Application of Classical Prescriptions of Rhizome Chinese Herbal Medicines for Medicine and Food Homology and Development Status of Its Modern Food

The efficacy,application and compatibility of five kinds of Chinese Herbal Medicines medicine(including yam,licorice,Platyc-odonisi Radix,Polygonati Rhizoma,and Pueraria Lobata)for medicine and food homology in the past five years were systematically searched and summarized,and the current situation of their food development was reviewed to provide theoretical basis for the research and development of this kind of CHMs for health care.

Subcellular Distribution and Chemical Forms of Cadmium in the Medicine Food Homology Plant Platycodon grandiflorum(Jacq.)A.DC.

Although Platycodon grandiflorum(Jacq.)A.DC.is a renowned medicine food homology plant,reports of excessive cadmium(Cd)levels are common,which affects its safety for clinical use and food consumption.To enable its Cd levels to be regulated or reduced,it is necessary to first elucidate the mechanism of Cd uptake and accumulation in the plant,in addition to its detoxification mechanisms.This present study used inductively couple plasma-mass-spectrometry to analyze the subcellular distribution and chemical forms of Cd in different tissues of P.grandiflorum.The experimental results showed that Cd was mainly accumulated in the roots[predominantly in the cell wall(50.96%-61.42%)],and it was found primarily in hypomobile and hypotoxic forms.The proportion of Cd in the soluble fraction increased after Cd exposure,and the proportion of insoluble phosphate Cd and oxalate Cd increased in roots and leaves,with a higher increase in oxalate Cd.Therefore,it is likely that root retention mechanisms,cell wall deposition,vacuole sequestration,and the formation of low mobility and low toxicity forms are tolerance strategies for Cd detoxification used by P.grandiflorum.The results of this study provide a theoretical grounding for the study of Cd accumulation and detoxification mechanisms in P.grandiflorum,and they can be used as a reference for developing Cd limits and standards for other medicine food homology plants.

Mechanism of Herbal Medicine and Food Dandelion Effects May be Related to RNA or DNA Regulation: A Review

Background: A dandelion is a common plant with a global growth distribution that has been used as a medicinal and food with no adverse effects. Purpose: In this article, the products and effects of dandelions are reviewed to help further in-depth studies and develop more products derived from dandelions in the future. Method: The literature about dandelion in various databases such as Pubmed is searched. Results: Dandelions have many effects, such as virus inhibition, anti-tumor activity, nutritional value, anti-aging, potential as a vaccine and alleviation of heat stress. The mechanism underlying these effects is analyzed and it was found that dandelions were regulated by RNA or DNA. Conclusion: As a medicinal and food, dandelions are safe and have many effects. Many products derived from dandelions have been developed. The metabolic regulation is related with ribonucleic acid or possibly deoxynucleic acid. Further in-depth studies should be conducted on the regulation of dandelions through RNA or DNA. There will likely be more products derived from dandelions in the future.

Textual Research on Name, Variety and Property of the Multi-origin Tibetan Herb "Azhong"

By consulting ancient Tibetan medical literature such as books of materia medica,medical works,and prescription books,as well as modern and contemporary literature and materials,and in combination with the interview and investigation of clinical use and expert consultation,we collated and verified the name,variety classification,plant origin,application and other recorded information of Tibetan herb"Azhong",and summarized and analyzed the phenomenon of mixed use or substitution of medicinal plants.According to textual research,it first appeared in the Four Medical Tantras.The Tibetan herb"Azhong"is simply recorded in the ancient books and Materia Medica,which are collectively called"Azhong".Since the 15 th century,there have been varieties such as Za Azhong,Kan Azhong,Xing Azhong,Pumou Azhong,Zha Azhong,Bang Azhong,and the top grade is called Azhong Nabu and Nacang Azhong,and the bottom grade is Azhong Gabu.According to modern literature,the origin of"Azhong"involves 12 species of plants belonging to 8 genera,5 families.At present,Arenaria kansuensis Maxim,Ajania purpurea Shih.and Thalictrum squamiferum Lecoy are the mainstream medicinal materials of"Azhong".There is a certain basis for clinical application and theoretical records in the literature in terms of the mutual alternative use of Tibetan medicinal materials such as"Azhong"and traditional medicinal materials in different regions.Therefore,it is necessary to use modern chemical technology and pharmacological experiments to conduct a comparative study on the material basis and biological activity of different varieties of medicinal materials,and carry out a survey on resources and use status,so as to standardize the use of their varieties and origins and improve the safety of clinical medication.

