Functional Confirmation Using a Medical X-Ray System of a Semiconductor Survey Meter

In recent years, semiconductor survey meters have been developed and are in increasing demand worldwide. This study determined if it is possible to use the X-ray system installed in each medical facility to calculate the time constant of a semiconductor survey meter and confirm the meter’s function. An additional filter was attached to the medical X-ray system to satisfy the standards of N-60 to N-120, more copper plates were added as needed, and the first and second half-value layers were calculated to enable comparisons of the facility’s X-ray system quality with the N-60 to N-120 quality values. Next, we used a medical X-ray system to measure the leakage dose and calculate the time constant of the survey meter. The functionality of the meter was then checked and compared with the energy characteristics of the meter. The experimental results showed that it was possible to use a medical X-ray system to reproduce the N-60 to N-120 radiation quality values and to calculate the time constant from the measured results, assuming actual leakage dosimetry for that radiation quality. We also found that the calibration factor was equivalent to that of the energy characteristics of the survey meter.

Interest of Systematic Chest Radiography during Periodic Medical Visits in Workers

Background: Systematic chest X-ray is the most prescribed examination by occupational physicians during periodic medical check-ups in our context, unlike in most countries where this practice has been discontinued. Objective: The objective was to determine the diagnostic yield and cost-effectiveness of chest radiography during periodic medical check-ups of workers in Ngaoundere. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out in Ngaoundere Regional Hospital from January to December 2018, concerning all persons coming to perform a systematic chest X-ray in the context of the periodic medical check-up having been consented to participate in the study. Posteroanterior (PA) chest radiographs were obtained from all workers during this periodic medical check-up. The variables studied were: age, sex, clinical manifestations, antecedents, job type, cost, and chest X-ray results. Statistical analysis was performed using the Sphinx Plus2-Lexica-V5 Edition software. Results: 753 workers were selected for this study, of whom 88.04% were men and 11.96% were women, a sex ratio H/F is of 7.4, the average age was 39 ± 7.89 years with extremes of 24 and 56 years, the most frequent job type was the administration (38.37%), the storekeepers (17.92) and the drivers (15.27%), most of them were asymptomatic (97.47%), some had cough (2.52%), chest pain (2.12%), dyspnea (0.26%) and fever (0.13%). History was dominated by lung infection (2.39%), pleurisy (1.06%) and tuberculosis (0.79%). 7.43% of workers occasionally smoked tobacco and consumed alcohol. 41 cases of pathologies (5.44%) were found on the chest X-ray, including 1 case (0.13%) of evolutionary pathology, 40 cases (5.31%) of sequelae pathologies. When the results of the chest X-ray are compared with the clinical signs and the pathological history of the workers, it is found that the only case with evolutionary abnormalities on the chest X-ray showed clinical signs and that the other cases with sequelae abnormalities had either clinical signs or antecedents related to these abnormalities. The cost of a chest X-ray at the time of our study was 5,000 FCFA ($8.59), for a total of 3,765,000 FCFA ($6473.74) for all the X-rays performed. Conclusion: In view of the low rate of abnormalities on the chest X-ray and the sequelae nature of the pathologies, it can be said that the routine X-ray of the chest during the periodic medical check-ups has a low diagnostic yield and a low cost-effectiveness ratio and is not profitable. It should be non-systematic and case-by-case based on the clinical context and background of workers.

Issues concerning Migrant Workers' Participation in the New Rural Cooperative Medical System and Countermeasures——Based on the Survey in Wenjiang District and Jintang County, Chengdu City

We conduct questionnaire survey of migrant workers in Wenjiang District and Jintang County of Chengdu City,respectively,using the method of key-point investigation and the sampling survey. We describe the status quo of the sample migrant workers' participation in the New Rural Cooperative Medical System,analyze the issues concerning migrant workers' participation in the New Rural Cooperative Medical System,and put forward the countermeasures and recommendations as follows: using many types of medical insurance; establishing universal reimbursement points in strange land and premium-paying system for migrant workers; making the proportion of reimbursement open and transparent; establishing and improving medicare security system for migrant workers.

Research on social medical insurance of migrant workers --A case of Suqian city in Jiangsu province

City migrant workers, as one part of the city＇s development, economic development and other aspects of urban to make a great contribution, but the delay with the local residents do not enjoy the same level of medical care treatment is always blocked in outside the city＇s health care system, have less relevant departments, there is no practical system introduced regulations and policies, these things tell us to pay attention to the people, and the introduction of appropriate medical insurance of migrant workers possibly things, and timely medical security system of such groups and the local people medical protection for long support. Make medical insurance system can cities try it＇s best to help foreign workers Medicare, Medicare for the development of China has made a modest contribution.

