Anti-Obesity Effects of Dietary d-Allulose and Medium-Chain Triglycerides in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats

d-Allulose, a rare sugar, exerts anti-obesity effects by inhibiting hepatic lipogenesis and promoting energy expenditure. Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) consist of three medium-chain fatty acids connected by glycerol. MCTs have been extensively investigated for their ability to reduce body fat accumulation. We previously investigated the anti-obesity effects of a combination of dietary d-allulose and MCT (5% - 13%) in rats;however, we could not confirm the anti-obesity effects of MCT or observed synergetic effects between d-allulose and MCT on body fat loss. We speculated that our previous studies were influenced by the excessive amount of MCT in the diets. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-obesity effects of the simultaneous intake of d-allulose and MCT in rats fed an obesity-inducing high-fat diet with a low amount of MCTs (2%). Thirty-two male Wistar rats (3-week-old) were randomly divided into four groups: control, d-allulose, MCT, and d-allulose + MCT groups. Rats in each group were fed ad libitum on a control (no d-Allulose or MCT), 5% d-allulose, 2% MCT, or 5% d-allulose + 2% MCT diets for 16 weeks. Abdominal adipose tissue weights were significantly lower in the d-allulose diet group than in the control group, whereas no differences were observed between results of the MCT-supplemented groups. The total body fat mass was significantly lower in the d-allulose and MCT diet groups than in the control group, but no differences were observed between the MCT-supplemented groups. These results suggested that anti-obesity effects of dietary d-allulose were observed, and the effects of dietary MCTs were weaker than those of d-allulose. Moreover, we confirmed the interaction between dietary d-allulose and MCT on indicators of obesity. Interestingly, their effects were not synergistic, as MCT supplementation offset the anti-obesity effects of dietary d-allulose. However, the specific mechanisms underlying those effects remain unknown, warranting further investigation.

Medium-Chain Triglyceride Activated Brown Adipose Tissue and Induced Reduction of Fat Mass in C57BL/6J Mice Fed High-fat Diet

Objective To investigate activation of brown adipose tissue （BAT） stimulated by medium-chain triglyceride （MCT）. Methods 30 Male C57BL/6J obese mice induced by fed high fat diet （HFD） were divided into 2 groups, and fed another HFD with 2% MCT or long-chain triglyceride （LCT） respectively for 12 weeks. Body weight, blood biochemical variables, interscapular brown fat tissue （IBAT） mass, expressions of mRNA and protein of beta 3-adrenergic receptors （β3-AR）, uncoupling protein-1 （UCP1）, hormone sensitive lipase （HSL）, protein kinase A （PKA）, and adipose triglyceride lipase （ATGL） in IBAT were measured. Results Significant decrease in body weight and body fat mass was observed in MCT group as compared with LCT group （P〈O.05） after 12 weeks. Greater increases in IBAT mass was observed in MCT group than in LCT group （P〈O.05）. Blood TG, TC, LDL-C in MCT group were decreased significantly, meanwhile blood HDL-C, ratio of HDL-C/LDL-C and norepinephrine were increased markedly. Expressions of mRNA and protein of β3-AR, UCP1, PKA, HSL, ATGL in BAT were greater in MCT group than in LCT group （P〈O.05）. Conclusion Our results suggest that MCT stimulated the activation of BAT, possible via norepinephrine pathway, which might partially contribute to reduction of the body fat mass in obese mice fed high fat diet.

Efficacy and safety of modified medium-chain triglyceride ketogenic diet in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy

