Effects of nitrogen application rate and hill density on rice yield and nitrogen utilization in sodic saline–alkaline paddy fields

Soil salinity and alkalinity can inhibit crop growth and reduce yield,and this has become a global environmental concern.Combined changes in nitrogen (N) application and hill density can improve rice yields in sodic saline–alkaline paddy fields and protect the environment.We investigated the interactive effects of N application rate and hill density on rice yield and N accumulation,translocation and utilization in two field experiments during 2018 and 2019 in sodic saline–alkaline paddy fields.Five N application rates (0 (control),90,120,150,and 180 kg N ha^(-1) (N0–N4),respectively) and three hill densities(achieved by altering the distance between hills,in rows spaced 30 cm apart:16.5 cm (D1),13.3 cm (D2) and 10 cm (D3))were utilized in a split-plot design with three replicates.Nitrogen application rate and hill density significantly affected grain yield.The mathematical model of quadratic saturated D-optimal design showed that with an N application rate in the range of 0–180 kg N ha^(-1),the highest yield was obtained at 142.61 kg N ha^(-1) which matched with a planting density of 33.3×10^(4) ha^(-1).Higher grain yield was mainly attributed to the increase in panicles m^(–2).Nitrogen application rate and hill density significantly affected N accumulation in the aboveground parts of rice plants and showed a highly significant positive correlation with grain yield at maturity.From full heading to maturity,the average N loss rate of the aboveground parts of rice plants in N4 was 70.21% higher than that of N3.This is one of the reasons why the yield of N4 treatment is lower than that of the N3 treatment.Nitrogen accumulation rates in the aboveground parts under treatment N3 (150 kg N ha^(-1)) were 81.68 and 106.07% higher in 2018 and 2019,respectively,than those in the control.The N translocation and N translocation contribution rates increased with the increase in the N application rate and hill density,whereas N productivity of dry matter and grain first increased and then decreased with the increase in N application rate and hill density.Agronomic N-use efficiency decreased with an increase in N application rate,whereas hill density did not significantly affect it.Nitrogen productivity of dry matter and grain,and agronomic N-use efficiency,were negatively correlated with grain yield.Thus,rice yield in sodic saline–alkaline paddy fields can be improved by combined changes in the N application rate and hill density to promote aboveground N accumulation.Our study provides novel evidence regarding optimal N application rates and hill densities for sodic saline–alkaline rice paddies.

The Type of Low-yielding Fields,Using Direction and Land Fertility Building Measures in Suiping County

Using the evaluation indicator system for arable land fertility in Suiping County,this paper analyzes some factors influencing agricultural production,such as physical and chemical properties of soil,site conditions,soil management,and soil nutrients concerning various types of low-yielding fields in the county. In accordance with the dominant soil constraint factors and main direction of improvement,the lowyielding fields in the county are divided into four types: irrigation improvement type,waterlogging drainage type,barren soil fertilization and barrier layer type. Finally this paper offers specific guidance on the construction of arable land.

Synergistic effect of magnetic field and nanocomposite pour point depressant on the yield stress of waxy model oil

Yield stress,as the key parameter to characterize the network strength of waxy oil,is important to the petroleum pipeline safety.Reducing the yield stress of waxy oil is of great significance for flow assurance.In this study,the effect of alternating magnetic field(intensity,frequency)on the yield stress of a waxy model oil with nanocomposite pour point depressant(NPPD)is systematically investigated.An optimum magnetic field intensity and frequency is found for the reduction in yield stress.When adding with NPPD,the heterogeneous nucleation of NPPD contributes to the reduction in yield stress for waxy model oil.Interestingly,the magnetic field is helpful for the modification of yield stress at a lower frequency and intensity before the optimal value;however,the modification is found to be weakened when the magnetic field is further increased after the optimal value.Possible explanation is proposed that the aggregation morphology of wax crystal would be altered and results in the release of wrapped oil phase from the network structure under the magnetic field.

