Key Artificial Cultivation Technique by the Naxi Nationality for Dioscorea bulbifera:A Traditional Medicinal and Edible Plant

Dioscorea bulbifera is a medicinal and edible plant of the Naxi nationality living in Lijiang area,and its tuber as a vegetable has the functions of clearing away heat and detoxification,and its bulbil has the functions of clearing away heat and resolving phlegm,relieving cough and relieving asthma,dispersing the accumulation of evils and detoxification,etc.Related studies have shown that it mainly contains steroids,diterpene lactones,flavonoids,polyphenols,alkaloids and so on,and it can also fight cancer,inhibit bacteria,relieve pain,resist inflammation and so on.There is also related literature about hepatotoxicity after taking it.The key technique of traditional vegetable cultivation in Lijiang area is systematically summarized in this paper for reference in the future cultivation process.

Study on Cultivation Technology of Rosa rugosa Thunb.

Rosa rugosa Thunb. is a traditional medicinal and food plant in Hotan region,which has important medicinal and economic value. In recent years,the planting area in Hotan region has been expanding. This paper described the cultivation techniques,planting models and field management,pest control,harvesting and processing of R. rugosa. Based on the analysis of the advantages and cultivation techniques of developing the rose industry in Hotan region,the paper discussed how to accelerate the development of rose cultivation and deep processing industry in Hotan region.

Cultivated hawthorn(Crataegus pinnatifida var.major)genome sheds light on the evolution of Maleae(apple tribe)

Cultivated hawthorn(Crataegus pinnatifida var.major)is an important medicinal and edible plant with a long history of use for health protection in China.Herein,we provide a de novo chromosomelevel genome sequence of the hawthorn cultivar“Qiu Jinxing.”We assembled an 823.41 Mb genome encoding 40571 genes and further anchored the779.24 Mb sequence into 17 pseudo-chromosomes,which account for 94.64%of the assembled genome.Phylogenomic analyses revealed that cultivated hawthorn diverged from other species within the Maleae(apple tribe)at approximately 35.4 Mya.Notably,genes involved in the flavonoid and triterpenoid biosynthetic pathways have been significantly amplified in the hawthorn genome.In addition,our results indicated that the Maleae share a unique ancient tetraploidization event;however,no recent independent whole-genome duplication event was specifically detected in hawthorn.The amplification of non-specific long terminal repeat retrotransposons contributed the most to the expansion of the hawthorn genome.Furthermore,we identified two paleo-sub-genomes in extant species of Maleae and found that these two sub-genomes showed different rearrangement mechanisms.We also reconstructed the ancestral chromosomes of Rosaceae and discussed two possible paleopolyploid origin patterns(autopolyploidization or allopolyploidization)of Maleae.Overall,our study provides an improved context for understanding the evolution of Maleae species,and this new highquality reference genome provides a useful resource for the horticultural improvement of hawthorn.