The Pathway of China’s Integrated Delivery System:Based on the Analysis of the Medical Consortium Policies

With the deepening of China’s health-care reform,an integrated delivery system has gradually emerged with the function of improving the efficiency of the health-care delivery system.For China’s integrated delivery system,a medical consortium plays an important role in integrating public hospitals and primary care facilities.The first medical consortium policy issued after the COVID-19 pandemic apparently placed hope on accelerating the implementation of a medical consortium and tiered health-care delivery system.This paper illustrates the possible future pathway of China’s medical consortium through retrospection of the 10-year process,changes of the series of policies,and characteristics of the policy issued in 2020.We considered that a fully integrated medical consortium would be a major phenomenon in China's medical industry,which would lead to the formation of a dualistic care pattern in China.

Modernization of Medical Traditions:Indian and Chinese Approaches to Health and Well‑being

The provisioning of health and well-being for every human being on the planet calls for a rethink of conventional medical practices.In both the developed as well as developing world contexts,there is a growing need to rejuvenate alternative medical systems,but they have to be modernized to have cross-cultural appeal and acceptance.This paper explores the clash between Western medicine and Indian traditional medicine in 19th century colonial India which offers a historical precedent that could hold key lessons to the spread of traditional medicine across the world.The paper argues that the British government used biomedicine as a political tool to dominate Indians and resistance from Indian practitioners of traditional systems of medicines(TSMs)was systematically put down through policy measures.However,it was the clash between the medical modalities that transformed Indian TSMs forever as systems such as Ayurveda(the science of life)and Yoga took on the challenge and modernized and continue to have global appeal.The paper compares Indian and Chinese medical systems and argues that similarities in theory and practice in two different historical contexts,19th century India and modern-day China,enable us to understand the relevance of modernization practices in our contemporary world.

Study on healthcare level and its relationship with medical radiation in China

Objective:To evaluate the health-care level(HCL),one of the most extensively used indicators to assess the level of medical exposure,and its influencing factors in China.Methods:Based on the data from the China Statistical Yearbook of the National Bureau of Statistics and other public documents,HCL was calculated in terms of the number of physicians per head of population throughout the country.Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the association of HCL with main socioeconomic factors,including population size,area,number of administrative divisions and gross domestic product(GDP).Results:Since 2015,there has been at least one physician for every 1,000 people in China on average.However,by 2019,there has yet been one physician for more than 1,000 people in each of two provinces.By 2020,there was at least one physician for every 1,000 people across all 31 provincial-level administrative districts(provinces).The population size and GDP were the influencing factors on HCL,with correlation coefficients of 0.416 and-0.583,respectively.Furthermore,a moderate correlation was found between HCL and the frequency of medical exposure(FME)to ionizing radiation(r=-0.620,P=0.028).Conclusion:There has been at least one physician for every 1,000 people since 2015,but there are great differ-ences between various provinces.HCL as an indicator to evaluate level of medical exposure is warranted further research in China.

药膳保健面条对免疫低下小鼠胸腺和脾脏系数的影响

目的:观察药膳保健面条对环磷酰胺免疫低下模型小鼠免疫器官指数的影响。方法:60只昆明种小鼠,雌雄各半,随机分为3组:正常对照组、模型组、药膳保健面条组。采用腹腔注射环磷酰胺法制作免疫功能低下小鼠模型,药膳保健面条组给予药膳保健面糊25 g(/kg.d),其余两组代以等体积的温开水,连续10 d后,测定胸腺、脾脏系数。结果:模型组小鼠的胸腺系数、睥脏系数显著低于正常对照组,药膳保健面条组小鼠胸腺、脾脏系数较模型组显著升高。结论:药膳保健面条可升高免疫低下小鼠的胸腺和脾脏系数,从而增强机体免疫功能。

A Community Health Service Architecture Based on the Internet of Things on Health-Care

In order to assure a real-time medical care for the elders who live alone or have a chronic disease and also to improve the responsiveness and quality of the community hospital, a community health service architecture was designed according to the Internet of Things on Health-Care. The users' body physiological and sports information can be collected intelligently by the health sensors at home and then the health information can be transmitted to the community health-care center through networks after information processing. The community doctors can provide a medical service on kinds of video, voice or email according to the users' process notes, test data and symptoms. Of course, doctors also can communicate and share their opinions with other specialist who is online. The key technology of this system is Internet of Things on Health-Care, which system can get users' health information actively and then make out intelligent decisions promptly and finally provide a more personal health service.

An analysis of the status of diagnostic radiology equipment in China

Objective:To analyze the current situation of diagnostic radiology equipment in Chinese mainland and to understand changes in the past 20 years,including gaps with other countries,in order to provide a scientific basis for the government to formulate relevant policies and regulations,and supplement Chinese data for international organizations.Methods:This survey adopted a uniformly designed questionnaire,which was completed by the investigators or the respondents.The survey was distributed to all medical institutions that provided diagnostic radiology services in 31 provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalities,excluding Hong Kong,Macao,Taiwan,and military,China.Results:The survey showed that in the past 20 years,the number of medical institutions and diagnostic radiology equipment per million population in China has increased substantially.Dental radiology equipment increased nine-fold,and mammography equipment and computed tomography scanners showed a nearly five-fold increase.The four types of diagnostic radiology equipment,general diagnostic,fluoroscopic,mammography,and computed tomography,were associated with the population.Dental radiology equipment and bone mineral densitometers were related only to the gross domestic product(GDP).A large gap remains in the diagnostic radiology equipment per million population between China and the equipment of health-care level(HCL)I countries.Conclusions:An imbalance in the number of units of diagnostic radiology equipment per million population was observed in the different regions,China.Various types of diagnostic radiology equipment,especially mammography equipment and computed tomography scanners,need to be deployed to meet the medical needs of different populations.