Effect of Sweet Corn Straw Returning to the Field on Soil Fertility, Yield and Benefit

It is an important way for realizing sustainable development of sweet corn production to stabilize and improve soil fertility of cultivated land in sweet corn production region.Through the test of sweet corn straw directly returning to the field after 6seasons for 3years,the results showed that continuous single application of chemical fertilizer is not conducive to the stability of soil fertility and yield improvement,and implementation of straw returning could receive fertility,improve soil acidic conditions,and enhance the yield of sweet corn.Compared with before the test,the single application of chemical fertilizer increased soil available phosphorus,while the contents of soil organic matter,available nitrogen and available potassium decreased by 1.08,1.18 and 2.47mg/kg respectively,and the soil pH decreased by 0.15.Under the same fertilizer conditions,organic matter contents of single and double-season straw returning increased by 0.71 and 1.29g/kg,available nitrogen increased by 17.15 and 28.27mg/kg,available phosphorus increased by 0.96 and 1.73mg/kg,available potassium increased by 2.41 and 5.92mg/kg,the soil pH increased by 0.16 and 0.2.Compared with the single application of chemical fertilizer,the average yields of single and double-season straw returning increased by 7.5%and 11.8%,and their average income increased by 87.3and 117.1yuan of per mu(667m^2)respectively.

Numerical studies of atomic three-step photoionization processes with non-monochromatic laser fields

The atomic selective multi-step photoionization process is a critical step in laser isotope separation.In this work,we study three-step photoionization processes with non-monochromatic laser fields theoretically based on the semi-classical theory.Firstly,three bandwidth models,including the chaotic field model,de-correlation model,and phase diffusion model,are introduced into the density matrix equations.The numerical results are compared with each other comprehensively.The phase diffusion model is selected for further simulations in terms of the correspondence degree to physical practice.Subsequently,numerical calculations are carried out to identify the influences of systematic parameters,including laser parameters(Rabi frequency,bandwidth,relative time delay,frequency detuning)and atomic Doppler broadening,on photoionization processes.In order to determine the optimal match among different systematic parameters,the ionization yield of resonant isotope,and selectivity factor are adopted as evaluation indexes to guide the design and optimization process.The results in this work can provide a rewarding reference for laser isotope separation.

Effects of Amount of Green Manure Returned to Field on Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

The effects of amount of green manure returned to field on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied by field experiment. The results showed that significant positive correlation existed between tobacco leaf yield and small or moderate amount of green manure returned to field. Path analysis showed that moderate amount of green manure returned to field affected yield and quality of tobacco leaves, small green manure returned to field mainly affected leaf yield, while large amount of green manure returned to field mainly affected leaf quality. Therefore, the effect of moderate amount of green manure returned to field on yield and quality of tobacco leaves was best, and moderate amount of green manure returned to field was recommended in production of flue-cured tobacco.

Study on Analysis Model of Millet Yield Loss Caused by Weeds in Summer Season Millet Field

Weed management in summer season foxtall millet field was studied by evaluating weed damage and exploring competition between weeds and foxtail millet, and a few fitting models were simulated and compared by employing field plot experiment and nonlinear regression analysis. The results showed that the millet yield losses and weed density were extremely significantly correlated. Among the tested models, the determination coefficient （ R2 ） of hyperbolic model was 0.997 12, and minimum residual sum of squares was 16.174, which was considered the optimal model to simulate the competition relation between weeds and millet. The predicted equation was Y = d/（ 1. 733 ＋ 0. 018d） ; the interspecific competitiveness of weeds was 0. 577 0 and the intraspecific competitiveness was 0.010 3 ; the maximum loss rate of millet yield was 55.56%. This study had established an analysis model with high gcodness-of-fit and practical prediction which could help weed management in summer season millet field.

Effects of Limited Water Supply and Ridge Plotted Field on Soybean Yield and Dry Matter Accumulation

The drought in spring leads to the lack of soil water, which influents sprout and bud of crops, which furthermore affects growth and yield of crops. Studying the technology integration of bed-irrigating sowing, the mending irrigation of seedling stage and the effect of water-saving of ridge plotted field, analyzing the finger of yield and dry matter accumulation, water-saving technology integration have good effects on water-saving, water storage and increasing moisture on soil and enhancement of soybean yield.