Analysis of Health Workers’ Perceptions on Medical Waste Management in Tanzanian Hospitals

This paper presents the perceptions of health workers (HWs) on medical waste management (MWM) issues in Tanzanian hospitals. The perceived total waste generation rates were lower than the actual measurements. Administrators perceived lower rates than implementers. The results indicated three categories of medical waste which are given due attention, that is, sharps waste, pathological and infectious waste. Other wastes like radioactive, chemical, pharmaceutical, pressurized containers receive very little attention. Container colour coding and labelling was negligible, while improvised containers are still in use. Medical waste is transported within hospitals manually, with little efforts on mechanized transportation. Poor waste storage was observed, while the prominent medical waste treatment technologies are medium temperature incinerators. Off-site transportation of medical waste is practiced, where the waste is finally dumped or buried. The hospitals are currently utilizing public-private partnership schemes for MWM in only one aspect of off-site transportation. Three main problems which require high attention include: Weaknesses in hospital management, poor MWM infrastructure, and lack of skills and knowledge on MWM among HWs. Knowledge and awareness among HWs on health hazards associated with poor MWM is low (with exception of cholera, HIV and typhoid). Few PPE types are supplied and used in the hospitals, leading to poor diseases prevention. There is also low knowledge among HWs on administrative issues related to MWM in Tanzanian hospitals.

Investigation and Countermeasures of Medical Staff’s Demand for Nursing Workers in Chifeng

In order to understand the current demand of the medical staffs for nursing workers in Chifeng and to explore the practical management mode of nursing workers,150 doctors and nurses were randomly selected from general tertiary hospitals in Chifeng to participate in a questionnaire survey.The objective of this study was to investigate the demand of nursing workers in tertiary hospitals in Chifeng and the satisfaction of medical staffs toward the existing nursing work.The results of the investigation were analyzed to provide countermeasures and suggestions for the nursing work in Chifeng.

Non-equilibrium Analysis of Migrant Workers ' Medical Insurance System under the Background of Citizenization

The participation of migrant workers in medical insurance of urban workers is a formal institutional arrangement. However,in reality,the insurance participation rate of migrant workers is low and the medical insurance taken by the migrant workers is not sufficient,which seriously hinders the process of the citizenization of migrant workers. The main reason lies in the unbalanced supply and demand of the current system. With the continuous advancement of the citizenization process,the rural migrant workers' demand for medical insurance has changed.However,our research found that the supply of medical insurance system for migrant workers is seriously inadequate,the system and the institutional environment are disconnected,the internal contradictions of the system are increasing,and a large amount of potential profits are accumulated under the current system. Potential profit is the motive force to promote institutional innovation and promote the reform of current system to strike a balance.

Efficient Deep-Learning-Based Autoencoder Denoising Approach for Medical Image Diagnosis

Effective medical diagnosis is dramatically expensive,especially in third-world countries.One of the common diseases is pneumonia,and because of the remarkable similarity between its types and the limited number of medical images for recent diseases related to pneumonia,themedical diagnosis of these diseases is a significant challenge.Hence,transfer learning represents a promising solution in transferring knowledge from generic tasks to specific tasks.Unfortunately,experimentation and utilization of different models of transfer learning do not achieve satisfactory results.In this study,we suggest the implementation of an automatic detectionmodel,namelyCADTra,to efficiently diagnose pneumonia-related diseases.This model is based on classification,denoising autoencoder,and transfer learning.Firstly,pre-processing is employed to prepare the medical images.It depends on an autoencoder denoising(AD)algorithm with a modified loss function depending on a Gaussian distribution for decoder output to maximize the chances for recovering inputs and clearly demonstrate their features,in order to improve the diagnosis process.Then,classification is performed using a transfer learning model and a four-layer convolution neural network(FCNN)to detect pneumonia.The proposed model supports binary classification of chest computed tomography(CT)images and multi-class classification of chest X-ray images.Finally,a comparative study is introduced for the classification performance with and without the denoising process.The proposed model achieves precisions of 98%and 99%for binary classification and multi-class classification,respectively,with the different ratios for training and testing.To demonstrate the efficiency and superiority of the proposed CADTra model,it is compared with some recent state-of-the-art CNN models.The achieved outcomes prove that the suggested model can help radiologists to detect pneumonia-related diseases and improve the diagnostic efficiency compared to the existing diagnosis models.

Medical assistance in fighting against COVID-19 in Wuhan,China:A frontline nurse’s experience and lessons learned

This article shared personal experiences of encountering challenges during the work at the frontline fighting against COVID-19 in Wuhan,China,and found solutions and suggestions to overcome the challenges during the period,including solutions to address challenges encountered during work,suggestions for smooth communication among different parties,and suggestions for optimizing work regulations and workflow and establishing behavior habits and professional knowledge and practices.These experiences would be helpful for health‑care workers to fight against the pandemic.