The origins of Uyghur medicine: Debates and perspectives

Uyghur medicine refers to the traditional medicine of the people residing in the oases of the Taklamakan desert in the North-West corner of modern China.Due to historical and geographical reasons,the ancestors of the modern Uyghurs had extensive contact with Greco-Roman civilization even beginning in the 4th century BCE,and continuing with different extent until the 6th century CE.Thus,the knowledge of Greek humoral medicine spread to the Uyghur regions.When Arab-Persian medicine arrived along with Islam in the 10th century,it met both Buddhist medicine and the developed folk medicine.In this paper,we argue that“Greco-Roman”,“Arab-Persian”and“Uyghur”medicines are all of essentially the same system under holistic humoral medicine.We further assert that“Traditional European Medicine”is based on the same tradition,and,while it was discarded in the West,it has been substantially preserved by the Uyghurs.We also consider the implications of making the two millennial tradition of Uyghur medicine the object of modern scientific research in China.

Application of the thought of "simultaneous treatment of medicine and food" in the treatment of intractable functional constipation

Intractable functional constipation is a type of constipation which is difficult to cure,which is usually characterized by persistent constipation,dependence on laxative and/or ineffective treatment of laxative.In recent years,with the change of diet structure,accelerated pace of life and the influence of socio-psychological factors,the incidence rate has increased year by year,seriously affecting the quality of life of patients.Professor Yao Shukun has remarkable clinical effect and experience in the treatment of intractable functional constipation.Professor Yao believes that,combined with the changes of people's diet structure,life style and physique,the main TCM syndrome type of clinical stubborn functional constipation is dampness-heat and blood stasis,and the main treatment should be clearing heat and resolving dampness,regulating qi and removing blood stasis;and we should pay attention to the application of the idea of"Simultaneous Treatment of Medicine and Food"in the process of diagnosis and treatment,and educate patients to change their diet structure in order to fundamentally dispel the etiology.

Introducing Chinese food therapy： a review of origin, developing course and modern application

Objective： This review introduced the origin, developing course and modern application of Chinese food therapy （CFT） in traditional Chinese medicine to enrich our understanding of relevant concepts and ways. Methods： PubMed, EMBASE, CBM, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang Databases were searched for papers on a range of terms relating to CFT. 41 references were finally selected for this review. Results： The development of CFT is comprised of five important periods in Chinese history. They axe as following： the infancy period represented by the idea of homogeny of medicine and food; theoretical development period represented by Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor, Shennong 1＇ Classic of Materia Medica and Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases; specialized volumes on CFT represented by Dietotherapy Worth a Thousand Gold; representative monographs on CFT represented by Dietetic Materia Medica and Principles of Correct Diet and the perfect period represented by integration of ancient food therapy practice and modern nutriology. Conclusion： CFT harbors a long and profound history, making great contribution to people＇s health maintenance and illness prevention. With the further development of integrative medicine, CFT may play a more important role in clinics and family health care based on integration of syndrome differentiation and disease differentiation.

