A cross-sectional study to assess medication safety,knowledge,attitude,and practices regarding nutrition and medication among pregnant women

Objective:To assess pregnant women's knowledge,attitude,and practice regarding nutrition and medication usage,analyse the prescribing pattern,and categorize them based on the Food and Drug Administration(FDA)guidelines.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted with 264 pregnant women in the obstetrics and gynaecology department of a tertiary care hospital from October 2022 to August 2023.A knowledge,attitude,and practice(KAP)questionnaire was prepared in English language by the researchers and validated by an expert panel consisting of 12 members.The validated questionnaire was then translated into regional languages,Kannada and Malayalam.The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed with test-retest method with a representative sample population of 30 subjects(10 subjects for each language).The subjects'knowledge,attitude,and practice were evaluated using the validated KAP questionnaire.The safety of the medication was assessed using the FDA drug safety classification for pregnancy.Results:The mean scores for nutritional and medication usage knowledge,attitude,and practice were 4.14±1.15,4.50±1.09,and 3.00±1.47,respectively.Among 30 prescribed medications,3 belong to category A(no risk in human studies),8 belong to category B(no risk in animal studies),18 belong to category C(risk cannot be ruled out)and 1 drug is not classified.A significant association was observed between medication knowledge and practice(r=0.159,P=0.010).Conclusions:Most of the study population knows the need to maintain good dietary and medication practices during pregnancy.Counselling pregnant women regarding diet and medication usage is crucial in maternal care.

Investigation on the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Oral Health among Medical College and University Undergraduate

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the status of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of oral health among medical undergraduate students, and provide reference for implementing oral health interventions. Methods: A total of 528 undergraduate students enrolled in Fuzhou Medical College from February 2023 to September 2023 were selected as the research subjects. Their oral health KAP were investigated, and the oral health behavior habits of different types of medical students were compared, and possible influencing factors were analyzed. Results: The total awareness rate of oral health knowledge among medical students is 77.0%, with an average score of 3.85 ± 1.16 points. The overall positive rate of oral health attitudes among medical students is 80.0%, with an average score of 3.19 ± 0.72 points. The total qualified rate of oral health behavior is 65.9%, with an average score of 4.61 ± 1.23 points. The scores of oral health knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among medical students are related to gender, major, smoking status, and oral health status. The frequency of brushing teeth in the female group was higher than that in the male group, while the habit of brushing teeth before bedtime and the frequency of timely replacement of toothbrushes when deformed were lower, with statistical significance (p 0.05). The frequency of timely replacement of toothbrushes varies among medical students from different majors, and the difference is statistically significant (p 0.05). People who have a habit of eating hot and cold food have a higher frequency of brushing their teeth every day, and the difference is statistically significant (p 0.05). Non smokers have a better habit of brushing their teeth before bedtime and a higher frequency of timely replacement when their toothbrush deforms, with a statistically significant difference (p 0.05). The frequency of using fluoride toothpaste or medicated toothpaste, having a habit of unilateral chewing, and timely replacement of toothbrushes when deformed in patients with existing oral problems is higher than that of those without oral problems, and the difference is statistically significant (p 0.05). Conclusion: The knowledge, attitude, and behavior of oral health among medical students in this school are above average. Students with different genders, dietary and smoking habits, and oral health status have different oral health behavioral habits. It is recommended to include oral health education in mandatory courses for various medical majors.