玉米秸秆长期还田配施氮肥对不同筋性小麦品质和产量的影响

为研究玉米秸秆还田配施氮肥对不同筋性小麦品质和产量的影响,采用玉米秸秆还田(SR)、玉米秸秆不还田(NSR)为主因素,0、90、180、270、360 kg·hm^(-2)5个施氮量为副因素的裂区设计,测定了小麦千粒质量、容重、产量、硬度、蛋白质、湿面筋、沉降值、吸水率、面团形成时间、面团稳定时间、延展性、最大延伸阻力和延伸面积等指标。结果表明:玉米秸秆还田降低了小麦的蛋白质和湿面筋含量,且中筋小麦青农2号的降幅大于高筋小麦济南17;玉米秸秆还田显著降低了青农2号的硬度、沉降值、吸水率、面团形成时间和延展性,显著提高了济南17的硬度、吸水率、延展性、最大延伸阻力和延伸面积;2个小麦品种的蛋白质、湿面筋含量均随着施氮量的增加而增加;青农2号的沉降值、吸水率、面团形成时间、面团稳定时间、延展性、最大延伸阻力和延伸面积均随着施氮量的增加而增加,而济南17的吸水率、延展性、最大延伸阻力和延伸面积在施氮量为180 kg·hm^(-2)时最高,沉降值、面团形成时间、面团稳定时间在施氮量为270 kg·hm^(-2)时最高;SR显著提高了小麦产量,比NSR增产15.2%~31.0%,且施氮量为180 kg·hm^(-2)时,小麦产量最高。因此,中筋小麦青农2号的最佳种植模式为玉米秸秆还田+施氮180 kg·hm^(-2),高筋小麦济南17的优质高产栽培模式为玉米秸秆还田+施氮180~270 kg·hm^(-2)。

稗草对机械穴直播水稻产量的影响及其生理机制

为了给机械穴直播水稻高产栽培和杂草综合治理提供科学依据,以苏粳4699为试验材料,自水稻播种后7 d至成熟分别与光头稗和无芒稗共生,以无杂草的水稻处理为对照,研究机械穴直播条件下稗草对水稻产量的影响及其生理机制。结果表明,与对照相比,水稻与稗草共生后产量显著降低,但处理间存在较大差异。光头稗处理显著降低了水稻的每穗粒数、结实率和千粒重,造成水稻减产13.0%,而无芒稗处理的水稻减产55.2%,这主要是由水稻单位面积穗数、每穗粒数、结实率和千粒重的显著降低所致。光头稗和无芒稗处理还显著降低了机械穴直播水稻灌浆期的根系氧化力、剑叶净光合速率、籽粒中玉米素+玉米素核苷含量、灌浆早期的脱落酸含量,籽粒中蔗糖合酶、ADP葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶、淀粉合酶和淀粉分支酶的活性以及成熟期的地上部干物质积累量,上述生理指标的降低可能是机械穴直播水稻在与稗草共生过程中产量降低的重要原因。

半干旱地区秸秆还田对土壤有机碳组分及产量的影响

为了探索半干旱区玉米秸秆还田对土壤有机碳组分和产量的影响,以黑龙江省农业科学院齐齐哈尔分院秸秆长期定位试验田为研究对象,对CK(常规种植)、FM(秸秆翻埋还田)和FG(秸秆覆盖还田)3种处理下土壤颗粒有机碳、水溶性有机碳含量及玉米产量进行分析。结果表明:不同处理各土层均是黏粒(<0.053μm)有机碳含量最高。FM处理4个土层砂粒(>0.250μm)和黏粒(<0.053μm)有机碳含量平均值分别提高了21.78%和20.51%,FG处理分别提高了25.87%和13.52%。FM处理在各土层水溶性有机碳含量最高,在0~10和>10~20 cm土层中顺序为FM>FG>CK,其中FM处理分别较CK增加22.73%和38.25%,FG处理分别较CK提高2.48%和26.32%。在>20~30和>30~40 cm土层中,土壤水溶性有机碳含量依次为FM>CK>FG,其中FG降低幅度分别为14.55%和9.41%,而FM处理增加幅度分别为10.68%和17.85%。不同处理之间穗长、穗粗和穗行数差异不明显。穗粒数顺序为FM>FG>CK,籽粒含水量顺序为FG>CK>FM;产量顺序为FM>FG>CK,FM和FG处理分别较CK增产5.20%和3.20%。