Prospects for the future of clinical efficacy evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine——Emphasis on original theory and clinical practice

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)clinical efficacy evaluation runs through the development of TCM and has been progressing so far.With the introduction of evidence-based medicine(EBM)in recent 20 years,TCM clinical efficacy evaluation has developed rapidly,accumulated research and experience,improved the quality and standardization of research,but also gradually found deep-seated deficiencies.In 2019,the China Center for Evidence-based Traditional Chinese Medicine(CCEBTCM)was established,and TCM was included in the 11th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases(ICD-11).In above opportunities for TCM clinical efficacy evaluation,it is necessary to face up to the previous deficiencies,so that the TCM clinical efficacy evaluation can truly reflect the actual clinical practice characteristics,including TCM clinical problems,TCM thinking and TCM diagnosis&treatment mode.Based on the summary and analysis of past research,development concepts are proposed in this article.On the one hand,original concepts of TCM should be confidently paid more attention to the design and implementation of TCM clinical efficacy evaluation to be close to TCM clinical practice.On the other hand,it is necessary to consolidate the foundation of TCM clinical practice before evaluating efficacy.Evaluated object built on TCM ontology knowledge should be demonstrated based on clinical practice,and unknown evaluated object combined with new methods,technologies and concepts should be maturely integrated in clinical practice firstly.

The Protective Effect of Jiujiuguiyi, a Medicine and Food Homologous Formula, on Acute Alcohol Poisoning Mice

Background: Nowadays, acute alcoholic intoxication has become the third public problem in China, and the anti-inebriation products mainly aimed at increasing the activity of enzyme involved in the alcohol metabolism, which is a single mechanism that can accelerate alcohol metabolism. Thus, a new formula, Jiujiuguiyi (JJGY) which could protect liver, relieve the abnormal excitability of the center and improve muscle retardation at the same time is designed by us. Methods: The model of acute alcoholic intoxication was established by intragastric administration with 0.12 ml/10g 50% alcohol in mice. JJGY was orally administrated (gavage) once a day for 20 consecutive days before the establishment of acute alcoholic model. Mice were randomly divided into 8 groups with 8 each: blank control group (CON), model group (M), Haiwangjinzun positive control group (HWJZ), experimental groups (AL, AH, BL, BH, AB). Giant, crawling time on the rota-rod, the activities of aspartate amino trans- ferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in both liver and serum, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) in liver as well as the HE staining of liver slices, the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum were determined after acute alcoholic intoxication. Results: Compared with model group, JJGY significantly decreased the AST and ALT activity in liver and serum and MDA activity in serum. Meanwhile, it enhanced the ADH and ALDH level in liver as well as the hepatic and serous SOD activity, indicating more efficient metabolism of alcohol and less hepatic injury. HE staining results also proved that JJGY could reduce alcoholic liver cell injury, and the effect was more obvious in the group medicated before alcohol administration. Moreover, JJGY significantly prolonged the crawling time on the rota-rod and improved the gait of mice and the effect was proved to be better than the widely used health product Haiwangjinzun. Conclusions: This study suggests that JJGY is able to protect liver, relieve the abnormal excitability of the center and improve muscle retardation after acute alcoholic intoxication. Its liver protection effect is likely related to its modulation on the alcohol metabolizing and antioxidant enzymes.

Research and Development of Skincare Products Based on the Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine

The application of traditional Chinese medicine in skincare formula development was expounded from the views of“symptom,theory,method,prescription,medicine and effect”.Traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions were improved according to the laws and regulations for China’s cosmetic industry and by the modern scientific and technological means,which had important guiding significance for the research and development of plant-based functional skincare products.The problems in concept claim and quality control standard,and the problems of market confusion,which were ascribed to the lack of basic research in the application of Chinese herbal cosmetics,were pointed out.The future development direction of plant-based functional cosmetics guided by TCM theory was prospected.

