.Oliver Wendell Holmes eventually became both a professor of anatomy/physiology and a dean at Harvard Medical School.He is recognized as a leader in medicine and a popular author in America and beyond.In his late and infirmed years,Holmes questioned the wisdom of his unswerving advocacy for the scientific underpinnings of medicine.In retrospect he had overlooked the importance of also advocating that each patient be approached with comforting compassion.展开更多
Based on archival materials discovered in America,Britain,and China,this paper carefully examines the history of the short-lived and completely overlooked Department of Physics in the Premedical School of Peking Union...Based on archival materials discovered in America,Britain,and China,this paper carefully examines the history of the short-lived and completely overlooked Department of Physics in the Premedical School of Peking Union Medical College(PUMC),and uncovers this department’s extensive interconnections with its counterpart at Yenching University.This project also looks into the Master of Science(MS)program in the Department of Physics at Yenching University,which,founded in 1927,was the first graduate program in physics in China.It was this MS program that transformed the Yenching Department from a largely premedical training center serving the PUMC into a prominent cradle of Chinese physics research.This Yenching Department,despite its small faculty and brief existence,nurtured many eminent Chinese physicists,such as Chao-Ying Meng孟昭英,Wen-Yu Chang张文裕,Ming-Chen Wang王明贞,Chia-Liu Luke Yuan袁家骝,Cheng-Shu Wang(Chang)王承书,Ho-Fu Lu卢鹤绂,Ting-Sui Ke葛庭燧,Kun Huang黄昆,and Chia-Lin Hsieh谢家麟.It would have been impossible to achieve these outstanding accomplishments without the effective leadership and pioneering work of C.H.Corbett,P.A.Anderson,Y.M.Hsieh,and W.Band—the first four Department Chairs—in combination with relatively abundant private funding,mostly from America,and extensive educational connections with Western institutions.This paper not only introduces in detail these four department heads and their contributions,but also discloses the unique role played by the Rockefeller Foundation via the China Medical Board and the PUMC in the development of the Yenching Department of Physics.展开更多
Purpose:This study compares doctor staffing level and the scale of medical education in China with those of other countries and proposes policy recommendations for future adjustments to the scale of China's medica...Purpose:This study compares doctor staffing level and the scale of medical education in China with those of other countries and proposes policy recommendations for future adjustments to the scale of China's medical education.Design/Approach/Methods:This study employs a literature review and descriptive analysis.Findings:China had 1.98 medical doctors per 1,000 people in 2018,ranking 85th out of the 193 member-states of the World Health Organization(WHO).In 2017,China had I.99 practicing doctors per I,oo0 people,only ranking above Turkey(1.88)in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)countries.China had only 10.28 medical graduates per 100,000 people placing in the bottom third of OECD countries.China's provision of 1.4 medical schools per IO million people was also significantly lower than the global average(3.9).However,the average number of students enrolled in medical schools(509)in China was significantly higher than the global average(160).Originality/Value:Although the scale of admission in undergraduate medical education must be expanded in China,this needs to be achieved while controlling the average number of medical students per school and reducing enrollment in low-quality medical schools.Furthermore,it is necessary to establish new medical schools while improving the operating level of existing ones.展开更多
Preventive medicine has been incorporated in the medical school curriculum, but its effectiveness and the factors that affect it are yet to be widely looked into in the context of Malaysia. We aimed to measure the fam...Preventive medicine has been incorporated in the medical school curriculum, but its effectiveness and the factors that affect it are yet to be widely looked into in the context of Malaysia. We aimed to measure the familiarity with, perception about the importance to learn, and the ability to practice preventive medicine as well as its determinants among the medical students in Malaysia. Thus, a cross sectional study was conducted through an anonymous online survey among 387 randomly selected final year medical students of four large public medical schools in Malaysia from March to September 2014. Of the total sample, 340 （response rate 87.8%） gave a written informed consent and took part in the survey. The familiarity of the sample with preventive medicine was measured in 19 preventive medicine areas, and their perception about the importance of preventive medicine and their ability to practice it were gauged on a Likert scale （low score indicates disagreement and high indicates agreement）. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed, followed by logistic regression. The mean age of the respondents was 23.7 （SD 0.77） years, and 61.2% （n = 208） of them were females. Results showed that 22.9% of the sample （n = 78） had a low familiarity with preventive medicine, whereas 76.8% （n = 261） had a high familiarity. The study sample specified that among all the preventive medicine subjects, screening and control as well as smoking cessation and immunization are ＂extremely important to learn.