施氮量对川东南冬水田稻鱼共作系统下杂交稻产量和土壤养分的影响

【目的】利用川东南冬水田区连续多年稻鱼共作系统,研究施氮(N)量对免耕栽培杂交稻产量形成和土壤养分的影响,为制定稻鱼共作系统下免耕栽培杂交稻长期、合理的氮肥管理策略提供理论依据。【方法】于2018—2022年在川东南冬水田区开展了5年大田定位试验,供试杂交稻品种为蓉优1015和内6优103,耕作方式为免耕。设置N 0、45、90、135 kg/hm^(2)4个施氮水平,分别记作N_(0)、N_(45)、N_(90)、N_(135)。在水稻收获期,调查杂交稻产量及产量构成因素,分析0—20 cm土层土壤全量和速效氮、磷、钾含量,以及有机质含量和pH,通过回归分析,研究施氮量与水稻产量和土壤养分因子含量变化之间的关系。【结果】稻鱼共作系统下,年份、施氮量对杂交稻产量及产量构成的影响达极显著水平。5年间,杂交稻产量与施氮量均呈极显著正相关(r=0.9070^(**)~0.9720^(**)),与低氮量处理N_(45)相比,N_(90)和N_(135)处理杂交稻产量分别增加了6.37%~26.53%、9.11%~25.11%,单位面积有效穗数和每穗粒数也显著增加。而N_(90)处理杂交稻产量与N_(135)处理相当或更高。逐步回归分析结果表明,杂交稻产量构成(单位面积有效穗数、每穗粒数、结实率和千粒重)与产量的偏相关系数达显著或极显著水平(t=2.20*~9.17^(**))。通径分析结果表明,杂交稻单位面积有效穗数和每穗粒数对产量的直接贡献(分别为0.8754和0.4987)和总贡献(分别为0.6364和0.3598)较大,表明单位面积有效穗数和每穗粒数是影响产量的主要因素。在N_(0)、N_(45)处理下,土壤全氮、碱解氮含量随稻鱼共作年限的增加而下降,而在N_(90)、N_(135)处理下随稻鱼共作年限的增加而增加。土壤全氮、碱解氮含量随施氮量增加而提高,而全磷、全钾、速效磷、速效钾含量则随施氮量增加而下降。杂交稻产量与土壤养分含量呈极显著正相关,可见提高磷素、钾素供给能力是稻鱼共作系统杂交稻高产的重要基础。【结论】川东南冬水田区稻鱼共作系统下,年施氮90 kg/hm^(2)可以提高杂交水稻的单位面积有效穗数和每穗粒数,进而维持甚至提高水稻产量。连续施用中、高量氮肥还可以提升土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量,且随稻鱼共作年限延长呈增加趋势;土壤pH值则随稻鱼共作年限延长呈下降趋势。

塔里木盆地顺北油气田少井高产地质工程一体化做法与关键技术

塔里木盆地顺北油气田埋藏深度为7300~9000m,脆性地层破碎形成的缝洞型储层沿高陡走滑断裂带发育,断裂破碎带内部非均质性极强,且流体性质差异大。面对这类超深复杂的断控缝洞型油气藏,高效成井面临世界级挑战,单井费用高,效益开发难度大,没有现成的经验、技术可借鉴。顺北油气田以项目管理为抓手,建立了独有的“五有五提升”地质工程一体化管理模式,创新形成了“少井高产”七要素关键技术。近几年,少井高产地质工程一体化实现了质的飞跃,落实了4号、8号断裂带2个亿吨级资源阵地,新增石油探明储量为1.53×10^(8)t、天然气探明储量为1620×10^(8)m^(3),4号断裂带共部署井位20口,两年建成了130×10^(4)t油当量产能阵地。与2016年开发动用的1号断裂带相比,高产井成功率提升了35%、单井产能提升了316%、单井发现探明储量提升了55%,实现了高效勘探,效益开发,其经验对其他同类型油藏开发具有较好的借鉴意义。

不同种植方式对高寒旱区地膜小麦耗水特征和产量的影响

于2019—2022年在陇中高寒旱区以裸地条播为对照(CK),设置全膜覆土穴播(FM)和膜侧沟播(FS)两种覆盖方式,研究不同覆盖种植方式对冬小麦耗水特性、生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明:与CK相比,FM和FS处理播种期~拔节期0~20 cm土层土壤温度分别平均提高3.1℃和2.1℃,灌浆期分别降低0.6℃和1.0℃。覆盖能不同程度提高冬小麦各生育期0~200 cm土层土壤含水量,其中出苗期、返青期、拔节期和灌浆期提高幅度均高于20%。与CK相比,FM处理返青后冬小麦耗水量平均显著提高29.2%,返青前显著降低42.4%;FS处理返青期~灌浆期耗水量提高12.6%,返青前降低25.7%。各处理冬小麦基本苗、分蘖数、公顷穗数、穗粒数、千粒重和产量均表现为FM>FS>CK,处理间差异显著,其中FM和FS处理产量分别较CK平均提高74.7%和45.4%;处理间耗水量差异不显著;FM处理水分利用效率最大,较CK平均提高67.3%,FS次之,较CK平均提高46.1%。综上,地膜覆盖可调节土壤水分状况,改善冬小麦生长发育和成穗情况,显著提高产量和水分利用效率,其中全膜覆土穴播调节效应优于膜侧沟播,是适宜在高寒旱区地膜小麦生产中推广应用的种植方式。