Matching traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine-based research:Advanced nutraceutical development for proactive gastric cancer prevention

Gastric cancer(GC),the third leading cause of cancer-related death globally,is complex and heterogeneous.This review explores multidisciplinary investigations of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)combined with Western medical practices,emphasizing the development of nutraceuticals for cancer prevention.Using advanced analytical chemistry and food chemistry techniques,this study investigated how TCM components may be optimized for nutraceutical development.Focusing on molecular interactions with GC pathways,particularly the NF-κB,PI3K/Akt,and Wnt/β-catenin pathways,we examined the effects of TCM polyherbal formulas,extracts,and isolated compounds.These agents modulate apoptosis and cellular proliferation,underscoring their potential in preventive strategies.The convergence of nutraceutical and medicine food homology studies highlights a significant shift towards integrating TCM-derived compounds in a preventive health framework.This approach aims not only to enhance efficacy and reduce side effects but also to champion a preventive paradigm using personalized medicine to advance proactive health maintenance and disease prevention.The combination of TCM and western medical practices offers promising avenues for future research and practical applications in GC prevention.

Determination of vanadium in food and traditional Chinese medicine by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy

Various experimental conditions were described for the vanadium determinationby graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS). The experiments showed that whenatomization took place under the conditions where the combination of a pyrolytic coating graphitetube and fast raising temperature were used and the temperature was stable, the signal peak shapescould be improved, the sensitivity was enhanced, and the memory effect was removed. The vanadium infood and traditional Chinese medicinal herbs can be accurately determined using the standard curvemethod.

Traditional Chinese Medicine and Standardization——Origin and development of TCM

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is the medical science based on theories and practicing experience of traditional Chinese medicine to study transferring principles of health and sickness,as well as prevention, diagnosis,treatment,rehabilitation and healthcare.TCM is marked with its long history of development,integrated theory system and abundant practicing experience.

Samples of the Collection of Old Medicine Raw Materials of the Department of Pharmacognosy of St.Petersburg Chemical Pharmaceutical University,Which Can Be Used in Food

In the world there are many collections of the pharmaceutical trend.In America,the exhibits of this profile are in the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History in Washington,in Europe these are collections of pharmacy museums in Heidelberg(Germany),Krakow and Warsaw(Poland),Basel(Switzerland),Riga(Latvia),and others.Some of them have many thousands of exhibits.There are also separate collections of pharmaceutical items for educational institutions,for example,a collection of old medicinal raw materials in Vigan’s Cabinet,Queen College,Cambridge(Great Britain).All these meetings,however,have long been known and described in detail.Most of them do not have a strict orientation and are presented,along with old medicinal raw materials,as well as tools and appliances,dishes,books,herbaria and various auxiliary items.All the more interesting is the collection indicated in the title of the article,which arose literally from non-existence.She was transferred to the educational institution at its creation,and this year she,like him,turns a hundred years old.It has a strict focus and is represented almost exclusively by medicinal raw materials.Studying the samples of this old collection,as a whole of medical profile,makes it possible to understand that many plants,which initially had only food use,gradually became pharmaceutical objects.Probably,it was the long practice of food use,with the fixing of associated pharmacological effects in the memory,that became the reason for choosing certain types of raw materials as medicinal.Ordinary foods,protein and starchy,began to be perceived as strengthening,mucous—as enveloping and anti-ulcer,some fruits and herbs—as antiscorbutic,sharp—as appetizing and improving the work of the stomach,and so on.

Clinical Application of Radix Notoginseng and Its Homology of Medicine and Food

Clinical application of Radix Notoginseng in the last ten years is summarized,such as Radix Notoginseng powder,compatibility of Radix Notoginseng with other traditional Chinese medicines,and related preparations of Radix Notoginseng,as well as application of Radix Notoginseng in homology of medicine and food,such as preventing and controlling gynecological diseases,rheumatoid arthritis,hypertension,gastric cancer,arthritis,and anemia.