Background Medium-chain triglyceride ketogenic diet(MCTKD)is previously less commonly used in China.This study was aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of the modified MCTKD in the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy in Chinese patients.Methods Patients with drug-resistant epilepsy were enrolled to receive treatment with modified MCTKD in Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital during December 2020 and September 2022.The modified MCTKD contained fat that provided 50–70%of the total energy,as well as proteins and carbohydrates that provided 20–30%and 20%of energy,respectively.The fat component was composed of 20–30%medium-chain triglycerides(MCTs)and 30–40%long-chain triglycerides.The efficacy and safety of the diet were assessed at 1,3 and 6 months.Results A total of 123 patients aged 2.5 to 65 years,were included in this study.The response rates at 1,3 and 6 months were 49.6%,43.1%,and 30.9%,respectively.The seizure freedom rates at 1,3 and 6 months were 12.2%,10.6%,and 6.5%,respectively.The retention rates at 1,3 and 6 months were 98.4%,65.0%and 33.3%respectively.Side effects occurred in 21.14%of patients,which were predominantly gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain,diarrhea,vomiting,and constipation,and most of them resolved after dietary adjustments.A total of 82 patients(66.7%)discontinued the treatment with the reason of refusing to eat(8.1%),poor efficacy(35.0%),poor compliance(4.9%),and inability to follow-up(9.8%).Only 4 patients(3.3%)withdrew the diet due to side effects.Conclusions The modified MCTKD with MCTs providing 20–30%of energy has a good safety in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy,but its effectiveness needs to be enhanced.Further modifications of MCTKD with an optimal energy ratio are required to achieve a better efficacy and safety.

Soybean Flour Improves Fatty Acid Profile and Decreases Hepatic Triglyceride Deposition in Rats Fed with Normocaloric and Hypercaloric Diet

This study investigated the effects of replacing casein with soy flour on the fatty acids profile and triglycerides metabolism in the liver of rats that were previously fed with normocaloric and hypercaloric diets based on casein. Wistar male rats were used;one group was fed with control diet (AIN-93) and another with hypercaloric diet (AIN-93 with 34.15% sucrose, 42% fat calories) for 9 weeks. Each group was then divided into two subgroups and casein was replaced with soybean in one of them, obtaining CC (control casein), CS (control soy), HC (hypercaloric casein) and HS (hypercaloric soy), which were fed for 6 weeks. We measured triglycerides in serum, and triglycerides, total lipids, fatty acids profile, the expression of apolipoprotein B (Apo B), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), sterol-regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (mGPAT), diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT-2), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha (PPARα) in liver. Histological studies were also performed. When comparing HS vs. HC, a positive effect of soybean flour on hepatic triglycerides deposits was found, possibly through the reduction in DGAT-2 expression (P < 0.01) and the increase in Apo B (P < 0.001) expression. Soybean flour also decreased fat deposits in control diets when compared with casein, decreasing the DGAT-2 (P < 0.001) expression and increasing Apo B (P < 0.001), CPT-1 (P < 0.05) and PPARα (P < 0.01) expressions. Both soy diet subgroups increased unsaturated fatty acids respect to casein diets (P < 0.01). Hepatocytes showed few lipid droplets in HS, whereas a fat deposit in HC was observed. These results suggest that replacing casein with soybean flour in normocaloric and hypercaloric diets reduces triglycerides and improves fatty acids profile in rat liver.

肺癌患者术后饮食种类与方案对其住院舒适度和康复的影响

背景与目的肺癌术后合理、规范的饮食方案与流程有助于患者快速康复。本研究旨在通过优化以中链甘油三酯(medium chain triglyceride,MCT)为主的饮食方案与流程,探讨其对肺癌患者术后康复的临床优势。方法收集2023年10月至2023年12月在四川大学华西医院肺癌中心行肺癌手术的患者共156例,其中MCT组76例和常规饮食(routine diet,RD)组80例,分析比较两组患者术后临床症状、生化指标、术后住院时间及费用、膳食满意度与住院舒适度等指标的差异。结果术后肛门排气时间MCT组为24.00(9.75,36.97)h,显著短于RD组的28.50(24.00,48.00)h(P<0.001);MCT组头晕和恶心呕吐发生率分别为18.42%和6.58%,显著低于RD组的51.25%和31.25%(P<0.001,P<0.001);MCT组住院舒适度评分为(16.74±1.70)分,显著高于RD组的(14.83±2.34)分(P=0.016);MCT组平均住院费用为(39,701.82±8105.47)￥,显著低于RD组的(44,511.79±9593.19)￥(P=0.007)。结论肺癌患者术后以MCT为主的饮食方案与流程优化有助于促进患者胃肠功能的恢复,提高住院舒适度并加速术后康复。