＂ In univariable analysis, being a female, medical school, family size, and perception about the importance to learn preventive medicine were associated with the ability to practice it. In multivariable analysis, the perception towards the importance to learn preventive medicine was the only significant determinant： aOR （adjusted odds ratio） for those who ＂agreed＂ 17.28 （95% CI aOR 4.44 - 67.26, P 〈 0.001） and for ＂strongly agreed＂ 35.87 （95% CI aOR 8.04 - 159.87, P 〈 0.001）. Considering these findings, the familiarity of medical students with preventive medicine should be increased. The perception about the importance to learn preventive medicine is a strong determinant for the ability to practice it.展开更多
Objective: To study the altering rule of coagulation function at molecular level in patients with secondary brain injury (SBI). Methods: Tissue factor (TF) and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) were studied in 32...Objective: To study the altering rule of coagulation function at molecular level in patients with secondary brain injury (SBI). Methods: Tissue factor (TF) and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) were studied in 32 patients 1, 2, 3 and 7 days after craniocerebral injury. Repeated cranial CT scans and platelet counts were made simultaneously. Same measurements were done in 30 normal adults except CT scan. Results: No obvious difference was found in age, sex and platelet count between the injured and the normal groups. TFPI/TF decreased markedly in the first week after injury in patients with SBI, but only decreased on the 7th day in the patients without obvious SBI. For the patients who developed delayed intracranial hematoma (DIH) or hematoma enlargement, TF rose only 1 and 2 days after injury, but TFPI had a tendency to rise again after a fall on the 3rd day. For those patients who developed no DIH, TF rose all the time within the 1st week. Conclusions: Decrease of TFPI/TF for a long time, especially within 3 days after injury, may be one of the most important reasons for SBI. High expression of TF for a relative short time and increase of TFPI after a fall within 3 days may be one of the important reasons for DIH or hematoma enlargement.展开更多
文摘History of medicine is not addressed in medical schools in India,Nepal,and the Caribbean.The history of medicine in these areas include indigenous medical systems,the western medicine introduced by the colonial powers,and the medical systems developed after independence or overthrow of feudalism.In the meantime,less attention has been paid to teaching"history of medicine".There are several advantages in teaching the history of medicine to medical students.Courses on the history of medicine can be offered both face-to-face and online.
基金supported by 2016 Shanxi Medical University Youth Fund(No.02201640)
文摘Regarding subject librarian services for clinical studies, researchers outside China have been focusing on subject service performance,evidence-based medicine, and comprehensive consulting services. In contrast, Chinese researchers have concentrated on service systems and methods but have not established mature systems and methods for clinical surgery-oriented services. Therefore,subject librarians in medical schools should become involved in clinical research and expand their perspective on medical library research. In addition, they should collaborate with clinicians to improve the overall level of research in hospitals while increasing the impact of subject librarian services in medical colleges and schools.
文摘Objective:To determine the timing of first aid training in the medical school curriculum and the training method with the 8-hour first aid training given to the first-grade students of the faculty of medicine.Method:The study was conducted prospectively with 168 first year medical students at Faculty of Medicine,Maltepe University in October 2019.An 8-hour course plan consisting of theoretical and practical applications was prepared.Theoretical courses included cardiopulmonary resuscitation,basic life supports,epileptic seizures,heatstroke,aspiration,and drowning issues,while practical applications included cardiopulmonary resuscitation techniques,basic life support scenarios,Heimlich’s Maneuver and the coma position.Students were sent a link consisting of 17 questions created with Google forms at the beginning and the end of the course.Learned knowledge was measured with the posttest,and pre-and post-training results were compared.Results:A significant increase was found in the rate of correct answers compared to the pre-training period.Even the rate of correct post-test answers increased significantly in all questions;the increase in the questions related to the subjects supported by practical applications was more remarkable.It was found that more incorrect answers were given to questions about environmental injuries.Conclusions:It is possible to improve the public recognition of first aid,even with one day of theoretical and practical training.Thus,adding first aid practical courses to the first-year medical school curriculum and raising awareness at an earlier age will play an essential role in medical education.