Metal-Halide Perovskite Submicrometer-Thick Films for Ultra-Stable Self-Powered Direct X-Ray Detectors

Metal-halide perovskites are revolutionizing the world of X-ray detectors,due to the development of sensitive,fast,and cost-effective devices.Self-powered operation,ensuring portability and low power consumption,has also been recently demonstrated in both bulk materials and thin films.However,the signal stability and repeatability under continuous X-ray exposure has only been tested up to a few hours,often reporting degradation of the detection performance.Here it is shown that self-powered direct X-ray detectors,fabricated starting from a FAPbBr_(3)submicrometer-thick film deposition onto a mesoporous TiO_(2)scaffold,can withstand a 26-day uninterrupted X-ray exposure with negligible signal loss,demonstrating ultra-high operational stability and excellent repeatability.No structural modification is observed after irradiation with a total ionizing dose of almost 200 Gy,revealing an unexpectedly high radiation hardness for a metal-halide perovskite thin film.In addition,trap-assisted photoconductive gain enabled the device to achieve a record bulk sensitivity of 7.28 C Gy^(−1)cm^(−3)at 0 V,an unprecedented value in the field of thin-film-based photoconductors and photodiodes for“hard”X-rays.Finally,prototypal validation under the X-ray beam produced by a medical linear accelerator for cancer treatment is also introduced.

An Assessment of Both Patients and Medical Staff Awareness of the Risks of Ionizing Radiation from CT Scan in Cameroon

Objectives: To assess the patients and health personnel’s level of awareness on risks related to ionizing radiation during CT scan. Materials and methods: Three questionnaires were addressed to patients, prescribing physicians, and the medical imaging staff for three hospitals respectively. This permitted us to assess their knowledge on the benefits and risks of the required medical exam, based on the dangers of being exposed to X-rays, especially induced-radiation cancer following the amount of X-rays received during a CT scan and the possibility of not receiving radiation as tools of diagnosis. Results: 150 patients, 84 referring doctors of CT scan tests and 60 medical imaging personnel were retained. For patients, only 7.1% received information on the benefits and risks of their exams, and 34.4% believed that x-rays were harmful to their health. For the prescribers, 46.7% took into account the benefits/risk ratio before prescribing a test and only 16.7% of the referring doctors have informed the patient of the risks related to X-ray. 90% of the medical imaging staff ensures that the required test is justified, and 50% informed the patient on the risks associated with their radiation exposure, and the increased risk of developing cancer. 65% of the imaging staff could not estimate the dose that the patient will receive during the medical test. 25% mentioned the dose received during the acquisition in the patient’s exam report. Conclusion: This study confirms that the referring doctors, the patients, and the radiologists have a low knowledge concerning the risks associated with radiation exposure during a CT scan assessment. We will therefore say that patients and prescribers are not aware of the doses of radiation on CT and their possible risks, even though there is a risk of developing cancer.

建设健康社会的催化剂:健康社会工作者与全科医生在基层的合作

以“健康中国”战略为导向,从优势互补专业知识、共同连接医院社区、拓展研究社会健康三个方面去探讨健康社会工作者与全科医生在基层卫生环境中的合作价值,尤其在完善公共卫生应急体系和构建医联体上,健康社会工作者与全科医生的合作可以发挥必不可少的作用,能有效推动健康社会的建设进程。同时文章也指明了目前健康社会工作面临的主要挑战,并提出相应的对策。

Covid-19 Detection from Chest X-Ray Images Using Advanced Deep Learning Techniques

Like the Covid-19 pandemic,smallpox virus infection broke out in the last century,wherein 500 million deaths were reported along with enormous economic loss.But unlike smallpox,the Covid-19 recorded a low exponential infection rate and mortality rate due to advancement inmedical aid and diagnostics.Data analytics,machine learning,and automation techniques can help in early diagnostics and supporting treatments of many reported patients.This paper proposes a robust and efficient methodology for the early detection of COVID-19 from Chest X-Ray scans utilizing enhanced deep learning techniques.Our study suggests that using the Prediction and Deconvolutional Modules in combination with the SSD architecture can improve the performance of the model trained at this task.We used a publicly open CXR image dataset and implemented the detectionmodelwith task-specific pre-processing and near 80:20 split.This achieved a competitive specificity of 0.9474 and a sensibility/accuracy of 0.9597,which shall help better decision-making for various aspects of identification and treat the infection.