肝郁气滞、肝胆湿热型胆囊胆固醇沉着症动物模型建立与评价

目的:初步建立并评价肝郁气滞、肝胆湿热证型的胆囊胆固醇沉着症小鼠模型,为深入研究该病的发病机制、病理变化,探索临床治疗方案提供模型支持。方法:48只C57BL/6J雄性小鼠,随机分为空白对照组(WT)、造模3周组(LD-3)、造模6周组(LD-6)、造模9周组(LD-9),每组12只。WT组给予普通饲料+正常饮用水喂养,造模组分别给予3、6、9周高脂高胆固醇饲料+正常饮用水喂养。在造模期间,每日观察小鼠一般情况,分别在3、6、9周麻醉后处死动物,眼眶取血,检测血清中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)含量,取组织标本,采用尼罗红染色观察胆囊脂质沉积情况,红外光谱分析胆汁成分;胆固醇代谢指标:免疫组化法检测肝脏三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体A组1(ABCA1)蛋白表达,进行模型评价。结果:与WT组相比,各组造模小鼠体重显著增加(P<0.05);血清TC水平显著升高(P<0.05),血清TG水平明显降低(P<0.05);胆囊脂质沉积显著,胆汁混浊度增加;肝脏ABCA1蛋白表达明显增加。结论:本研究成功建立小鼠胆囊胆固醇沉着症模型构建方法,符合临床特征。并成功建立肝郁气滞、肝胆湿热证型的疾病证候类型,可为后续针对胆囊胆固醇沉着症发病机制及治疗方法研究提供稳定的动物模型。

改良生酮饮食添加治疗难治性癫痫并发认知障碍患者的疗效

目的探讨改良生酮饮食——中链甘油三酯饮食(Medium chain triglyceride diet,MCTD)添加治疗难治性癫痫并发认知障碍患者的疗效。方法回顾性收集山西医科大学第一医院神经内科门诊及住院部2021年11月至2022年11月难治性癫痫并发认知障碍患者的临床资料,比较MCTD添加治疗前及治疗后3个月癫痫发作频率、1 h视频脑电图、蒙特利尔认知评估(Montreal Cognitive Assessment,MoCA)量表(≥16岁)及韦氏智力量表(6~15岁)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)的变化,评估其疗效。结果①接受MCTD治疗的19例患者中,癫痫发作控制治疗有效率为84.21%。②MCTD治疗后,≥16岁患者中,MoCA量表评分升高(Z=3.007,P=0.002);6~15岁患者中,韦氏智力量表评分升高(Z=2.371,P=0.018)。③伴有焦虑抑郁的患者中,MCTD治疗后,HAMA、HAMD评分降低(Z_(焦虑)=2.67,P_(焦虑)=0.008;Z_(抑郁)=2.809,P_(抑郁)=0.005)。共3例患者退出研究,退出原因有依从性差、经济紧张。结论MCTD可作为难治性癫痫共病认知障碍患者的一项安全、有效的添加治疗方案。

中链甘油三酯的生酮饮食在化疗3个月以上乳腺癌患者中的随机对照研究

目的分析基于中链甘油三酯(MCT)的生酮饮食在接受化疗3个月以上的乳腺癌患者中的应用价值。方法选取武汉市第三医院2021年3月至2023年3月期间入院的乳腺癌患者(接受化疗干预3个月以上)120例,简单随机将其分为对照组(60例)、干预组(60例)。其中,对照组接受传统化疗饮食干预,干预组接受基于MCT的生酮饮食干预,两组患者均实施为期5周的临床观察。比较两组患者干预前、干预1周、2周、3周、5周血酮、血糖及体重情况。同时,比较两组患者炎症指标[C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、白介素-1β(IL-1β)]、免疫指标(CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)T细胞)、肠道门水平优势菌群(厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、变型菌门)、不良反应(恶心、呕吐、腹泻、便秘)、低血糖发生率差异。结果干预1周至5周,干预组血酮水平较干预前升高,且干预组血酮水平高于对照组[(1.84±0.12)mmol/L比(0.41±0.10)mmol/L]、[(2.10±0.11)mmol/L比(0.42±0.09)mmol/L]、[(2.01±0.15)mmol/L比(0.44±0.10)mmol/L]、[(2.00±0.19)mmol/L比(0.43±0.08)mmol/L](P<0.05)。干预1周至5周,干预组血糖水平较干预前升高,且干预组血糖水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。干预5周,与干预前相比,两组患者体重均下降(P<0.05)。干预后,干预组CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)T细胞占比高于对照组[(70.15±6.07)%比(57.62±5.09)%]、[(54.02±5.62)%比(43.06±4.98)%],CD8^(+)T细胞占比[(30.62±3.45)%比(35.62±3.11)%]、炎症指标低于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后,两组患者厚壁菌门、变型菌门丰度均较干预前下降,拟杆菌门较干预前上升,且干预组拟杆菌门丰度高于对照组,厚壁菌门、变型菌门丰度低于对照组(P<0.05)。干预组不良反应总发生率(13.33%,8/60)显著低于对照组(31.67%,19/60)(P<0.05)。结论对接受化疗3个月以上的乳腺癌患者而言,基于MCT的生酮饮食干预可改善患者的整体健康状况、减少化疗的不良反应等,生酮饮食治疗乳腺癌过程安全、可行,可为临床乳腺癌化疗及不良反应改善提供参考。

