莺歌海盆地乐东10-1区黄流组储层流体包裹体特征及油气成藏期次分析

莺歌海盆地是中国南海北部海域重要的高温超压含油气盆地,乐东区黄流组砂岩储层致密,成岩作用较强,气藏具有低孔、低渗、低含气饱和度及异常高压的特点,流体包裹体记录了油气充注时的古流体信息,能够为油气成藏时间及成藏规律研究提供科学依据。通过对莺歌海盆地乐东10-1区黄流组砂岩样品进行镜下包裹体显微岩相学观察、包裹体类型与成分分析、包裹体均一温度与盐度测定等,研究黄流组砂岩储层的成岩特征及油气包裹体发育特征,结合其他地质条件综合分析油气成藏期次。结果表明:乐东10-1区黄流组砂岩成岩先后顺序主要为次生加大石英、方解石(白云石)胶结物;黄流组砂岩储层中包裹体比较发育,主要沿切穿石英颗粒及加大边微裂隙成带状分布、或碳酸岩胶结物中分布,以纯CH_(4)、CH_(4)和CO_(2)的混合成分为主;砂岩成岩期后主要有两期天然气充注过程,与天然气伴生的含烃盐水包裹体均一温度相差不大,LD10-1-A井黄流组均一温度主要分布在160~165℃和高于175℃,这与该区生烃时间较晚、晚期流体持续充注以及晚期底辟幕式活动有关系,结合构造演化史、埋藏史及生烃史等分析,乐东10-1区黄流组油气成藏时间普遍较晚,主要为±1.4 Ma和0.9 Ma至今。

Sedimentary Characteristics and Model of Gravity Flow Depositional System for the First Member of Upper Miocene Huangliu Formation in Dongfang Area, Yinggehai Basin, Northwestern South China Sea

The gravity flow deposit were mainly developed in the lowstand systems tract（LST） of the first member of Upper Miocene Huangliu Formation（Ehl1） in Dongfang area, Yinggehai Basin, has become a valuable target for gas exploration and production. The gravity flow sedimentary characteristics of lithofacies associations, sedimentary texture, seismic facies and logging facies were described in detail on the basis of integrated analysis of cores, logging and seismic data. The sedimentary microfacies types composed of neritic sandbar, continental shelf mud, main channel, bifurcated or cross-cutting distributary channel, overspill, and natural levee are revealed under the constraint of high resolution sequence stratigraphic framework in the Ehl1. The gravity flow deposit system in the LST is divided into three evolution stages corresponding to periods of three parasequence sets. The gravity flow deposit was induced in the early LST, expanded rapidly in the middle LST and decreased slightly in the late LST. But its developing scale decreased sharply in the transgression systems tract（TST） and finally vanished in the highstand systems tract（HST）. This spatial evolution rule is constrained by the integrated function of sediments supply of the Vietnam Blue River in the LST, the development of local gradient change in sea floor（micro-topography, i.e., flexure slope break）, and the fall in relative sea level. On the basics of the deep study of the coupling relationship among the three main control factors, the sedimentary model is established as an optimal component of ＂source-channel-sink＂ for shallow marine turbidite submarine fan.

莺歌海盆地东方区黄流组一段超压储层孔隙结构特征

利用铸体薄片、扫描电镜观察及压汞曲线分析等多种技术手段,对莺歌海盆地东方区上中新统黄流组一段超压砂岩储层的空间分布、物性、孔隙类型、孔隙结构以及含气性等进行了深入研究,结果表明,该层段超压储层非均质性强,中孔、高渗至低孔、特低渗储层均有出现;孔隙类型、孔喉大小是控制储层渗透率的主要因素,孔喉半径、分选系数、变异系数、歪度对渗透率影响较大;根据物性和孔隙结构特征将东方区黄流组一段储层分为Ⅰb、Ⅱa、Ⅱb、Ⅲ、It等5类,其中Ⅰb、Ⅱa、Ⅱb类储层位于有利的峰点结构区,有利于天然气聚集,为中高产能储层。

D气田群黄流组一段CO_2对储层质量的影响

综合利用气体组分分析、铸体薄片分析、孔隙定量分析及常规物性分析等手段,对CO_2-地层水-砂岩的反应机理进行了研究。结果表明:早期CO_2溶于水形成碳酸,使得骨架颗粒及早期胶结物溶解形成大量的孔隙,晚期过量的H+消耗使得溶液呈碱性,下伏热流体所携带的HCO_3^-和CO_2水解形成的HCO_3^-与早期地层中的Mg^(2+)、Fe^(2+)化合形成碳酸盐胶结物,以铁白云石为典型代表,在碱性环境下进行沉淀堆积,堵塞孔隙及喉道,综合早期建设性成岩作用及晚期破环性成岩作用,最终降低了储层质量,尤其在CO_2体积分数大于10%时表现最为明显。