Phytochemistry of the essential oil of Melissa officinalis L. growing wild in Morocco: preventive approach against nosocomial infections

Objective: To determine the phytochemical characterization and antibacterial activity of Melissa oi cinalis essential oil against bacteria responsible for nosocomial infections.Methods: The phytochemical characterization of essential oil was evaluated using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer analysis. Antibacterial activity of the oil was tested against four bacterial strains responsible for nosocomial infections: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus and Citrobacter koseri using disc dif usion method.Results: Thirty three components were identified representing 89.30% of the total oil composition. The yield of essential oil was 0.4% and the predominant components were citronellal(14.40%), isogeraniol(6.40%), geraniol acetate(10.20%), nerol acetate(5.10%), caryophyllene(8.10%) and β-caryophyllene oxide(11.00%). Antibacterial activity of the oil showed the higher activity against all bacterial strains tested.Conclusions: The essential oil extracted from lemon balm can be used to clean the environment of reanimation polyvalent and anesthesia service.

Melissa officinalis and rosmarinic acid in management of memory functions and Alzheimer disease

Alzheimer disease(AD) as worldwide progressive neurodegenerative disease is prevalent disease among elderly population. Due to limitation in chemical drugs along with their adverse effects of these treatments, research for finding more effective natural drugs, is one of interesting subjects among the scientists. Melissa officinalis(M. officinalis) has a long history of use in treatment of nervous system diseases. This review article evaluates the potency of M. officinalis in treatment of AD by review of experimental and clinical documents on the efficacy, safety and its mechanisms of action in management of AD. The information is extracted from electronic resources(PubMed, Wiley, Springer and Science Direct), English and Persian scientific books. In spite of different scientific and non-scientific reports on the use of M. officinalis and its main component of rosmarinic acid in neurodegenerative diseases, there is only one clinical trial on the efficacy of M. officinalis ethanol extract in management of AD. Different mechanisms of action for M. officinalis, including inhibitory effects against amyloid beta, reactive oxygen species, and acetylcholine esterase, are involved. Larger clinical trials are recommended to confirm the efficacy and safety of M. officinalis extracts in treatment of AD patients.

浅析Melissa病毒代码

随着信息时代的不断前进以及Windows系统的统治地位,人们在日常工作中频繁接触Office办公软件;另一方面随着计算机技术不断的发展,宏病毒也随之产生并不断衍生。然而Office办公软件的使用群体普遍是一些不具备计算机安全和病毒防御素养的群体,所以对于宏病毒的学习和研究是很有必要的。本文就Melissa病毒的代码作一个简单分析。

Estimation of Some Plant Secondary Products in Urtica dioica L., Viola odorata L. and Melissa officinalis L. Naturally Grown in Hawraman-Kurdistan Region of Iraq

The plant aerial parts of three species, Urtica dioica L., Viola odorata L. and Melissa officinalis L. were collected at randomly-different locations, according to altitudes in May 2010. The aerial parts of Urtica were collected within three replications from different locations： Biare 1,090 masl （meters above sea level）, Tawile 1,450 masl and Awiser 1,680 masl. The aerial parts of Viola and Melissa were collected randomly within three replications at different locations： Biare 1,090 masl, Degashikhan 1,250 masl and Tawile 1,450 masl. The extracts of the aerial parts of these species were purified by filtrations for several times in preparation for HPLC analyses. The chromatograms of Urtica indicated the presence of five major important alkaloid components （fragrine, benzylisoquinoline, scopoletin, glucoquinone and dotriacotaine） and ten major important phenolic compounds （formic acid, tannin, chlorogenic acid, caffeoylmalic acid, anthocyanine, quercetin, zeaxanthin, luetin epoxide, coumarine and vanillin）. All the concentrations of alkaloid and phenolic compounds were increased significantly due to higher altitudes, except that of alkaloid dotriacotaine. The chromatograms of Viola indicated the presence of four major important alkaloid components （violine, isoquinoline, cycloviolacin and luteolin-3-glucoronide） and ten major important phenolic compounds （formic acid, tannin, chlorogenic acid, caffeoylmalic acid, anthocyanine, quercetin, zeaxanthin, luetin epoxide, coumarine and vanillin）. The results of the influence of altitudes showed that the concentrations of all alkaloids and phenolic compounds were increased significantly due to higher altitudes, except that of the alkaloid luteolin-3-glucoronide and the phenolic compounds zeaxanthin and luetin epoxide. The chromatograms of Melissa indicated the presence of five major essential oils （pinene, linalool, citronellol, geraniol and rosmarinic acid）. Their quantitative evaluations were influenced by altitudes indicating that the concentrations of all oils were increased significantly due to the higher altitude, except that of the pinene.