不同饮食条件下德昂酸茶调控秀丽隐杆线虫脂质代谢的研究

德昂酸茶是一种厌氧发酵的茶,具有独特的微生物群落和大量降脂活性成分。在秀丽隐杆线虫食物中添加德昂酸茶水提物,旨在探讨德昂酸茶对秀丽隐杆线虫脂质代谢的影响。与对照组相比(正常饮食),高糖饮食秀丽隐杆线虫脂质积累和甘油三酯含量显著增加。德昂酸茶对高糖饮食秀丽隐杆线虫的降脂作用显著高于对正常饮食秀丽隐杆线虫。RT-PCR结果显示,高糖饮食秀丽隐杆线虫的固醇调节元件结合蛋白Sbp-1(同源人SREBP)和乙酰辅酶A羧化酶α Pod-2(同源人ACACA)基因显著升高,而德昂酸茶能够降低这两个基因的表达。这表明德昂酸茶水提物能够通过下调sbp-1和pod-2的表达来抑制脂质合成,尤其在高糖饮食条件下作用效果更显著。

Effect of Cholesterol Enriched or Fatty-Acid Diets on Cholesterol and Lipid Levels in Young Wistar Rats

Nutritional intake is a fundamental determinant of health. It is well known that cholesterol rich diets can induce several pathological conditions but detailed mechanism underlying these remains unknown. Wistar rats, an animal strain widely used in the research have been employed to study the effects of dietary interventions due to their metabolic characteristics, which are closer to the human compared to mice. The effect of some components of the western diet, combined with cholesterol in the lipid profile have been studied, but the impact of only cholesterol or fatty-acid diets in such a profile has not been yet characterized. Here we measured the effect of 6 or 16 weeks of dietary intervention with cholesterol enriched diet (CED) or fatty-acid diet (FAD) on cholesterol, triglyceride levels, high density lipoproteins (HDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL). We observed significant differences in body weight only in animals treated with CED or FAD from Week 9 onwards as compared to animals fed the control diet. There were no differences between animals fed with CED or FAD in cholesterol levels at any time point nevertheless, triglyceride levels were significantly increased as compared to control diet in animals under both diets at early time points. Finally, both CED and FAD induced a decrease in HDL as compared to control levels in treatments of more than 6 weeks, whereas LDL transiently increased in animals treated with FAD from 10 to 12 weeks, but after this period LDL levels returned to baseline, suggesting that young rats have a compensatory effect at least for the period of time analyzed here. Here we provide a temporal course on lipid profile of cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDH in Wistar rats treated with CED and FAD diet that can be useful as reference for future studies.