Knowledge Attitude and Practice towards Infection Control Measures amongst Medical Students in a Medical Teaching Tertiary Care Hospital

Introduction: Health care associated infections (HAIs) are likely to be the most common complication of hospital care. World Health Organization (WHO) estimates these infections to occur among 7% - 12% of the hospitalized patients globally, with more than 1.4 million people suffering from infectious complications acquired in the hospital at any time. Keeping this in mind, the present study was conducted to delineate the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) for the use of proper disinfection procedures among the final year undergraduate medical students in a tertiary care hospital and teaching institute. Methodology: Present study was conducted at Government Medical College, Surat, a tertiary care hospital and teaching institute. The participants who gave consent were provided with a pre-tested questionnaire that included several questions on knowledge attitude and practices on hospital acquired infections and its control practices. Analysis of the answers was done based on KAP score. Result: 80 students who consented were included in the study. 75% of the study population had correct knowledge about the most common health care associated infections (HAIs), being infection of venous access, urinary tract infection, respiratory infections and surgical site infections, based on their current knowledge on hospital acquired infections. Majority of study participants agreed with the fact that the inappropriate application of disinfection procedures increases the risk for a health care worker of either acquiring or transmitting a HAI from/to a patient. >90% participants had a good attitude towards risk of getting or transmitting any infectious disease by a Health care worker (HCW) while working and the utility of the application of disinfection procedures during work would reduce the rates of HAI. Practices of the students towards disinfection during performance of certain medical procedures ranged from 10% to 88% of the times showing poor practices of the medical students in following disinfection practices. Conclusion: In the present study the knowledge of medical students for the most common cause of hospital acquired infection was satisfactory. The overall attitude of the students was satisfactory as the mean score was 8. The practices of the students for the application of disinfection during performance of certain medical procedures were also satisfactory, although time to time training and tutorials of these students can help in increasing their knowledge, attitude and practices.

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) on Rheumatic Heart Disease among Senior Medical Students in Cameroon

Background: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is the commonest cause of valvular heart disease in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). The low cardiologist to patient ratio leaves a big challenge of RHD prevention and management to general practitioners in Cameroon. This makes it important to assess the aptitude of senior medical students who are doctors-to-be on RHD. This could thus give a base on which to increase awareness and decrease the burden of the disease. Therefore, we sort to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of senior medical students on rheumatic heart disease. General objective: To determine the level of knowledge, attitudes on rheumatic heart disease, and assess practices towards RHD and its prevention. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in four medical schools in Cameroon for a period of 3 months (from January 1st to April 1st, 2019). The senior medical students were recruited using a structured self-administered questionnaire and electronic forms. Data were entered into an excel spreadsheet and analysed with IBM SPSS version 25.0 for windows. The knowledge level was divided into tertiles (poor, moderate and good) while the attitudes and practices were divided into poor or good. Association to KAP was evaluated and Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: In total, 509 senior medical students (6th and 7th year) were recruited. The mean age was 24.6 (SD ± 1.7) with 53.2% of students in the 19 to 24 years-old range. There were more females (51.7%) and level 6 students (50.1%). Most of the students had moderate knowledge (58.2%), with good attitudes and practices on rheumatic heart disease and its prevention. One-quarter of the students had good knowledge, attitudes, and practices on rheumatic heart disease. Lecture on RHD, history of sore throat and study in faculty of health science (FHS) was associated with good knowledge, attitudes, and practices on RHD. Conclusion: Despite having most of the senior medical students (6th and 7th years) in Cameroon with moderate to good knowledge of RHD, only a third has an above-average knowledge. There is a modest knowledge of RHD that could be used as an important foundation upon which to build RHD educational programs to expand awareness and understanding. Every 1 in 4 senior medical students have good knowledge, attitude and practice on RHD.

Assessing the reasons for increase in self‑medication and control measures among student nurses in University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Edo State, Nigeria

