Assessment of Phytochemical Analysis,Nutritional Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Moringa oleifera

Moringa oleifera is a miracle plant rich in nutrients,antioxidants,and antibiotic properties.Present study was designed to evaluate various biochemical attributes of leaves and flowers of M.oleifera.Plant parts(leaves,flowers)of M.oleifera,collected from different roadsides of Multan district,Punjab,Pakistan,were used as experimental material.Result indicates that alkaloids,saponin,carbohydrates,fats,and protein had a high value in the aqueous extract of both leaves and flowers of M.oleifera.Whereas phenol content was high in methanolic leaves extract and the phenol contents were high in aqueous extract of flowers.The extract yield of M.oleifera leaves and flowers both showed a higher percentage in aqueous extract(57.5%),followed by methanol extract and lowest in ethyl acetate extract.Flavonoids contents were higher in ethyl acetate extract of leaves(33.67%)and aqueous extract of flowers(53.71%).While crude fiber was high in methanolic extract of leaves(12.40%)and in flowers crude fiber was high in ethyl acetate extract(15.86%).The moisture contents were higher in leaves(8.87%)than flowers(7.3%)and similarly,ash percentage in flowers(52.60%)than leaves(41.84%).Ethyl acetate extracts of M.oleifera leaves show antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa while methanolic extract of M.oleifera flowers shows antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas sp.Maximum growth inhibits show in all extracts of leaves against Aspergillus flavus,F.oxysporum,and P.glabrum except for the concentrated aqueous extract of leaves.While in flowers maximum growth inhibits all extracts against P.glabrum,A.niger,and A.flavus except the diluted ethyl acetate extract.Phytochemicals present in different parts of moringa have significant edible and commercial potential.Moringa extracts exhibited significant antimicrobial activity,therefore have applications in pharmaceuticals.

The Golden Spice Turmeric (<i>Curcuma longa</i>) and Its Feasible Benefits in Prospering Human Health—A Review

From the evolution of the mankind, Turmeric has been used in conventional medication. India is in lead for producing, marketing and exporting the Turmeric and its value added products. Curcuma longa (Turmeric) is an Indian rhizomatous medicinal herb from the Zingiberaceae family that is common and widely available across the globe. The components of Turmeric are curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin and these are collectively known as curcuminoids. Curcumin, the active ingredient of Turmeric is generally investigated by the scientific community for its wide range of antioxidant activity, anti-Inflammatory properties and anti-cancer activity, anti-metabolic syndrome activities, neuroprotective activity, antimicrobial effects, anti-arthritis effects, anti-viral effects, anti-asthma and anti-diabetic effects, anti-obesity, cardio and liver toxicity protection activity, anti-depression and anxiety activities. Turmeric has been widely used as a typical household treatment for cough, sore throat, respiratory ailments and could be an effective immunity booster against SARS-CoV-2 therapy during the ongoing pandemic situation. Safety evaluation studies indicate that both turmeric and curcumin are well tolerated at a very high dose without any toxic effects. Thus, turmeric and its constituents have the potential for the development of modern medicine for the treatment of various diseases. So in this review, we describe the various metabolic roles of curcumin and activities for the benefit of human health.

Discussion on the Application of Ascending and Descending Property of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Compatibility of Clinical Prescriptions

Through the method of literature mining,the classics of traditional Chinese medicine,materia medica works,medical cases and documents are studied.Based on common prescriptions for the treatment of diseases such as abnormal Zang-fu viscera and qi movement,dysfunction,etc.,and combined with the theory of ascending and descending property of traditional Chinese medicine,the application of ascending and descending property of traditional Chinese medicine in clinical prescription compatibility and the factors affecting the application are summarized.The ascending and descending properties of traditional Chinese medicine have been widely used in prescription compatibility for the clinical treatment of impairment of purifying and descending function of the lung,spleen and stomach's ascending and descending disorders and heart-kidney noninteractionpatte.

ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND MEDICAL PROPERTIES OF ANTICOMPLEMENT AGENTS FROM TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINES

The inappropriate activation of complement system may cause some life-threatening symptoms such as rheumatoid arthritis,systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)and acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).In our efforts to obtain natural anticomplement agents from traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)for prevention and treatment of the complement-associated diseases。

Neuroprotective Effect of Shenfu Injection (参附注射液) Following Cardiac Arrest in Pig Correlates with Improved Mitochondrial Function and Cerebral Glucose Uptake

Objective：To test whether Shenfu Injection（参附注射液,SFI）might attenuate the impact of cerebral energy dysfunction after resuscitation in a pig model of cardiac arrest（CA）.Methods：Thirty-four Wuzhishan miniature inbred pigs were randomly divided into three groups：the SFI group（n=12）,the saline group（SA group,n=12）,and the sham-operated group（sham group,n=10）.Following successful return of spontaneous circulation（ROSC）from 8-min untreated ventricular fibrillation,animals received a continuous infusion of either SFI（0.2 mL/min）or saline for 6 h.Cerebral performance category score was evaluated at 24and 48 h after ROSC,followed by positron emission tomography and computed tomography scans of cerebral glucose uptake.Surviving pigs were euthanized 48 h after ROSC,and the brains were removed for detecting mitochondrial function.Results：Compared with the SA group,SFI treatment produced a better neurologic outcome48 h after ROSC（P〈0.05）.However,there was no significant difference of survival rate between the SA and SFI groups（83.3%vs.81.8%,P〉0.05）.After ROSC,the SA group showed a decrease in the maximum standardized uptake value of different regions in the brain tissue,where SFI treatment can ameliorate these decreases（P〈0.01or P〈0.05）.Improved mitochondrial respiratory properties and higher mitochondrial membrane potential were also found following SFI treatment compared with the SA group at 48 h after ROSC（P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）.Conclusion：SFI treatment after resuscitation has significant neuroprotective effects against disruption of cerebral energy metabolism from CA by improving glucose uptake and by normalizing mitochondrial function.