电子邮件病毒“美丽杀手”(Melissa)在注册表中的注释

Melissa病毒在传染Office 2000时,首先从注册表中检查其安全保护级别,如果注册表中HKEY-CURRENT-USER\Software\Microsoft\Office\9.0\Word\Security\“Level”

千面杀手——Melissa及其变种病毒揭密

目前,网络正在不断地向全球扩展,由此引发的电子邮件病毒也随之汹汹而来。要想进行有效地防范,您得首先认清它的庐山真面目,请看——

由“Melissa”作者入狱谈起

“Melissa”计算机病毒作者Smith近日被宣判入狱,但却改变不了自Melissa病毒爆发以来,电子邮件类型计算机病毒越来越快的散播速度(如下表所示)。电子邮件病毒,可以在短短几天扩散到全球各个联接互联网的地方。由此,在电子邮件进入企业的第一道关口设置防毒墙非常关键。

警惕电子邮件中的宏病毒——Melissa

１９９９年３月２６日国际计算机安全权威机构发布最新病毒公告称：发现了一种新型的名为Ｗ９７Ｍ／Ｍｅｌｉｓａ的宏病毒，该病毒传染Ｗｏｒｄ９７和Ｗｏｒｄ２０００。并已通过电子邮件这一传染途径在全球迅速传播开来。随后的１６小时这个名叫“美丽杀手”（Ｍｅｌｉｓ...

The application of Melissa officinalis L.essential oil nanoemulsions protects sea bass(Lateolabrax japonicus)against myofibrillar protein and lipid oxidation during refrigeration

Objectives:The nutrient rich sea bass is prone to oxidation of lipid and protein during refrigeration.Materials and Methods:The research was to investigate the effect of different concentrations of Melissa officinalis L.essential oil(MOEO)nanoemulsions on myofibrillar protein(MP)and lipid oxidation in sea bass(Lateolabrax japonicus)during refrigeration at 4°C.Results:The results of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and mitochondrial membrane potential showed that carboxymethyl chitosan/locust bean gum active coating solutions incorporating 2%MOEO nanoemulsions(C/L-2M)was the most effective in inhibiting lipid oxidation that occurred in sea bass under attack by reactive oxygen species.Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance results showed that C/L-2M maximally slowed the conversion of bound water to free water during storage.The oxidation of lipids and MP disrupted the secondary and tertiary conformations of MP and accelerated protein aggregation and degradation.Conclusions:C/L-2M slowed the oxidation of lipids and proteins by inhibiting the oxidation of reactive oxygen species.C/L-2M is a very promising preservative emulsion for the preservation of sea bass.

新外来中药香蜂草的药性探讨

香蜂草为唇形科植物Melissa officinalis L.的叶。原产于欧洲地中海地区,欧洲、北美、亚洲各大洲均有分布,我国的中南、西南部以及台湾也有野生种分布。香蜂草在国外有长久的应用历史,被广泛应用于治疗精神和中枢神经系统疾病、心血管疾病等。也作为抗焦虑药、睡眠辅助剂以及解毒剂。目前香蜂草在我国作为香料使用,并有多种以香蜂草为原料的专利。中医药学自古就广泛吸收外来药物不断扩大我国中药资源,如藿香、丁香、木香等源自域外的“香药”至今也是我国的常用中药。将香蜂草列入中药潜在的引入对象进行研究,以其临床研究和应用文献为基础,结合中医药理论对香蜂草的中药药性进行理论分析。结果为香蜂草药性辛、凉,归心、肝经,具有宁心安神益智、疏肝解郁、缓急止痛的功效,用于治疗心神不宁,失眠,健忘,心悸;情志抑郁,烦躁多虑;腹痛、牙痛等症状。

Chemical composition and laboratory investigation of Melissa officinalis essential oil against human malarial vector mosquito,Anopheles stephensi L.(Diptera:Culicidae)