Methods of preparation of egg and therapeutic uses:a review perspective of Persian Medicine

Background:The nutrients in eggs play an important role in the health of different body organs like the brain,cardiometabolic system,musculoskeletal system,skin and eyes and so the eggs can be considered as functional foods.In order to maintain the highest nutrient content of an egg,it is recommended to cook it properly,but no specific clinical research has been carried out yet on the role that the cooking of an egg plays in its food and health properties.For this reason,this study has collected and discussed the topics related to a variety of methods of cooking eggs,based on the texts of Persian Medicine,and conducted a comparison with modern sources of nutrition.Methods:The present study is a review in which sources of Persian Medicine(PM)were searched in software JamiTib(Version 1.5)and Persian electronic banks,sites of PubMed,Google Scholar,ScienceDirect,and Embase and websites of health reference of American food and water.Finally,the results obtained were classified and a content analysis was carried out.Results:In the PM books,in addition to referring to the different properties of eggs,different effects of different egg preparation have been investigated.The wise men of the school of medicine have proposed at least five methods of egg preparation,including very soft boiled,soft-boiled,hardboiled,fried,and omelet.In the texts,the healing properties of each case and the quality of digestion in the body were separately investigated.Among the five main methods of preparation eggs,the therapeutic and digestive effects of soft-boiled eggs are emphasized to a greater extent,because easy digestion leads to more beneficial effects of the yolk of the eggs.Conclusion:Though the wise men of Persian Medicine have proposed a variety of methods to cook eggs,ease of digestion is one of the most important factors in their decision-making while proposing the type of cooking method for therapeutic prescriptions.In contrast,in modern nutrition research,regardless of the method of cooking eggs,the effect of its use on diseases like heart disease or diabetes has been studied.Owing to the fact that many cases of eggs,as mentioned,have been confirmed in PM texts during modern scientific surveys,it appears that clinical studies on the relevant issues of eggs in this context are useful in better understanding therapeutic effects.

The origins of food

Where does our food come from?Once upon a time carrots were purple, there were no pineapples in Asia or lemons in America, and many people thought potatoes were poisonous. Many types of fruit and vegetable grew only in one place. So how did they spread all over the world?

The origins of food

Where does our food come from?Once upon a time carrots were purple,there were no pineapples in Asia or lemons in America,and many people thought potatoes were poisonous.

Research progress of ginger in the treatment of gastrointestinal tumors

Cancer seriously endangers human health.Gastrointestinal cancer is the most common and major malignant tumor,and its morbidity and mortality are gradually increasing.Although there are effective treatments such as radio-therapy and chemotherapy for gastrointestinal tumors,they are often accom-panied by serious side effects.According to the traditional Chinese medicine and food homology theory,many materials are both food and medicine.Moreover,food is just as capable of preventing and treating diseases as medicine.Medicine and food homologous herbs not only have excellent pharmacological effects and activities but also have few side effects.As a typical medicinal herb with both medicinal and edible uses,some components of ginger have been shown to have good efficacy and safety against cancer.A mass of evidence has also shown that ginger has anti-tumor effects on digestive tract cancers(such as gastric cancer,colorectal cancer,liver cancer,laryngeal cancer,and pancreatic cancer)through a variety of pathways.The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanisms of action of the main components of ginger and their potential clinical applications in treating gastrointestinal tumors.

Analysis on patents of health care products with substances of medicine food homology in China

Objective:The concept of substances of medicine food homology(SMFH)has garnered significant attention in recent years.This study conducts a systematic analysis of patent literature related to SMFH,and elucidates the development trends,technical hotspots,and the overall patent protection landscape of SMFH in China over the past two decades.Methods:The patent search focused on the SMFH varieties as the objects of inquiry,with retrieval conducted in patent databases.Subsequently,the acquired data underwent processing,analysis,and visualization.Results:While the technical threshold for pharmaceutical applications surpasses that of the food service sector,the former may assume a prominent role in the future.Research and development(R&D)activities in the southeast of China demonstrate robust activity than other regions.Colleges and scientific research institutions exhibit substantial advantages in patent applications compared with individuals and hold greater potential for future development.Conclusion:The findings of this patent analysis indicate that China’s SMFH industry are presently undergoing a transition from an extensive model to a high-quality model.The quality and technical standards of SMFH products are consistently improving.Consequently,there is a need for more stringent patent application requirements to align with the evolving development needs.