Background:Self‑medication among student nurses is the use of medicines without doctor’s prescription.This practice is a global phenomenon and potential contributor to human resistance to most drugs,associated with different types of health challenges.Despite the high knowledge on the complication of self‑medication,studies showed that most student nurses still practice self‑medication.Aims:The aim of this study was to assess the reasons for increase in self‑medication and and find ways on how to curbing the menace among student nurses in the School of Nursing,University of Benin Teaching Hospital,Edo State,Nigeria.Materials and Methods:A descriptive cross‑sectional survey was conducted with stratified simple random sampling technique to select ninety student nurses from three different levels in the School of Nursing,University of Benin Teaching Hospital in Benin City,Edo State.A self‑structured questionnaire with open‑type and Likert‑type scale questions used as instrument to assess the reasons for increase in self‑medication and the possible control measures.Data collected were analyzed using tables,percentages,means,standard deviation,and t‑test for inferential statistics at 0.05 level of significance,through Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software.Results:The result showed the reasons for increase in self‑medication and how to reduce its occurrence.It also showed that the gender of the student nurses is statistically related to the reasons why they practice self‑medication(t=6.82,P≤0.001).Conclusion:Self‑medication can be reduced among student nurses by empowering the law enforcement agencies against self‑medication,improving the availability of essential and quality drugs in school clinics,and inclusion of all student nurses in National Health Insurance Scheme(NHIS)program,where they can enjoy the benefit of paying only 10%of the treatment charges.

Exploring the barriers of utilizing theoretical knowledge in clinical settings: A qualitative study

Objectives: Although effective performance in clinical settings requires the integration between theory and practice,there is a gap between theoretical knowledge as taught in the classroom and what the students experience in clinical settings.This study aimed to elicit and explore the barriers of utilizing theoretical knowledge in clinical settings.Methods: A qualitative study was adopted with a conventional content analysis approach.Fifteen nursing and paramedic's students,faculty members and experienced nursing staff participated in the study.Data were collected by semi-structured individual interviews until data saturation and concurrently analyzed via MAXQDA 10.Results: Five main categories emerged as barriers of utilizing theoretical knowledge in the clinical settings i.e.non-standard practices in clinical settings;lack of trust in clinical competence;lack of perceived professional support;insufficiencies in teaching and learning process;and differences between doing things in simulated and real clinical situations.Conclusion: Transferring theory into practice in a structured manner requires professional support in the workplace,trust and the opportunity for direct experience,using valid and up-to-date knowledge by clinical staff and bridging the simulated situations with real life scenarios.

Looking up Prescriptions to Treat Infectious Disease:Anti-epidemic Books of Medical Formularies and Epidemic Prevention and Control in the Qing Dynasty

Copying,compiling,publishing,disseminating,and referencing anti-epidemic books of medical formularies were common activities during the outbreak of epidemics in the Qing dynasty.Its emergence,motivated by epidemic disease again and again,was important component parts of epidemic prevention and control.They played a unique role as media on affairs such as treating patients suffering from infectious diseases,mobilizing peoples to make contributions to anti-epidemic activities,integrating and popularizing knowledge of epidemic prevention.Anti-epidemic books of medical formularies were important to link peoples,things,and substances related with epidemic prevention and control,and were a kind of motivation to actively deal with the infectious disease,control the epidemic,and maintain health.Compared to other common measures,anti-epidemic books of medical formularies participated in many prevention and control practices deeply,which actually built a low cost,spontaneous,dispersed and non-institutional system to respond to epidemic,and the system had characteristics of stronger conductibility,bigger coverage area,and better external benefits.

不同实习医务人员职业防护能力知信行现况调查

目的 对不同实习医务人员职业防护知信行能力进行横断面调查研究。方法 2021年3-9月采取方便整群抽样方法选取山东省2所医学院校正在临床实习的护士及医生进行职业防护知信行能力问卷调查,采取问卷星方式进行线上调查,共收集有效问卷452份,其中实习护士187名(本科64名、专科123名),实习医生265名(本科221名、专科44名)。应用SPSS25.0统计软件进行数据分析。结果 实习医务人员职业防护知识与防护态度、防护知识与防护行为总体分布比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同类别实习医务人员职业防护知识、态度、行为总体分布比较,差异均有统计学意义(H=33.733、29.158、28.740,P<0.001);专科实习医生与本科实习护士及专科实习护士职业防护知识5个维度、职业防护态度2个维护及职业防护行为4个维护的总体分布比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 管理者应加强对实习医务人员职业防护知识的培训,尤其是加强对实习医生职业防护能力的培训,从而降低其职业暴露发生率。