Objective:To decide the larvicides,ovicidal,pupicidal and repellent activity of Melissa officinalis(M.officinalis)chemical compositions against important mosquito Anopheles stephensi(An.stephensi)(Diptera:Culicidae).Methods:A chemical constituent of 24 compounds was identified in the oils of M.officinalis compounds representing to 98.73%.A total of 253rd instar larvae of An.stephensi were showed to a variety of concentrations(30-300 mg/L)in laboratory by means of utilizing the standard procedure portrayed by World Health Organization(2005).The larvae were exposed for 24 h and mortalities were subjected to probit analysis.The ovicidal activity was strong-minded against An.stephensi mosquito to a variety of concentrations ranging from 15-90 mg/L under the laboratory circumstances.The repellent activity of M.officinalis chemical compositions tested at concentrations of 0.75 and 1.50 mg/cm^(2)was evaluated in a net cage(45 cm×45 cm×40 cm)including 100 blood starving female mosquitoes of An.stephensi using the methods of World Health Organization(1996).Results:The LC_(50)and LC_(90)values of citronellal compound against An.stephensi larvae were 85.44 and 159.73 mg/L,respectively.Mean percent hatchability of the ovicidal action was observed 48 h post-treatment.Similarly,the citronellal compound and other compositions were found to be mainly effective against eggs of An.stephensi.Citronellal compound exerted 45,60,75 and 90 mg/L against An.stephensi,respectively.The repellent activity of citronellal compound was contained to be mainly effective and the maximum action was observed at 0.75 and 1.50 mg/cm^(2)concentrations giving 100%protection up to 210 min against An.stephensi.Conclusions:This current study was undertaken to evaluate the larvicidal,ovicidal,repellent potential of compounds from the M.officinalis essential oil against An.stephensi.This is initial statement on the mosquito larvicidal,ovicidal and repellent activity of M.officinalis chemical compositions.

杂交葡萄‘M10’及其亲本叶片解剖结构与光合特性研究

以杂交葡萄‘M10’及其母本‘白木纳格’、父本‘莫莉莎无核’为材料,观测叶片解剖结构与光合特性。结果表明:‘M10’与‘白木纳格’在叶片厚度、上表皮厚度、下表皮厚度、主脉厚度和海绵组织厚度等指标有显著差异,与‘莫莉莎无核’在叶片厚度、上表皮厚度、下表皮厚度、主脉厚度、栅栏组织厚度和海绵组织厚度等指标有显著差异。果实膨大期‘M10’没有光合午休,而父母本存在不同程度的光合午休;叶片净光合速率日均值方面,‘白木纳格’最大,其次是‘M10’,‘莫莉莎无核’最小;净光合速率与栅栏组织厚度极显著正相关。转色期‘M10’的最大净光合速率极显著低于‘白木纳格’且极显著高于‘莫莉莎无核’。可见,杂交葡萄‘M10’与其亲本的叶组织结构、光合特性均存在显著差异;‘M10’的光合能力介于父、母本之间;‘M10’及其亲本果实膨大期叶片光合能力与栅栏组织厚度极显著正相关。

2种方法提取香蜂花叶挥发性成分的GC-TOFMS分析

[目的]分析研究香蜂花叶挥发性成分含量,探讨不同提取方法提取香蜂花叶中的挥发性成分的差异。[方法]采用GC-TOFMS仪分析测定,由同时蒸馏萃取法和超声波辅助提取法分别提取的香蜂花叶挥发油,用峰面积归一法计算各个组分相对含量。[结果]从同时蒸馏萃取物中分离出93种成分,鉴定出41种成分,占化合物检出总量的89.79%;其中含有的最主要成分为香叶醛(24.54%);从超声波辅助提取物中分离出67种成分,鉴定出31种成分,占化合物检出总量的92.26%;其中含有的最主要成分为棕榈酸(30.80%)。[结论]不同提取方法提取的挥发性成分的组成和相对含量存在明显不同。

建立企业完整的防病毒体系

近年来计算机病毒肆虐，“尼姆达(Nimda)”、“SirCam”、“求职信”等计算机病毒轮番上阵，通过电子邮件、局域网，Internet、文件系统、广泛传播，一个对计算机网络系统依赖很强的企业，必须建立可靠、安全的防病毒系统，保证应用系统的正常运行。

柠檬香蜂草对铜的耐性及其积累特征研究

以柠檬香蜂草(Melissa officinalis)幼苗为材料,设置不同浓度Cu^(2+)胁迫(CK、200、400、800和1 000mg·kg^(-1))盆栽实验,测定胁迫0、7、14、21、28d后植物生物量、叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶活性、可溶性蛋白含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量以及植物体内Cu含量等指标,探讨柠檬香蜂草对Cu^(2+)的耐受性及其积累特征。结果表明:(1)相同处理时间下,柠檬香蜂草除MDA含量外其他所有指标均随着Cu^(2+)胁迫处理浓度的增加呈低浓度促进、高浓度抑制的变化趋势,且高浓度组(800和1 000mg·kg^(-1))与低浓度组(200和400mg·kg^(-1))之间差异显著(P<0.05);MDA含量在1 000mg·kg^(-1)浓度下持续增长至第14天后开始下降。(2)柠檬香蜂草体内Cu的积累量随Cu胁迫浓度的升高呈先增加后减少的趋势,并在浓度为400mg·kg^(-1)时达到最高值(0.71mg/盆)。(3)在整个胁迫过程中,柠檬香蜂草植株的铜富集系数及其耐性系数均随Cu浓度的增加而减小,各处理浓度对Cu的耐性系数均大于0.5,富集系数均大于1。研究发现,柠檬香蜂草对Cu胁迫具有一定耐受性和富集能力,具有成为铜污染土壤修复植物的潜力。

