In this research we are going to define two new concepts: a) “The Potential of Events” (EP) and b) “The Catholic Information” (CI). The term CI derives from the ancient Greek language and declares all the Catholic...In this research we are going to define two new concepts: a) “The Potential of Events” (EP) and b) “The Catholic Information” (CI). The term CI derives from the ancient Greek language and declares all the Catholic (general) Logical Propositions (<img src="Edit_5f13a4a5-abc6-4bc5-9e4c-4ff981627b2a.png" width="33" height="21" alt="" />) which will true for every element of a set A. We will study the Riemann Hypothesis in two stages: a) By using the EP we will prove that the distribution of events e (even) and o (odd) of Square Free Numbers (SFN) on the axis Ax(N) of naturals is Heads-Tails (H-T) type. b) By using the CI we will explain the way that the distribution of prime numbers can be correlated with the non-trivial zeros of the function <em>ζ</em>(<em>s</em>) of Riemann. The Introduction and the Chapter 2 are necessary for understanding the solution. In the Chapter 3 we will present a simple method of forecasting in many very useful applications (e.g. financial, technological, medical, social, etc) developing a generalization of this new, proven here, theory which we finally apply to the solution of RH. The following Introduction as well the Results with the Discussion at the end shed light about the possibility of the proof of all the above. The article consists of 9 chapters that are numbered by 1, 2, …, 9.展开更多
虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)可以将各类资源聚合成一个整体参与电力市场和碳交易市场。随着VPP的规模不断扩大,其也将由原来的价格接受者转变为价格制定者。为此,文中将VPP作为价格的制定者,提出了一种考虑碳交易影响的VPP日前...虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)可以将各类资源聚合成一个整体参与电力市场和碳交易市场。随着VPP的规模不断扩大,其也将由原来的价格接受者转变为价格制定者。为此,文中将VPP作为价格的制定者,提出了一种考虑碳交易影响的VPP日前电力市场双层竞价策略。首先,对考虑碳交易的日前电力市场机制进行介绍和分析。其次,基于Stackelberg博弈原理建立以VPP为竞价主体的日前电力市场双层竞价模型,上层模型以VPP预期收益最大化为目标,下层模型以系统出清成本最小化为目标。针对VPP中风电场出力预测的不确定性,基于信息间隙决策理论(information gap decision theory,IGDT)给VPP运营商提供风险规避和机会寻求2种投标策略。然后,利用强对偶理论、Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT)最优性条件以及大M法,将双层模型简化为一个混合整数线性规划问题进行求解。最后,通过算例给出VPP的最优竞价策略以及运行计划,并分析VPP中风电场出力预测的不确定性对VPP预期收益的影响。算例表明,VPP可以通过策略性的投标决策影响市场价格,考虑碳交易后,VPP的预期收益较无碳交易时增加了5.1%。展开更多
文摘In this research we are going to define two new concepts: a) “The Potential of Events” (EP) and b) “The Catholic Information” (CI). The term CI derives from the ancient Greek language and declares all the Catholic (general) Logical Propositions (<img src="Edit_5f13a4a5-abc6-4bc5-9e4c-4ff981627b2a.png" width="33" height="21" alt="" />) which will true for every element of a set A. We will study the Riemann Hypothesis in two stages: a) By using the EP we will prove that the distribution of events e (even) and o (odd) of Square Free Numbers (SFN) on the axis Ax(N) of naturals is Heads-Tails (H-T) type. b) By using the CI we will explain the way that the distribution of prime numbers can be correlated with the non-trivial zeros of the function <em>ζ</em>(<em>s</em>) of Riemann. The Introduction and the Chapter 2 are necessary for understanding the solution. In the Chapter 3 we will present a simple method of forecasting in many very useful applications (e.g. financial, technological, medical, social, etc) developing a generalization of this new, proven here, theory which we finally apply to the solution of RH. The following Introduction as well the Results with the Discussion at the end shed light about the possibility of the proof of all the above. The article consists of 9 chapters that are numbered by 1, 2, …, 9.
文摘虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)可以将各类资源聚合成一个整体参与电力市场和碳交易市场。随着VPP的规模不断扩大,其也将由原来的价格接受者转变为价格制定者。为此,文中将VPP作为价格的制定者,提出了一种考虑碳交易影响的VPP日前电力市场双层竞价策略。首先,对考虑碳交易的日前电力市场机制进行介绍和分析。其次,基于Stackelberg博弈原理建立以VPP为竞价主体的日前电力市场双层竞价模型,上层模型以VPP预期收益最大化为目标,下层模型以系统出清成本最小化为目标。针对VPP中风电场出力预测的不确定性,基于信息间隙决策理论(information gap decision theory,IGDT)给VPP运营商提供风险规避和机会寻求2种投标策略。然后,利用强对偶理论、Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT)最优性条件以及大M法,将双层模型简化为一个混合整数线性规划问题进行求解。最后,通过算例给出VPP的最优竞价策略以及运行计划,并分析VPP中风电场出力预测的不确定性对VPP预期收益的影响。算例表明,VPP可以通过策略性的投标决策影响市场价格,考虑碳交易后,VPP的预期收益较无碳交易时增加了5.1%。