ICU护士医用粘胶相关性皮肤损伤知信行现状及培训需求

目的调查ICU护士医用粘胶相关性皮肤损伤(medical adhesive-related skin injury,MARSI)的知信行现状及培训需求,为推进相关培训及提升MARSI管理提供参考。方法采用MARSI知信行量表及自行设计MARSI培训需求调查表,选取济宁地区710名ICU护士进行线上调查。结果ICU护士MARSI知识、态度、行为维度得分率分别为58.53%、90.65%、78.87%,知信行总得分率为77.56%;不同学历、ICU工作年限、职称、职务在知识维度中、态度维度中和行为维度中差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);63.81%ICU护士认为目前MARSI专业培训不能满足现任工作需求,96.9%ICU护士有意愿参加MARSI专业培训。结论ICU护士MARSI知信行总体呈中等水平,亟待加强;护理管理者应建立ICU护士MARSI培训方案,完善MARSI干预策略,提高ICU护士预防MARSI的能力和水平。

手术室护士预防医疗器械相关压力性损伤知信行现状及影响因素分析

目的探究手术室护士预防医疗器械相关压力性损伤的知信行现状,并分析其影响因素。方法采用便利抽样和整群抽样结合的方法,于2022年8至12月选取浙江省内不同地区二级及以上医院的手术室护士620名为研究对象,采用自制的手术室护士医疗器械相关压力性损伤知信行量表进行横断面调查,采用多元线性回归分析手术室护士预防器械相关压力性损伤知信行的影响因素。结果问卷有效回收率99.84%。浙江省手术室护士预防医疗器械相关压力性损伤知信行总分为(76.90±26.15)分,知识维度得分为(34.82±10.34)分,信念态度维度得分为(13.69±4.72)分,行为维度得分为(28.39±10.49)分。回归分析结果显示,医院类型、职称是手术室护士预防器械相关压力性损伤知信行水平的主要影响因素(均P<0.001)。结论浙江省手术室护士预防医疗器械相关压力性损伤知信行水平较低,主要受医院类型、职称的影响。因此,管理者需要通过多种途径为护理人员进行相关知识的培训,提高其行为能力,以降低医疗器械相关性压力性损伤的发生。

我国医务人员头孢菌素类药物皮试知信行的调查研究

目的分析我国医疗机构医务人员对头孢菌素类药物皮试的知信行现状及其影响因素,为规范皮试相关医疗行为提供参考。方法采用自行设计的头孢菌素类药物皮试知信行问卷对我国医务人员进行调查。通过微信向全国医疗机构发放问卷二维码,被调查者采用匿名方式自愿参加。统计不同文化程度,工作岗位、职称医务人员的知识、态度、行为得分,应用Wilcoxon秩和检验、多元线性回归分析等方法分析其影响因素。结果30个省份205家医疗机构的873名医务人员参与调查。对头孢菌素类药物皮试知识(总分16分)、态度(总分20分)、行为(总分20分)得分分别为10(8,12)分,13(12,15)分和12(9,15)分。多元线性回归结果显示,文化程度、工作岗位和职称与知识、态度得分相关(P<0.05)。研究生比专科医务人员知识掌握情况好、态度积极;药师比医生、护士知识掌握情况好、态度积极;中级、高级比初级及以下职称医务人员知识掌握情况好、态度积极。知识水平与态度正相关(P<0.05)。性别、工作岗位和职称与行为得分相关(P<0.05)。女性比男性医务人员行为消极,护士比药师行为积极;高级比初级及以下职称医务人员行为积极。知识水平、态度与行为正相关(P<0.05),态度在知识对行为影响中的中介效应差异无统计学意义(P=0.085)。结论我国医疗机构医务人员头孢菌素类药物皮试知信行有待加强,应结合不同岗位、职称等方面的知信行差异,对医务人员开展培训,以提升知识水平、树立积极态度、规范皮试相关医疗行为。