Effect of medium-chain triglycerides on growth performance, nutrient digestibility,plasma metabolites and antioxidant capacity in weanling pigs

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of medium-chain triglycerides(MCTs) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, plasma metabolites and antioxidant capacity in weanling pigs. A total of 160 weanling(Duroc × Landrace x Yorkshire) pigs(age: 21 ± 1 d; body weight: 7.50 ± 0.28 kg) were randomly allotted to 4 treatments, receiving the following diets for 28 d: control diet [containing 3.5%soybean oil(SO)], MCT1 diet(containing 0.7% MCTs and 2.8% SO), MCT2 diet(containing 1.4% MCTs and2.1% SO) and MCT3 diet(containing 2.1% MCTs and 1.4% SO). Dietary inclusion of MCTs improved the average daily gain and feed efficiency(FE) of pigs compared with the control during the first 2 weeks post-weaning(P < 0.05). A similar positive effect was also observed for the overall FE in MCT2 group(P < 0.05). Compared with the control, apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD) of ether extract was improved by MCT2 and MCT3 treatment from day 12-14 post-weaning(P < 0.05). In addition, MCT2 treatment also exerted a beneficial effect on the ATTD of dry matter(P < 0.05). The increased total protein concentration and decreased urea nitrogen and malondialdehyde levels of plasma were observed in both MCT2 and MCT3 groups on day 14 post-weaning(P < 0.05). In conclusion, MCTs could improve growth performance, nutrients utilization, and antioxidant ability of weanling piglets.

In vivo activities of the structured lipids-1,3-dioleic acid 2-palmitic acid triglyceride(OPO)in high-fat diet mice

High-energy diets and lipid metabolism can lead to high levels of total cholesterol,a decrease in antioxidant,enzyme activity,and an increase in oxidative stress and dyslipidemia biomarker.In this study,the in vivo antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant effects of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl triglyceride(OPO)using a high fat-diet model were investigated.The mice were divided into groups including high-fat model group(HF),auxiliary group(AG),positive Control group(PC),low OPO dose group(LO),medium OPO dose group(MO)and high OPO.OPO was administrated to 60 hyperlipidemia induced male Kunming mice at the dosage of 200,400 and 800 mg/kg•d body weight,for 35 days.The results showed that the administration of OPO decreased the body weight from 43.92 g in HF to 37.74 g in HO group,liver index from 3.94%in HF to 3.43 in HO group and kidney index from 1.38 in HF%to 1.17%in HO group.The administration of OPO significantly decreased hyperlipidemia mice's serum triglyceride,total cholesterol,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels at P<0.05.High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were increased with reductions of visceral hypertrophy and fat accumulation in model mice.Furthermore,in the HO group,superoxide dismutase,catalase and glutathione peroxidase levels increased significantly by 27.39,38.33 and 22.90%at(P<0.05),respectively.OPO also significantly reduced the enzyme activity of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in serum at P<0.05.These findings suggested that OPO has potential use in hyperlipidemia treatment and other health-related complications.

肺癌术后短期中链甘油三酯饮食临床效果的前瞻性随机研究

背景与目的中链甘油三酯(medium chain triglyceride,MCT)饮食有助于外科手术患者快速康复,本研究将短期MCT食谱应用于肺癌患者术后早期饮食,探讨肺癌患者术后应用MCT的临床效果。方法 2015年12月-2016年3月四川大学华西胸外科单个医疗组肺癌切除术患者纳入研究患者117例,随机分为MCT组(62例)和常规饮食组(routine diet group,RDG)(55例)。分析两组患者术后白蛋白、肛门排气时间、胸腔闭式引流量及胸腔闭式引流管留置时间、术后住院日、住院费用。结果 MCT组患者术后肛门排气时间[(27.87±14.38)h]短于RDG组[(45.18±8.62)h](P<0.001);术后胸腔引流管留置时间在MCT组[(75.40±48.41)h]少于RDG组[(110.64±94.19)h](P=0.025);术后胸腔引流量在MCT[395m L]组少于RDG组[590m L](P=0.027)。术后住院日在MCT组[(5.26±2.96)d)]短于RDG组[(6.73±3.99)d](P=0.030)。血浆白蛋白术后MCT组[(37.26±2.70)g/L]高于RDG组[(35.92±3.12)g/L](P=0.023)。结论肺癌患者术后短期应用MCT饮食有助于改善胃肠功能快速恢复,且缩短术后住院时间。