文摘With a brief review of the ESP （English for Special Purpose） teaching in Medical Schools over the past 30 years, this paper elaborates on the changes and situation of English teaching and leaming in some Medical Schools. Through a survey which throws light on the importance of ESP, the paper analyzes the problems facing Medical Schools, such as materials suitable for medical students who want to cultivate their ability in listening, speaking, reading, writing and translating in their own field and teachers who are supposed to be qualified for medical English teaching, and then discusses the top priorities in these Medical Schools and examines what has been done and will be done in order to work out practicable approaches to meet the requirements of medical students.
文摘Background: Back pain affects old and young adults, and it is a common complain among medical students. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of back pain and associated factors among medical students in Sudan. Method: An observational multi-universal cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2021 to February 2022, involving 433 medical students selected by simple random sampling. Data were collected by electronic Google Form questionnaire designed to assess demographic features, back pain characteristics, and triggering factors. Data analysis was done by statistical package for social sciences. Result: The prevalence of back pain among medical students in Sudan is 69.3%, with a statistically insignificant difference between preclinical and clinical students (p value: 0.378), and between male and female students (p value: 0.826). The lower back is the commonest site of pain (75%). The majority of the students experience moderate pain (53.9%). They did not use medications (81%). Sitting for long hours is the most common trigger (87.9%) and the pain did not interfere with the daily activities (71%). Conclusion: Back pain is a common complain among medical students in Sudan. Medical schools should raise the awareness of the students about back pain.
文摘Oliver Wendell Holmes’1836 hand written doctorate dissertation on acute pericarditis was discovered in the archives of the Boston Medical Library 101 years after it was successfully defended.It was then printed as an unabridged monograph with an explanation of its provenance.The dissertation has received little scrutiny since then.Holmes gathered materials for the scholarly work while he was a third and fourth year student at Ecole de Medecine in Paris.His mentor,Pierre-Charles-Alexandre-Louis insisted on the meticulous gathering and recording of every patient’s history and findings.Each category of data was given a weighted numerical value of diagnostic importance and the information was placed in a registry.Holmes became a disciple of Louis in gathering data by direct observation and measuring outcomes in a“statistical”fashion.Holmes dissertation on acute pericarditis describes the state of knowledge about the illness in the 1830s.When Holmes and other students who had studied in Paris returned to the United States,they helped turn American Medicine from opinion and strong personal bias toward scientific objectivity.Oliver Wendell Holmes eventually became both a professor of anatomy/physiology and a dean at Harvard Medical School.He is recognized as a leader in medicine and a popular author in America and beyond.In his late and infirmed years,Holmes questioned the wisdom of his unswerving advocacy for the scientific underpinnings of medicine.In retrospect he had overlooked the importance of also advocating that each patient be approached with comforting compassion.
文摘Based on archival materials discovered in America,Britain,and China,this paper carefully examines the history of the short-lived and completely overlooked Department of Physics in the Premedical School of Peking Union Medical College(PUMC),and uncovers this department’s extensive interconnections with its counterpart at Yenching University.This project also looks into the Master of Science(MS)program in the Department of Physics at Yenching University,which,founded in 1927,was the first graduate program in physics in China.It was this MS program that transformed the Yenching Department from a largely premedical training center serving the PUMC into a prominent cradle of Chinese physics research.This Yenching Department,despite its small faculty and brief existence,nurtured many eminent Chinese physicists,such as Chao-Ying Meng孟昭英,Wen-Yu Chang张文裕,Ming-Chen Wang王明贞,Chia-Liu Luke Yuan袁家骝,Cheng-Shu Wang(Chang)王承书,Ho-Fu Lu卢鹤绂,Ting-Sui Ke葛庭燧,Kun Huang黄昆,and Chia-Lin Hsieh谢家麟.It would have been impossible to achieve these outstanding accomplishments without the effective leadership and pioneering work of C.H.Corbett,P.A.Anderson,Y.M.Hsieh,and W.Band—the first four Department Chairs—in combination with relatively abundant private funding,mostly from America,and extensive educational connections with Western institutions.This paper not only introduces in detail these four department heads and their contributions,but also discloses the unique role played by the Rockefeller Foundation via the China Medical Board and the PUMC in the development of the Yenching Department of Physics.