天水市旱作区春玉米—冬油菜秸秆带膜翻压还田栽培模式研究

为解决区域内春玉米—冬油菜一膜两用技术中秸秆利用不合理、土壤有机质含量低、有机肥投入不足、化肥施用不合理、土壤水分利用不足、肥料利用率较低等一系列问题,在天水市旱作区开展了春玉米—冬油菜秸秆带膜翻压还田栽培模式研究,以期为区域内化肥减施、地力提升和农业可持续发展提供依据。结果表明,秸秆粉碎带膜翻压还田可以提高玉米籽粒产量7.96%、冬油菜籽粒产量9.91%,增加0~20 cm土壤有机质、全磷、有效磷含量(分别增加2.53 g/kg、0.08 g/kg、10.93 mg/kg),缓冲土壤pH值,影响土壤速效钾、硝态氮和铵态氮水平。

深松与秸秆覆盖还田对半干旱区土壤碳组分和玉米产量的影响

为促进黑龙江省西部半干旱区土壤固碳和玉米增产,以黑龙江省农业科学院耕作与秸秆长期定位试验田为研究对象,以CK(常规种植)、NFG(秸秆覆盖还田)、SFG(深松+秸秆覆盖还田)3种处理对土壤有机碳、不同粒径有机碳、水溶性有机碳含量及玉米产量的影响进行分析,研究深松与秸秆覆盖还田对半干旱区土壤碳组分和玉米产量的影响。结果表明,(1)本试验中,在0~10 cm和10~20 cm土层的土壤有机碳和水溶性有机碳含量顺序均为SFG>NFG>CK。(2)<0.053 mm粒级团聚体有机碳含量明显高于>0.250 mm和0.053~0.250 mm粒级,在0~10 cm土层,SFG、NFG处理土层>0.250 mm、<0.053 mm和0.053~0.250 mm粒级团聚体有机碳含量均比对照CK提高10%以上。(3)在10~20 cm土层,SFG处理>0.250 mm粒级和NFG处理0.053~0.250 mm粒级团聚体有机碳含量增加较为明显。(4)不同处理之间玉米穗长、穗粗和穗行数差异不显著,穗粒数和产量差异达到显著水平,其中SFG和NFG处理分别较CK产量提高了28.57%和15.10%。产量与土壤有机碳含量之间呈极显著正相关关系,与团聚体有机碳和水溶性有机碳含量呈显著正相关关系。

贵州青黄泥田重金属元素低积累水稻品种筛选

以贵州中部地区近年主栽的10个水稻品种为试验材料,在中轻度重金属复合污染农田土壤上开展田间原位小区试验,探究不同水稻品种对镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、铅(Pb)、镍(Ni)、铜(Cu)和锌(Zn)的吸收累积能力差异,并筛选出适宜贵州中部青黄泥田种植的重金属低累积水稻品种。结果表明,不同水稻品种根区土壤重金属含量存在一定的田间异质性,且同一品种的重复之间也具有一定的田间异质性;不同水稻品种糙米对不同重金属元素累积具有显著性差异,参试水稻品种糙米对重金属的富集能力强弱整体表现为Zn>Cd>Cr>Cu>Ni>Pb。水稻品种间对同一典型有害重金属元素的累积存在显著差异,按照糙米中重金属含量进行聚类分析,可以把水稻品种划分为较高值类、中间值类和较低值类3个类别。10个水稻品种糙米综合污染指数(P_(Z))(0.94~3.34)介于无污染至重度污染之间,Cr为主要污染贡献者,其单项污染指数(P_(i))在0.47~1.94之间。供试水稻品种产量在8242.8~13434.0 kg/hm^(2)之间,平均产量为10843.8 kg/hm^(2),极差相差较大,为47.9%。筛选出宜香优800为适宜该地种植的重金属低积累水稻品种。