肝脏和肌肉脂肪异位沉积与空腹高胰岛素血症的发生

目的:研究高脂高糖饲养大鼠血浆游离脂肪酸和肝脏、肌肉甘油三酯沉积与胰岛素抵抗的关系.方法:健康雄性9周龄SD大鼠20只,随机分为实验组(n=10)高脂高糖饲料饲养和对照组(n=10)普通饲料饲养.实验6wk,比较2组大鼠血浆游离脂肪酸(FFA),血清胰岛素(FINS),空腹血糖(FPG),胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)及肝脏甘油三酯(TG)异位沉积的情况.结果:在实验6wk与对照组比较,①FFA(mmoL/L,0.74±0.04vs0.62±0.05,P<0.01);②FINS(mU/L,31.96±2.58vs12.64±1.35,P<0.01);③FBG(mmoL/L,5.32±0.55vs5.12±0.47,P>0.01);④HOMA-IR(7.57±1.11vs2.87±0.35,P<0.01)均升高;⑤体内脂肪相对含量(g,8.81±1.27vs6.65±0.88,P<0.01);⑥油红染色病理切片计算机半定量分析,肝脏组织中TG含量高于正常对照组(99.5±4.7vs128.5±3.9,P<0.01),肌肉(127.6±3.1vs134.7±2.9,P<0.01)胰腺的TG沉积无明显差异(P>0.05).结论:高脂高糖饲养可以诱导大鼠胰岛素抵抗,其胰岛素抵抗的形成与FFA的增加及肝脏和肌肉组织TG异位沉积有关.

木聚糖酶对尼罗罗非鱼生长及血脂血糖水平的影响

目的研究木聚糖酶对尼罗罗非鱼生长及血脂、血糖水平的影响。方法初始平均体重为106.16±16.77g的尼罗罗非鱼分为小麦基础饲料对照组、0.05%木聚糖酶组、0.10%木聚糖酶组和0.15%木聚糖酶组,每组设5个重复,每个重复放养40尾雄性尼罗罗非鱼。实验采用饱食方式,每天投喂4次(8∶30、11∶30、14∶30、17∶30)。在池塘浮式网箱(1.0m×1.0m×1.3m)中进行饲养实验,75d后测定实验鱼体重、血清总胆固醇(Chol)、甘油三酯(Trig)及血糖(BGlu)的含量。结果与对照组比较,0.05%组和0.10%组的增重率分别提高8.29%和17.45%(P<0.01);0.10%组、0.05%组和0.15%组血清Trig水平较对照组显著增高(分别为P<0.01、P<0.05、P<0.05);0.10%组血清BGlu含量显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。相关分析表明:罗非鱼血脂、血糖与增重率之间均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。结论饲喂不同水平的木聚糖酶可提高尼罗罗非鱼的增重率,对其血脂和血糖水平影响也极为显著。

维生素B_6对草鱼脂肪代谢的影响

应用配合饲料添加维生素B_6对草鱼进行了慢性饲养试验,研究维生素B_6对草鱼脂肪代谢的影响。应用Beckman 42型生化分析仪测定鱼类血液中生化成份含量的变化,以及用放射性^(35)S-蛋氨酸(^(35)S-Met.)同位素进行示踪试验表明,维生素B_6能够显著降低血清中甘油三酯、白蛋白和葡萄糖水平,增高了高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的含量和淀粉酶活力,促进了鱼类机体组织对蛋氨酸的利用。所有的试验结果表明,在配合饲料中添加一定剂量的维生素B_6能够改善草鱼脂肪代谢。

糖尿病金黄地鼠喂饲高脂食物诱发肾脏损伤

目的:利用对高脂食物敏感的金黄地鼠,在注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱发糖尿病后喂饲高脂食物,观察肾脏损伤变化。方法:30只90-100g雄性地鼠首先分成2组,1组注射STZ作为糖尿病组,另1组作为对照。9d后检测血糖,以空腹血糖大于200mg/dL作为糖尿病造模成功的标准,糖尿病动物随机分为2组,分别饲喂普通饲料及高脂高胆固醇饲料,对照组也随机分为2组,分别饲喂以上2种饲料。2周后处死动物,检测血浆中血糖、甘油三酯(TG)及胆固醇(TC)含量,同时进行肾脏组织形态学观察,动物处死前留取24h尿液,检测尿液中白蛋白分泌量。结果:高脂高胆固醇饲料饲喂地鼠2周后,血浆TG极度升高,最高可达14000mg/dL左右,TC达4000mg/dL;对照组地鼠饲喂高脂高胆固醇饲料后TG和TC也明显升高至500mg/dL以上。糖尿病-普通饲料组地鼠肾/体重比、24h尿白蛋白显著增加,但肾脏形态学无显著变化,而喂饲高脂饲料后,糖尿病地鼠肾脏肥大、出现脂质沉积、肾小球系膜细胞增生及系膜基质增多等明显肾脏病理改变。结论:采用高脂高胆固醇饲喂糖尿病地鼠,仅2周出现高脂血症并伴有明显的糖尿病肾病病理改变,为研究糖尿病肾病及其脂代谢的各种机制提供了良好的基础。