模块式教学联合基于PACS的CBL教学法在医学影像学见习中的应用

目的探讨模块式教学联合基于数字化影像存储及传输系统(picture archiving and communication systems,PACS)的以案例为导向的教学法(case-based learning,CBL)在医学影像学见习教学中的应用价值。方法2022年9—12月,选择中南大学湘雅二医院学习的2019级五年制临床医学133名学生作为研究对象,按学号顺序分组,试验组66名,采用基于PACS系统的CBL联合模块教学模式。对照组67名,采用传统多媒体幻灯片(powerpoint,PPT)面授式教学方法,通过专业考核和问卷调查评估教学效果。结果试验组学生的读片测验和卷面测验成绩均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。问卷调查各项指标显示试验组的满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论模块式教学联合基于PACS的CBL教学法能激发医学生的学习兴趣,更深入地学习影像学知识,提高了医学影像学见习教学的效果。

医务人员及患儿家长对儿童使用中成药风险的KAP调查研究

目的 调查医务人员及患儿家长对儿童使用中成药风险的知识-态度-行为(KAP)现状,分析两类人群对中成药知识掌握程度、用药态度及用药行为的异同,并通过“医-患”两个角度分析中成药用药风险的影响因素,以期更好地指导临床工作。方法 2023年7月至2023年11月,以首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院(以下简称“我院”)及外院医务工作人员,以及在我院就诊过且服用过中成药的患儿家长为调查对象,通过问卷星发放并回收问卷,分析医务人员及患儿家长对儿童使用中成药风险KAP得分情况,采用Logistic回归对使用中成药KAP得分的影响因素进行分析,并通过Spearman分析探讨中成药用药知识、态度、行为之间的相关性。结果 医务人员版问卷共收集有效问卷339份(有效回收率98.83%),医务人员中成药用药知识、态度和行为评分优秀者分别占16.22%、7.08%和83.19%。患儿家长版共收集有效问卷336份(有效回收率98.82%),患儿家长中成药用药知识、态度和行为评分优秀者分别占25.87%、3.57%和30.65%。Logistic回归分析显示,不同医院所在地、受教育程度是医务人员KAP的重要影响因素,患儿家长的年龄、受教育程度、工作状况、职业和月收入是患儿家长KAP的重要影响因素(P<0.05)。Spearman相关分析结果显示用药知识、态度和行为3个维度之间呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。结论 医务人员和患儿家长的中成药用药知识和用药态度均有待进一步提高,患儿家长需特别注意规范用药行为,从而降低儿童使用中成药的风险。医师和药师可结合本研究结果针对患儿家长开展适宜的中成药知识普及和科普宣传工作。

临床护士对吞咽障碍患者服药管理知信行现状及影响因素分析

目的调查临床护士对吞咽障碍患者服药管理的知信行现状,并探索其影响因素。方法于2022年5-7月采用护士对吞咽障碍患者服药管理知信行问卷,采取便利抽样法对江苏省15所三级综合性医院的1194名护士进行调查。结果临床护士吞咽障碍服药管理知信行总分为(167.39±19.07)分,知识、态度、行为维度得分分别为(48.87±6.49)分、(43.38±5.94)分和(75.14±12.76)分。多元线性回归分析结果显示:医院级别、学历、是否参加过相关培训、是否从学术期刊获取知识等(均P<0.01)是临床护士吞咽障碍服药管理知信行的主要影响因素。结论护士对吞咽障碍服药管理知识掌握一般,对规范给药的认可度较高,实践行为还有待加强,护理管理者应充分重视临床护士的培训需求,开展吞咽障碍服药管理知识和实践技能的系统培训,提高吞咽障碍患者服药管理质量。

