Inhibitory Effects of Flufenamic Acid and Mefenamic Acid on Experimental Uveitis in Rabbits

The experimental uveitis was induced by injecting lens protein into the antertor cham- ber of rabbit's eye.A special fluorophotometer was used for objectively measuring the flaoreseein level in the anterior chamber of the eve to rellect the degree of inflammation.When administered in- travenously.the inhibitory effects of flufenamic acid and mefenamic acid on experimental uveius showed a dose-dependent relationship,The former at dosages 5.0.12.5 and 250 mg kg decreased the areas under the time-response curve to 22.3%.11.5% and 9.3% of the control.respcctively:however the latter at dosages 6.2.12.5 and 25.0 mg/kg decreased the areas under the curve to 35.5%.21.0% and 8.6% of the control,respectively.When instilled by ocular route.50μl of 1% eye-drops of flufenmic acid or mefenamic acid lowered the fluoreseein levels of treated eyes as well as contra-lateral eyes.The areas under the time-response curve for treated eyes were decreased to 20.3% of the control and those of contra-lateral eyes to about 50% of the control.The results indicate that both flufenamic and mefenamic acids,applied intravenously or topically,can inhibit ocular inflammation.

A new self-emulsifying formulation of mefenamic acid with enhanced drug dissolution

To enhance the dissolution of poorly soluble mefenamic acid,self-emulsifying formulation(SEF),composing of oil,surfactant and co-surfactant,was formulated.Among the oils and surfactants studied,Imwitor■ 742,Tween■ 60,Cremophore■ EL and Transcutol■ HP were selected as they showed maximal solubility to mefenamic acid.The ternary phase diagram was constructed to find optimal concentration that provided the highest drug loading.The droplet size after dispersion and drug dissolution of selected formulations were investigated.The results showed that the formulation containing Imwitor■ 742,Tween■ 60 and Transcutol■ HP(10:30:60)can encapsulate high amount of mefenamic acid.The dissolution study demonstrated that,in the medium containing surfactant,nearly 100% of mefenamic acid were dissolved from SEF within 5 min while 80% of drugs were dissolved from the commercial product in 45 min.In phosphate buffer(without surfactant),80% of drug were dissolved from the developed SEF within 5 min while only about 13% of drug were dissolved in 45 min,from the commercial product.The results suggested that the SEF can enhance the dissolution of poorly soluble drug and has a potential to enhance drug absorption and improve bioavailability of drug.

Trace analysis of mefenamic acid in human serum and pharmaceutical wastewater samples after pre-concentration with Ni-Al layered double hydroxide nano-particles

In this work, the nickel-aluminum layered double hydroxide （Ni-Al LDH） with nitrate interlayer anion was synthesized and used as a solid phase extraction sorbent for the selective separation and pre-concentration of mefenamic acid prior to quantification by UV detection at λmax ？ 286 nm. Extraction procedure is based on the adsorption of mefenamate anions on the Ni-Al（NO3？ ） LDH and/or their exchange with LDH interlayer NO3？ anions. The effects of several parameters such as cations and interlayer anions type in LDH structure, pH, sample flow rate, elution conditions, amount of nano-sorbent and co-existing ions on the extraction were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the calibration graph was linear within the range of 2-1000 mg/L with a correlation coefficient of 0.9995. The limit of detection and relative standard deviation were 0.6 mg/L and 0.84% （30 mg/L, n ？ 6）, respectively. The presented method was successfully applied to determine of mefenamic acid in human serum and pharmaceutical wastewater samples.

Optimum Kinetic Parameters of Mefenamic Acid Crystallization by PBM

Mefenamic acid (MA) is a high-dose, anti-inflammatory, analgesic agent that is widely prescribed for pain related to menstrual disorders. It has some negative properties, such as a high hydrophobicity with a propensity to stick to surfaces, and possess great problems during granulation and tableting. Crystallization kinetics was investigated for mefenamic acid. Availability of data on the kinetics of crystal growth is very important for the development and operation of industrial crystallisation processes. The experiments for the measurement of crystal growth kinetics were carried out using the desupersaturation curve technique based on the measurement of the solution concentration versus time in a seeded isothermal batch experiment. To predict the optimum parameters (b, kb, g, kg) for the nucleation and growth kinetics from the desupersaturation curve obtained, the Population Balance Modelling was used and solved by the method of moments. The initial values for the optimisation problem were estimated by using the approach developed by Garside et al. (1982) [1].

Investigation and Application of Polarographic Catalytic Wave of Oxygen Reduction Caused by Mefenamic Acid

The polarographic catalytic wave of oxygen reduction caused by mefenamic acid (MA) with redox properties was reported in this paper. The electrochemical process of the catalytic wave was proposed that the superoxide anion O(?) was generated polarographically and the dismutation of the O(?) was catalyzed by MA to reproduce O_2 and H_2O_2. This explained chemically the scavenging of the O_2^- by MA im biomedical area. Based on the catalytic wave, a new method for the determination of MA by single-sweep polarography was developed.

Quality assessment and dissolution profile comparison studies on 250-mg mefenamic acid tablets available in local market of Karachi

In the present study, we aimed to determine the quality of different brands(Test1–Test6) of mefenamic acid, which are commercially available in local market of Karachi, Pakistan. Various quality evaluation tests, including weight variation, hardness, thickness, friability, disintegration, assay and drug release, were carried out. Results were found to be in acceptable limits. Moreover, release profiles were compared using different dissolution media, such as phosphate buffer pH 6.8, 7.4 and biorelevant media(FaSSGF, FaSSIF, FeSSIF and SCoF). Release profiles at pH 6.8 and 7.4 were evaluated by one--way ANOVA, model-independent and model--dependent methods. Results of ANOVA showed that no significant difference was found among tester and reference brands(Test1–Test6). Similarly, all the brands were found to be best fitted with Weibull model.

Effect of kinesiotaping over medications on primary dysmenorrhea among nulligravida women-a randomized clinical control trail

Background:Dysmenorrhea is cramping pain in the lower abdomen or pelvis during menstruation.It is the most common gynecologic problem for all ages and racial women.The objective of the study is to find the efficacy of kinesio taping among nulligravida women with dysmenorrhea on pain and functional independence.Methods:A total of 115 patients attending the Obstetrics and Gynecology outpatient department were screened and 66 subjects after satisfying inclusion criteria were recruited and randomly divided into two groups,Group A(control)(n=32)and Group B(Experimental)(n=34)by computerized randomization after attaining written consent.Group A received single day dose of pain-relieving medications containing Dicyclominee(10 mg)and Mefenamic acid(250 mg)administered three times a day on the recommendation of a gynecologist.Group B was applied kinesio taping for three days starting from the day of menstruation.Global pain scale(GPS)was used to assess the pain and functional independence,pre-intervention,12 hours,24 hours and,48 hours after the intervention.Results:There was improvement in both the groups in pain and functional independence.But experimental group demonstrated higher GPS scores when compared to Control group,however,the results are not statistically significant at P<0.05.Conclusion:From the results attained,this study concludes that kinesiotaping alleviates pain due to primary dysmenorrhea and improves functional independence.