高脂饮食诱导建立小鼠高脂血症模型

目的探讨不同配方的高脂饮食对2种不同种系小鼠的高脂血症成模的影响。方法用4种不同配方的高脂饲料对昆明种小鼠和C57BL/6小鼠长期喂饲后,考察体质量和内脏脂肪含量,检测血和肝脏中三酰甘油和总胆固醇的水平。结果不同配方的高脂饲料均可使2种小鼠血浆中总胆固醇水平升高(高脂饲料1对昆明种小鼠:1 892±83mg·L-1vs 691±32mg·L-1,P<0.01),但却降低了小鼠血浆中三酰甘油水平(高脂饲料1对昆明种小鼠:1 125±116mg·L-1vs 2 061±138mg·L-1,P<0.01),高脂饲料中胆固醇和胆酸钠的有无与小鼠肝脏中总胆固醇和三酰甘油水平呈明显正相关,与血浆中三酰甘油水平呈负相关,对血浆胆固醇的水平影响不大。结论采用高脂饮食长期喂饲能成功建立小鼠高胆固醇血症模型,但无法建立小鼠高三酰甘油血症模型。

生酮饮食对人子宫内膜癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤生长的影响

目的：建立人子宫内膜癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型,通过中链甘油三酯（MCT）生酮饮食诱导裸鼠产生酮症,观察生酮饮食对裸鼠肿瘤生长的影响。方法：3-4周龄雌性裸鼠18只,随机分为正常饲料组（SD）、生酮饮食组（KD）和无碳水化合物生酮饮食组（NCKD）3组;裸鼠右侧腋窝皮下注射子宫内膜癌细胞悬液,接种后予以不同饮食饲养;观察期间肿瘤生长情况,测量肿瘤径线并计算体积,于第30天处死裸鼠取瘤称重。结果：7天后观察,与SD组比较,KD组及NCKD组血糖约降低40%,血酮体升高3-5倍;3组裸鼠成瘤率100%;30天后KD组和NCKD组肿瘤体积及重量均小于SD组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,KD组与NCKD组无明显差异（P〉0.05）。结论：中链甘油三酯生酮饮食能抑制肿瘤的生长速度,虽然不能替代传统抗肿瘤治疗方法,但其临床应用价值值得进一步研究。

吡格列酮对实验性动脉粥样硬化大鼠血脂水平的影响及临床意义

目的观察吡格列酮对高脂饮食诱导动脉粥样硬化模型大鼠血脂水平的影响,并探索其临床意义。方法设清洁型SD大鼠26只,随机分为对照组(n=9)、高脂饮食组(n=17),高脂饮食组喂养12周后再随机分为模型组(n=8)和吡格列酮组(n=9),分别给予蒸馏水、蒸馏水(1.5ml/100g)和吡格列酮10mg/(kg·d)灌胃,1次/d,同时继续高脂饮食,干预4周后,检测各组血脂水平并观察主动脉病理形态学改变。结果高脂饮食喂养12周后,与对照组相比,模型组和吡格列酮组三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)显著升高(P<0.01)。给药干预4周后,吡格列酮组干预后TG、TC、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)较干预前明显降低(P<0.01),与模型组比较,吡格列酮组TG、TC水平明显降低(P<0.01)。且可减轻高脂饮食诱导的主动脉内膜增厚和平滑肌细胞增殖。结论吡格列酮可改善高脂血症大鼠血脂水平,延缓主动脉粥样硬化病理改变,提示吡格列酮的抗动脉粥样硬化作用可能部分归于血脂改善效应。