医务社工在白血病患儿管理中的角色与任务

儿童白血病的诊断和治疗给患儿及其家庭带来严重的心理和社会压力。医务社工通过提供日常教育、心理支持和社会资源等措施,在改善患儿的生活质量和社会适应能力中起重要作用。然而,医务社工在实际工作中面临人力资源短缺、专业能力不足、管理体制不完善、社会认同度低以及跨部门合作欠缺等问题。针对这些问题,提出了一系列对策和建议,包括优化政策支持、完善培训机制、改进管理制度、强化媒体宣传和促进社会协作,以推动医务社工在白血病儿童管理中的专业化发展,提升其服务质量。

“双工联动”协作模式在医院服务中的应用探析

随着我国经济的不断发展,人民对医疗服务质量要求不断提高,医学人文关怀逐渐被强化。在此背景下,医务社工与志愿者联动的“双工联动”模式应运而生。本文介绍了“双工联动”模式的国内发展现状,阐述了其优势,列举了其在医院服务中的应用,包括门急诊导医、住院病房服务、临终关怀和社区居民志愿服务等,并提出进一步优化招募培训体系、健全管理制度、建立智慧管理系统、完善志愿者保障机制等方面的建议。以推动医学人文服务持续健康发展,助力“健康中国”战略实施。

2009—2018年广西公立医疗机构放射作业人员职业健康检查结果分析

目的分析2009—2018年广西壮族自治区(以下简称广西)公立医疗机构放射作业人员职业健康检查情况,为制订相应的职业健康管理措施及职业健康防护提供依据。方法收集2009—2018年9259名广西公立医疗机构放射作业人员的职业健康检查结果,比较不同性别、年龄、工龄、工种的放射作业人员各项体检结果情况。结果广西公立医疗机构放射作业人员职业健康检查中腹部B超异常、晶状体混浊、尿常规异常发生率较高;男性放射作业人员的血压异常率、肝功能异常率、腹部B超异常率、肾功能异常率高于女性,血常规异常率、尿常规异常率、甲状腺异常率低于女性(P<0.05);不同年龄放射作业人员的血压异常率、晶状体混浊率、染色体畸变率、肝功能异常率、腹部B超异常率、肾功能异常率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),不同工龄放射作业人员的血压异常率、晶状体混浊、染色体畸变率、肝功能异常率、腹部B超异常率、尿常规异常率、肾功能异常率、甲状腺异常率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中,血压异常率、晶状体混浊率、腹部B超异常率随着年龄、工龄的增加而增加;不同工种放射作业人员晶状体混浊率、腹部B超异常率、尿常规异常率、甲状腺异常率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论广西地区公立医疗机构放射作业人员健康检查结果中男性多项指标的异常率高于女性,血压异常率、晶状体混浊率、腹部B超异常率随着年龄、工龄的增加而呈上升趋势。相关部门应对不同工种人员进行有针对性的防护意识培训及作业风险评估,切实保护放射工作人员的职业健康。

湖北省医疗机构护工队伍建设现状调查

目的调查湖北省医疗机构护工队伍建设现状,以促进护工行业的规范化发展。方法2023年8-9月,以便利抽样方法,抽取湖北省17个地市州医疗机构的护理管理者及护工,采用由中华护理学会决策咨询工作委员会编制的医疗机构调查问卷及护工调查问卷进行调查。结果有效调查1398所医疗机构,其中仅395所医疗机构配备有护工。护工队伍人员结构以女性、年龄≥50岁、初中及以下文化程度、<5年工作年限为主;工作模式偏向一对一服务、24 h制、非固定休息;应聘渠道主要为通过他人介绍,以患者自聘和社会化管理为主;管理机构主要是第三方中介公司(62.62%);培训覆盖率达78.27%,以岗前一次性培训为主,考核率为49.62%;薪资水平以2000~5000元为主;53.78%的护工没有缴纳或由自己缴纳保险;近60%的医疗机构对护工服务态度及服务质量满意。结论医疗机构的护工管理制度待完善,人员结构待调控,协调机制待优化,队伍建设续航能力待保障,劳动保障待健全。有必要建立护工管理体系,统一准入标准,构建科学化工作模式,创新培训与考核制度,构建科学合理的劳动保障制度,以促进优质护理服务。

医疗保险提高灵活就业人员幸福感了吗?——来自CLDS数据的证据

医疗保险作为我国社会保障制度的一项重要内容,能否提升灵活就业人员的幸福感是检验其效用的重要标尺之一。基于2018年的中国劳动力动态调查(CLDS)数据,运用普通最小二乘(OLS)研究医疗保险对灵活就业人员幸福感的影响,研究结果显示:基本医疗保险显著提升了灵活就业人员的幸福感,医疗保险对不同收入、年龄、家庭规模的灵活就业人员幸福感的影响呈现一定的异质性。为了更好地发挥医疗保险的功能、提升灵活就业人员的幸福感,政府应鼓励参保,适当降低缴费比例,加强医疗保险政策的宣传和解读。