基金This work was supported by the Department of Scientific and Technological Education,National Health Commission of China(grant number N/A).
文摘Purpose:This study compares doctor staffing level and the scale of medical education in China with those of other countries and proposes policy recommendations for future adjustments to the scale of China's medical education.Design/Approach/Methods:This study employs a literature review and descriptive analysis.Findings:China had 1.98 medical doctors per 1,000 people in 2018,ranking 85th out of the 193 member-states of the World Health Organization(WHO).In 2017,China had I.99 practicing doctors per I,oo0 people,only ranking above Turkey(1.88)in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)countries.China had only 10.28 medical graduates per 100,000 people placing in the bottom third of OECD countries.China's provision of 1.4 medical schools per IO million people was also significantly lower than the global average(3.9).However,the average number of students enrolled in medical schools(509)in China was significantly higher than the global average(160).Originality/Value:Although the scale of admission in undergraduate medical education must be expanded in China,this needs to be achieved while controlling the average number of medical students per school and reducing enrollment in low-quality medical schools.Furthermore,it is necessary to establish new medical schools while improving the operating level of existing ones.
文摘Preventive medicine has been incorporated in the medical school curriculum, but its effectiveness and the factors that affect it are yet to be widely looked into in the context of Malaysia. We aimed to measure the familiarity with, perception about the importance to learn, and the ability to practice preventive medicine as well as its determinants among the medical students in Malaysia. Thus, a cross sectional study was conducted through an anonymous online survey among 387 randomly selected final year medical students of four large public medical schools in Malaysia from March to September 2014. Of the total sample, 340 （response rate 87.8%） gave a written informed consent and took part in the survey. The familiarity of the sample with preventive medicine was measured in 19 preventive medicine areas, and their perception about the importance of preventive medicine and their ability to practice it were gauged on a Likert scale （low score indicates disagreement and high indicates agreement）. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed, followed by logistic regression. The mean age of the respondents was 23.7 （SD 0.77） years, and 61.2% （n = 208） of them were females. Results showed that 22.9% of the sample （n = 78） had a low familiarity with preventive medicine, whereas 76.8% （n = 261） had a high familiarity. The study sample specified that among all the preventive medicine subjects, screening and control as well as smoking cessation and immunization are ＂extremely important to learn.＂ In univariable analysis, being a female, medical school, family size, and perception about the importance to learn preventive medicine were associated with the ability to practice it. In multivariable analysis, the perception towards the importance to learn preventive medicine was the only significant determinant： aOR （adjusted odds ratio） for those who ＂agreed＂ 17.28 （95% CI aOR 4.44 - 67.26, P 〈 0.001） and for ＂strongly agreed＂ 35.87 （95% CI aOR 8.04 - 159.87, P 〈 0.001）. Considering these findings, the familiarity of medical students with preventive medicine should be increased. The perception about the importance to learn preventive medicine is a strong determinant for the ability to practice it.
文摘Objective: To study the altering rule of coagulation function at molecular level in patients with secondary brain injury (SBI). Methods: Tissue factor (TF) and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) were studied in 32 patients 1, 2, 3 and 7 days after craniocerebral injury. Repeated cranial CT scans and platelet counts were made simultaneously. Same measurements were done in 30 normal adults except CT scan. Results: No obvious difference was found in age, sex and platelet count between the injured and the normal groups. TFPI/TF decreased markedly in the first week after injury in patients with SBI, but only decreased on the 7th day in the patients without obvious SBI. For the patients who developed delayed intracranial hematoma (DIH) or hematoma enlargement, TF rose only 1 and 2 days after injury, but TFPI had a tendency to rise again after a fall on the 3rd day. For those patients who developed no DIH, TF rose all the time within the 1st week. Conclusions: Decrease of TFPI/TF for a long time, especially within 3 days after injury, may be one of the most important reasons for SBI. High expression of TF for a relative short time and increase of TFPI after a fall within 3 days may be one of the important reasons for DIH or hematoma enlargement.