不同保鲜剂处理对茉莉莎葡萄贮藏品质和生理生化的影响

以茉莉莎葡萄果实为试材,分别采用8包CT2保鲜剂、5包简化保鲜剂、SO2熏蒸24 h+8包CT2保鲜剂和SO2熏蒸24 h+5包简化保鲜剂进行处理,于(0±1)℃、相对湿度(90±5)%条件下贮藏,研究不同保鲜剂处理方式对其贮藏期间品质和生理生化指标的影响。结果表明:保鲜剂处理可增强茉莉莎葡萄果实的耐贮藏性,有效降低贮藏期间的掉粒率、失重率和腐烂率,减少可溶性固形物、VC和可滴定酸含量的下降,维持葡萄果实和果皮的硬度,保持较好的外观品质和风味,另外还能抑制丙二醛(MDA)的积累和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性的上升,保持较高的总酚、总糖含量以及过氧化物酶(POD)活性,延缓衰老,延长贮藏时间。其中以处理Ⅳ即SO2熏蒸24 h+5包简化保鲜剂处理的保鲜效果最佳。

香蜂草秋季光合特性研究

采用Li-6400便携式光合测定仪对香蜂草的光合特性进行了研究,并测定了叶绿素含量。结果表明:香蜂草的净光合速率日变化为双峰型,有明显的"午休"现象。净光合速率与蒸腾速率、气孔导度呈正相关,与胞间CO2浓度呈负相关。日净光合速率最大值为4.02μ.mol·m-2·s-1。在400μmol·mol-1CO2浓度下,香蜂草光补偿点为49.68μmol·m-2·s-1,光饱和点为1103μmol·m-2·s-1。叶绿素a/b为0.6798。香蜂草光合特性表现为的阳性耐荫植物。

蜂花前清方(蜂花前清茶)治疗慢性非细菌性前列腺炎随机对照临床研究

目的:初步评价蜂花前清方(蜂花前清茶)治疗慢性非细菌性前列腺炎的安全性和有效性。方法:采用随机对照方法将90名患者分为试验组和对照组,每组45例,进行为期10周的临床观察。试验组患者服用蜂花前清茶,2次/d,每次2袋;对照组患者口服特拉唑嗪,1次/d,每次1片。本研究以NIHCPSI量表为主要评价指标来观察临床疗效。所有数据采用SPSS190软件处理。结果:参照NIHCPSI量表评分,两组患者总有效率依次为795%、415%,其差异具有统计学意义(P<005)。结论:蜂花前清方(蜂花前清茶)治疗慢性非细菌性前列腺炎在疼痛、排尿等方面有独特优势。

香蜂草精油的药理与应用研究概况

香蜂草为唇形科著名草药,具有极高的保健和医疗价值。近年来研究表明,其精油具有镇静、驱风、解痉、抗菌、抗病毒、抗真菌、抗炎、抗氧化和改善血糖耐受水平等多种功能。而且,其在许多国家的不同工业部门(如医药、香水、化妆品和食品等)均得到了广泛应用。该文在广泛文献检索的基础上,概述了香蜂草精油的活性成分、药理作用和医药应用,为深入开发应用提供了依据。

柠檬香蜂草精油抗氧化性能和清除自由基能力的研究

测定了调味香料柠檬香蜂草精油(MEO)的总体抗氧化能力、清除羟自由基能力、清除超氧阴离子自由基能力、清除DPPH自由基能力和抗卵黄脂质过氧化能力,并与合成抗氧化剂PG进行比较,对MEO抗氧化和清除游离基活性进行评价。结果表明:在一定浓度范围内,MEO的总体抗氧化性、对超氧阴离子的清除能力比PG强;在清除羟自由基能力方面,MEO略低于PG;清除DPPH自由基能力和抗卵黄脂质过氧化能力比PG弱。实验表明MEO作为天然的抗氧化剂应用于食品行业具有一定的开发潜力。