不同施肥处理对退砂田西瓜产量、品质及养分吸收的影响

为筛选出适合退砂田西瓜种植的施肥措施,采用田间大区对比试验,以金城5号西瓜为供试作物,研究了不施肥(CK)、大量元素水溶肥、大量元素水溶肥+生物菌肥、生物菌肥、沼液肥对西瓜产量、养分吸收和品质的影响。结果表明,水溶肥+生物菌肥处理下西瓜经济产量最高,为51.4 t·hm^(-2)。水溶肥或其配施生物菌肥促进了西瓜植株、果实和地上部氮吸收,同时促进了果实和地上部钾吸收。水溶肥处理下西瓜氮肥利用率最高(31.2%),沼液肥处理下磷(15.5%)、钾(39.2%)肥利用率较高。西瓜总糖与总酸、维生素C含量之间分别呈显著和极显著正相关。施肥处理显著提高了西瓜品质,水溶肥+生物菌肥处理效果明显。因此,综合考虑西瓜的产量、养分吸收和品质,退砂田施用水溶肥或其配施生物菌肥可实现西瓜高产优质生产。

不同产量水平麦田植株氮素转运和籽粒氮素积累的差异

【目的】提高开花后营养器官氮素转运量和开花后氮素积累量,改善籽粒氮素积累特性,有利于提高小麦氮素积累量和产量。为明确不同产量水平麦田植株氮素利用效率差异形成的生理机制,缩小产量差和提高氮素利用率,实现小麦高产高效生产提供理论依据。【方法】于2020—2022年连续两年在山东省小孟镇史王村进行大田试验,以烟农1212为种植材料,选择常年冬小麦产量水平在10500 kg·hm^(-2)(S)、9000 kg·hm^(-2)(H)和7500 kg·hm^(-2)(M)左右的3个产量水平麦田,比较分析不同产量水平麦田植株氮素积累与转运、籽粒氮素积累特征和籽粒产量的差异。【结果】相较于H和M麦田,S麦田显著提高了单位面积穗数和千粒重,籽粒产量比H、M麦田分别高19.64%—27.91%、51.68%—80.87%,从而获得了最高的氮素吸收效率、氮肥偏生产力和氮素收获指数;S麦田开花期营养器官氮素积累量较H、M麦田分别提高14.22—42.11、53.74—103.16 kg·hm^(-2),成熟期营养器官氮素积累量表现为S、H>M;与H和M麦田相比,S麦田显著提高了开花前营养器官氮素的转运量和开花后氮素积累量,提高了开花后营养器官氮素积累量对籽粒的贡献率,从而获得最高的成熟期籽粒氮素积累量;S麦田显著提高了开花后旗叶游离氨基酸和可溶性蛋白含量,促进了氮素的源库间转运;Logistic方程拟合可知,S麦田显著提高了籽粒氮素最大积累速率和平均积累速率,延长籽粒氮素积累持续时间,是其获得最高籽粒氮素积累量的主要原因。【结论】S麦田适宜的土壤环境显著提高了单位面积穗数和千粒重,有利于促进营养器官贮存氮素向籽粒的转运量,提高籽粒氮素积累速率,延长籽粒氮素积累持续期,是其获得最高籽粒产量和氮肥利用效率的主要原因。

除草与磷肥用量对油菜和杂草生长及磷肥利用率的影响

油菜产量潜力受草害、肥料等影响,优化杂草管理和磷肥用量在直播油菜种植中发挥着关键作用。在湖北省武汉市开展田间试验,设置2种杂草管理措施(不除草、除草)和4个施磷水平(P_(2)O_(5)0、45、90、135 kg·hm^(-2),分别用P_(0)、P_(45)、P_(90)、P_(135)表示),测定油菜籽产量、产量构成因子、油菜和杂草的生物量及磷积累量,并分析磷肥利用率。结果表明,不论除草与否,P_(90)处理油菜籽产量最高,且与不除草相比,除草后P_(90)油菜籽产量提高了66.3%,施磷和除草均主要通过增加收获密度和单株角果数来促进增产。不论除草与否,在施磷90 kg·hm^(-2)范围内,油菜和杂草的生物量及磷积累量均随施磷量的增加显著增加,除草后更有利于提高油菜相对于杂草的生物量和磷素竞争力;与不除草相比,除草后3个时期的杂草生物量在总生物量中的占比分别平均降低了58.8%、67.1%和60.4%;此外,不除草时杂草磷积累量占总磷积累量的42.0%~62.0%,而除草后这种比值随着生育期进程的推进不断缩小。除草和施磷对油菜磷肥利用率存在显著的交互效应,与不除草相比,除草后油菜的磷肥利用率平均增加了18.2%。在油菜-杂草农田体系中,直播油菜田中杂草养分吸收的情况需要引起重视,除草和施磷可以显著提高油菜的生物量和磷积累量,增加油菜在总体系中的磷肥利用率占比,从空间和养分上削弱杂草的竞争优势,有效地提高油菜产量和磷肥利用率。