基于Delphi法的口服抗凝药物治疗患者知信行问卷研究

目的编制一套用于评价口服抗凝药物治疗患者知识、信念、行为的调查问卷。方法以知信行理论为指导,采用文献分析和访谈法设计口服抗凝药物治疗患者知信行初始问卷;采用Delphi法就初始问卷进行专家函询,并围绕专家建议修改问卷,形成最终问卷。结果向18名专家进行两轮函询,每轮函询均发放和回收18份问卷,专家积极系数为100%,专家权威系数为0.94。两轮函询中问卷所有维度、因子、条目的重要性均分均≥4分,变异系数均≤0.25,问卷整体及知识、信念、行为3个维度的肯德尔和谐系数为0.09~0.34(P均<0.05)。第一轮专家函询后修改4个条目,删除2个条目,新增5个条目;第二轮专家函询后修改10个条目。最终形成的问卷包含知识、信念、行为3个维度,17个问卷因子,40个条目。结论所编制的口服抗凝药物治疗患者知信行问卷的可靠性和科学性均较高,专家意见较一致,可用于评估口服抗凝药物治疗患者的知识、信念、行为现状。

医务人员双向转诊现状及下转影响因素分析

目的调查安阳市医务人员对双向转诊制度的了解、态度、行为(KAP)现状,同时调查分析三级医院医务人员下转意愿影响因素,为进一步解决下转难问题,完善分级诊疗制度及相关政策提供科学依据。方法2023年3—8月抽取安阳市五县四区内不同级别医疗机构的1141名医务人员为研究对象。根据KAP理论和正交试验自行设计调查问卷,采用现场调查方式收集问卷。采用描述性统计、探索因子分析、非参数检验和二元logistic回归对数据进行分析。结果医务人员双向转诊知信行维度得分的中位数和四分位数分别为知识维度16(12,20)分,态度维度34(30,38)分,行为维度30(26,36)分。Pearson相关分析结果显示知、信、行3个维度呈正相关关系。对三级医院的医务人员的下转调查问卷显示,KAP总分和下级医疗质量的提高、患者有医保、院内纠纷风险高、上下信息共享充分、转诊标准的明确、考核机制对下转的鼓励、月收入的提高都能提高医务人员将病情允许的患者下转的意愿(P<0.05)。相较于无职称人员,职称越高下转意愿越低,医生的下转意愿低于其他岗位,博士生的下转意愿高于本科生;50岁以上的医务人员比40岁及以下的下转意愿更高(P<0.05)。结论医务人员双向转诊的认知和执行仍有提升空间,三级医院医务人员下转意愿与其KAP总分、岗位、受教育程度、职称、月收入、所在年龄段、患者有否医保、患者院内风险高低、转诊标准是否明确、下级医疗质量高低、信息共享程度和下转激励机制有关。

宁夏地区妇产科医护人员快速康复外科知信行现状调查研究

目的:调查宁夏地区妇产科医护人员对快速康复外科知信行(KAP)的现状,并分析其影响因素。方法:采用方便抽样法选取宁夏地区318名妇产科医护人员作为调查对象,使用“外科医护人员ERAS知信行现状调查问卷”进行调查,采用SPSS 25.0软件对数据进行统计学分析。结果:妇产科医护人员知信行3个方面得分由高到低分别为态度维度(63.77±9.40)分、行为维度(53.58±12.63)分、知识维度(42.99±3.12)分。单因素分析结果显示,不同专业、职称、学历、ERAS知识了解程度、是否接受过ERAS相关培训的妇产科医护人员知识维度得分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同专业、ERAS知识了解程度、是否接受过ERAS相关培训的妇产科医护人员态度维度得分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同职称、ERAS知识了解程度、是否接受过ERAS相关培训的妇产科医护人员行为维度得分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:妇产科医护人员ERAS相关知识、态度、行为处于中等偏下水平,医院管理者应针对影响因素制定干预措施,增强医护人员ERAS相关知识培训,使医护人员将ERAS理念与临床实践相结合,促进ERAS在妇产科领域的应用。

长沙市部分医护人员辐射防护知信行现状调查及影响因素分析

目的了解医护人员辐射防护知信行现状,并分析其影响因素,为制定提高医护人员辐射防护能力的干预措施提供依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法,选取长沙市2家三级甲等综合医院和2家肿瘤专科医院,采用自编的医护人员辐射防护知信行量表对其核医学科、放射影像科、放射治疗科等辐射相关科室的医护人员进行调查,分析医护人员辐射防护知信行现状及影响因素。结果395名医护人员辐射防护知识、态度、行为得分及知信行总分得分分别为(35.02±8.86)、(33.50±4.06)、(23.66±6.05)、(92.19±15.62)分。其中知识维度得分率最低,为43.66%;态度维度得分率最高,为96.94%;行为维度得分率为85.97%。分析显示,不同职业类别、参加培训意愿、培训次数分组、是否建立个人剂量档案、工作场所防护是否符合规定、职称、是否目睹过辐射损害、科室是否定期检查设备性能是医护人员辐射防护知信行水平的主要影响因素(P<0.05)。结论医护人员辐射防护态度较积极,但知识水平偏低,行为有待提高,应完善培训体系,以提高其辐射防护知信行水平。

高等医学院校本科生卫生应急事件应对的知信行现状及影响因素分析

目的探讨高等医学院校本科生卫生应急事件应对的知信行现状及影响因素,为高校开展突发事件应对工作提供参考。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法,以山东省高等医学院校不同专业的本科生为研究总体,共抽取106个班,采用自编问卷进行线上调查,运用描述性分析和单因素方差分析调查研究对象的基本情况和卫生应急事件应对的知信行现状,利用多元线性回归探讨影响大学生卫生应急事件知信行的风险要素。结果不同专业学生的风险信息来源途径均以社交网络平台为主(39.6%),其次为政府官方报道(38.9%);临床专业(99.6%)与护理专业(93.3%)对卫生应急事件的关注程度高于人文社科专业(91.4%)。单因素分析结果显示,年级、性别和风险关注程度对风险认知的影响有统计学意义(P<0.05);年级和风险关注程度对风险态度的影响有统计学意义(P<0.05);风险关注程度对风险应对行为的影响有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,风险关注程度和年级是3个专业学生风险认知和风险态度的共同影响要素;风险关注程度是3个专业学生风险应对行为的共同影响要素。结论基于知信行理论的健康教育有助于提高大学生的危机意识和风险感知,形成科学的健康素养和突发事件应对行为,为学校提高突发公共卫生事件应对和培养学生的公共卫生素养提供重要启示。

贵州省医务人员心肺复苏知信行和自我效能现状及影响因素分析

目的调查贵州省医务人员心肺复苏(CPR)知信行和自我效能现状并分析其影响因素,为提升医务人员急救能力提供参考。方法采用滚雪球抽样法和目的抽样法选取贵州省医务人员,通过自行设计调查问卷对1198名医务人员进行在线调查。使用SPSS 29.0和Amos 24.0进行数据分析。结果贵州省医务人员CPR知信行和自我效能得分率分别为91.8%、95.1%、93.4%和86.2%,其中自动体外除颤仪(AED)得分最低。知信行和自我效能四者之间呈正相关(P<0.01)。路径分析显示,年龄、医院级别、个人健康状况、听说过AED、实施过CPR、参加过CPR培训、文化程度、职称和会使用AED会直接影响知识;文化程度和知识会直接影响态度;态度和自我效能会直接影响行为;医院级别、实施过CPR、会使用AED、性别、知识会直接影响自我效能(P<0.05)。结论贵州省医务人员CPR知信行和自我效能水平整体较高,AED培训有待加强。知信行和自我效能影响因素众多,建议开展针对性培训和复训,全面提升医务人员CPR知信行和自我效能水平,进一步提高综合急救能力。